Table of Contents. Chapter 1 Getting Started. Introduction. Installing the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Setting Up the Arduino Board

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1 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Getting Started Installing the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Setting Up the Arduino Board Using the Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to Prepare an Arduino Sketch Uploading and Running the Blink Sketch Creating and Saving a Sketch Using Arduino Chapter 2 Making the Sketch Do Your Bidding Structuring an Arduino Program Using Simple Primitive Types (Variables) Using Floating-Point Numbers Working with Groups of Values Using Arduino String Functionality Using C Character Strings Splitting Comma-Separated Text into Groups Converting a Number to a String Converting a String to a Number Structuring Your Code into Functional Blocks Returning More Than One Value from a Function Taking Actions Based on Conditions Repeating a Sequence of Statements Repeating Statements with a Counter

2 Breaking Out of Loops Taking a Variety of Actions Based on a Single Variable Comparing Character and Numeric Values Comparing Strings Performing Logical Comparisons Performing Bitwise Operations Combining Operations and Assignment Chapter 3 Using Mathematical Operators Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Incrementing and Decrementing Values Finding the Remainder After Dividing Two Values Determining the Absolute Value Constraining a Number to a Range of Values Finding the Minimum or Maximum of Some Values Raising a Number to a Power Taking the Square Root Rounding Floating-Point Numbers Up and Down Using Trigonometric Functions Generating Random Numbers Setting and Reading Bits Shifting Bits Extracting High and Low Bytes in an int or long Forming an int or long from High and Low Bytes

3 Chapter 4 Serial Communications Sending Debug Information from Arduino to Your Computer Sending Formatted Text and Numeric Data from Arduino Receiving Serial Data in Arduino Sending Multiple Text Fields from Arduino in a Single Message Receiving Multiple Text Fields in a Single Message in Arduino Sending Binary Data from Arduino Receiving Binary Data from Arduino on a Computer Sending Binary Values from Processing to Arduino Sending the Value of Multiple Arduino Pins How to Move the Mouse Cursor on a PC or Mac Controlling Google Earth Using Arduino Logging Arduino Data to a File on Your Computer Sending Data to Two Serial Devices at the Same Time Receiving Serial Data from Two Devices at the Same Time Setting Up Processing on Your Computer to Send and Receive Serial Data Chapter 5 Simple Digital and Analog Input Using a Switch Using a Switch Without External Resistors Reliably Detecting the Closing of a Switch Determining How Long a Switch Is Pressed Reading a Keypad Reading Analog Values

4 Changing the Range of Values Reading More Than Six Analog Inputs Displaying Voltages Up to 5V Responding to Changes in Voltage Measuring Voltages More Than 5V (Voltage Dividers) Chapter 6 Getting Input from Sensors Detecting Movement Detecting Light Detecting Motion (Integrating Passive Infrared Detectors) Measuring Distance Measuring Distance Accurately Detecting Vibration Detecting Sound Measuring Temperature Reading RFID Tags Tracking Rotary Movement Tracking the Movement of More Than One Rotary Encoder Tracking Rotary Movement in a Busy Sketch Using a Mouse Getting Location from a GPS Detecting Rotation Using a Gyroscope Detecting Direction Getting Input from a Game Control Pad (PlayStation) Reading Acceleration

5 Chapter 7 Visual Output Connecting and Using LEDs Adjusting the Brightness of an LED Driving High-Power LEDs Adjusting the Color of an LED Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Creating a Bar Graph Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Making a Chase Sequence (Knight Rider) Controlling an LED Matrix Using Multiplexing Displaying Images on an LED Matrix Controlling a Matrix of LEDs: Charlieplexing Driving a 7-Segment LED Display Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays: Multiplexing Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays Using MAX7221 Shift Registers Controlling an Array of LEDs by Using MAX72xx Shift Registers Increasing the Number of Analog Outputs Using PWM Extender Chips (TLC5940) Using an Analog Panel Meter as a Display Chapter 8 Physical Output Controlling the Position of a Servo Controlling One or Two Servos with a Potentiometer or Sensor Controlling the Speed of Continuous Rotation Servos Controlling Servos Using Computer Commands Driving a Brushless Motor (Using a Hobby Speed Controller) Controlling Solenoids and Relays

