1. Folds in the cortex are called: fissures. mounds. Rationale: p The cortex is divided into: three lobes. four lobes. five lobes. six lobes.

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1 1. Folds in the cortex are called: p.3 sulci. fissures. gyri. mounds. 2. The cortex is divided into: p.3 three lobes. four lobes. five lobes. six lobes. 3. Which of the following is not part of the cortex? p.3 limbic lobe parietal lobe temporal lobe occipital lobe 4. Nerve fibers that connect sensory receptors on the surface of the body and within the body and also connect to the muscles are collectively known as: p.4 the nervous system. the central nervous system. the peripheral nervous system. the external nervous system. 1

2 5. Which of the following systems would be primarily responsible for emotional reactions associated with our behavior? p.5 central nervous system somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system 6. The postulation that we make subliminal movements of our larynx and muscles when we imagine was expounded by: p.6 D. O. Hebb. Edmond Jacobson. Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt. Fred Linge. 7. "Behavior consists of patterns in time" is a definition of behavior expounded by: p.6 D. O. Hebb. Edmond Jacobson. Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt. Fred Linge. 8. Patterns in time can be made up of: color changes when blushing. thinking. both a & b. neither a nor b. p.6 2

3 9. Crossbill birds have a beak that is designed to eat pinecones. If we trim the beak the behavior disappears. This example illustrates: fixed behavior. flexible behavior. learned behavior. adaptive behavior. pp Which of the following statements is most accurate? Non-human animals have mostly inherited behavior and are little influenced by learning. Humans share many inherited behaviors but are mostly influenced by learning. Unlike non-human animals, humans share very few inherited behaviors and are mostly influenced by learning. Unlike non-human animals, humans' behavior is totally learned. p The hypothesis that the psyche is responsible for behavior was first expounded by: Charles Darwin. René Descartes. Aristotle. Socrates. p The notion that the pineal body was the mediator between mind and body comes from: Charles Darwin. René Descartes. Aristotle. Socrates. p.9 3

4 13. Mentalism is: the study of the mind. mental imagery. the notion that the mind is responsible for behavior. another word for mindfulness. p According to the philosophy of dualism: the body influences the mind. the pineal body is the mind. the pineal body influences the body by directing fluids from the ventricles to the muscles. both b and c. p Descartes's followers would argue: the mind and the body are separate at birth. humans and very few other animals have minds. children do not have minds. the mentally ill have minds but have temporarily lost them. p Phineas Gage's "animal behavior" was a result of damage to: the frontal lobes. the temporal lobes. the parietal lobes. the occipital lobes. pp "Common descent" means: all humans have a common ancestor. all brain cells that living animals have are descended from the first brain cell that ever evolved. each species has its own common descendents. both a and c. p.12 4

5 18. The notion that all living things are related was first put forward by: Charles Darwin. Alfred Russel Wallace. Gregor Mendel. both a and b. p Individual variation in plants and animals was first explained by: Charles Darwin. Alfred Russel Wallace. Gregor Mendel. both a and c. p Inherited behavior: is demonstrated only by animal instincts. includes emotional expressions in humans. cannot include emotional expressions in humans because the behavior is learned. includes emotional expression in animals but not in humans. p Which of the following statements about natural selection is not correct? Those animals whose characteristics allow them to survive in their environment are likely to leave more offspring than less-fit individuals. If portions of a population become reproductively isolated, over time they could evolve into different species. The unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce will lead to a gradual change in population, with favorable characteristics accumulating in species over generations. While the nervous system within each species is the same, individuals will vary in other characteristics so that no two individuals will be exactly alike. p.13 5

6 22. The philosophical position that language and behavior can be accounted for by understanding brain function is called: p.14 mentalism. brain theory. materialism. dualism. 23. The first humanlike brain evolved: p million years ago. 250 million years ago. 3-4 million years ago thousand years ago. 24. Which of the following sequences is correct? p.15 phylum, order, class, family, genus, species phylum, class, order, family, genus, species phylum, class, family, order, genus, species phylum, family, class, order, genus, species 25. A large brain with many different correlated functions first evolved in: p.15 chordates. mammals. primates. Homo sapiens. 26. Life first appeared with: p.17 Monera. Protista. Plantae. Animalia. 6

7 27. Brain cells, nervous systems, and muscles appear in: Monera. Protista. Animalia. both b and c. p Taxonomists have classified approximately one million species into: p phyla. 15 phyla. 20 phyla. 25 phyla. 29. The first multicellular organisms appeared in: Protista. Plantae. Fungi both b and c. p A notochord is: p.18 a spinal cord and a brain. a longitudinal flexible rod in the back. a segmented spine. a segmented spine and spinal cord. 31. Another term for "cerebellum" is: p.19 "tiny brain." "little brain." "back brain." "ventral brain." 7

8 32. The primate order contains approximately: 275 species. 375 species. 475 species. 575 species. p Humans are most closely related to: p.21 gibbons. orangutans. chimpanzees. gorillas. 34. Our most recent relative is: p.22 Homo erectus. Homo habilis. Neanderthals. Australopithecus. 35. The idea that it was the relative increase in size and complexity of the cerebral cortex that enables the evolution of more complex behavior is called: pp principle of proper mass. encephalization. principle of mass action. relativization. 8

9 36. The idea that the amount of neural tissue responsible for