6 Making an Object Vibrate Driving a Brushed Motor Using a Transistor Controlling the Direction of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge Controlling the Direction and Speed of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge Using Sensors to Control the Direction and Speed of Brushed Motors (L293 H-Bridge) Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor (Using the EasyDriver Board) Driving a Unipolar Stepper Motor (ULN2003A) Chapter 9 Audio Output Playing Tones Playing a Simple Melody Generating More Than One Simultaneous Tone Generating Audio Tones and Fading an LED Playing a WAV File Controlling MIDI Making an Audio Synthesizer Chapter 10 Remotely Controlling External Devices Responding to an Infrared Remote Control Decoding Infrared Remote Control Signals Imitating Remote Control Signals Controlling a Digital Camera Controlling AC Devices by Hacking a Remote-Controlled Switch

7 Chapter 11 Using Displays Connecting and Using a Text LCD Display Formatting Text Turning the Cursor and Display On or Off Scrolling Text Displaying Special Symbols Creating Custom Characters Displaying Symbols Larger Than a Single Character Displaying Pixels Smaller Than a Single Character Connecting and Using a Graphical LCD Display Creating Bitmaps for Use with a Graphical Display Displaying Text on a TV Chapter 12 Using Time and Dates Creating Delays Using millis to Determine Duration More Precisely Measuring the Duration of a Pulse Using Arduino as a Clock Creating an Alarm to Periodically Call a Function Using a Real-Time Clock Chapter 13 Communicating Using I2C and SPI Controlling an RGB LED Using the BlinkM Module Using the Wii Nunchuck Accelerometer

8 Interfacing to an External Real-Time Clock Adding External EEPROM Memory Reading Temperature with a Digital Thermometer Driving Four 7-Segment LEDs Using Only Two Wires Integrating an I2C Port Expander Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment Displays Using SPI Communicating Between Two or More Arduino Boards Chapter 14 Wireless Communication Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Wireless Modules Connecting Arduino to a ZigBee or Network Sending a Message to a Particular XBee Sending Sensor Data Between XBees Activating an Actuator Connected to an XBee Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Transceivers Communicating with Bluetooth Devices Chapter 15 Ethernet and Networking Setting Up the Ethernet Shield Obtaining Your IP Address Automatically Resolving Hostnames to IP Addresses (DNS) Requesting Data from a Web Server Requesting Data from a Web Server Using XML Setting Up an Arduino to Be a Web Server Handling Incoming Web Requests

9 Handling Incoming Requests for Specific Pages Using HTML to Format Web Server Responses Serving Web Pages Using Forms (POST) Serving Web Pages Containing Large Amounts of Data Sending Twitter Messages Sending and Receiving Simple Messages (UDP) Getting the Time from an Internet Time Server Monitoring Pachube Feeds Sending Information to Pachube Chapter 16 Using, Modifying, and Creating Libraries Using the Built-in Libraries Installing Third-Party Libraries Modifying a Library Creating Your Own Library Creating a Library That Uses Other Libraries Updating Third-Party Libraries for Arduino 1.0 Chapter 17 Advanced Coding and Memory Handling Understanding the Arduino Build Process Determining the Amount of Free and Used RAM Storing and Retrieving Numeric Values in Program Memory Storing and Retrieving Strings in Program Memory Using #define and const Instead of Integers Using Conditional Compilations

10 Chapter 18 Using the Controller Chip Hardware Storing Data in Permanent EEPROM Memory Using Hardware Interrupts Setting Timer Duration Setting Timer Pulse Width and Duration Creating a Pulse Generator Changing a Timer s PWM Frequency Counting Pulses Measuring Pulses More Accurately Measuring Analog Values Quickly Reducing Battery Drain Setting Digital Pins Quickly Uploading Sketches Using a Programmer Replacing the Arduino Bootloader Reprogram the Uno to Emulate a Native USB device Appendix Electronic Components Capacitor Diode Integrated Circuit Keypad LED Motor (DC) Optocoupler Photocell (Photoresistor)

11 Piezo Pot (Potentiometer) Relay Resistor Solenoid Speaker Stepper Motor Switch Transistor See Also Appendix: Using Schematic Diagrams and Data Sheets How to Read a Data Sheet Choosing and Using Transistors for Switching Appendix: Building and Connecting the Circuit Using a Breadboard Connecting and Using External Power Supplies and Batteries Using Capacitors for Decoupling Using Snubber Diodes with Inductive Loads Working with AC Line Voltages Appendix: Tips on Troubleshooting Software Problems Code That Won t Compile Code That Compiles but Does Not Work as Expected Appendix: Tips on Troubleshooting Hardware Problems Still Stuck?

12 Appendix: Digital and Analog Pins Appendix: ASCII and Extended Character Sets Appendix: Migrating to Arduino 1.0 Migrating Print Statements Migrating Wire (I2C) Statements Migrating Ethernet Statements Migrating Libraries New Stream Parsing Functions Colophon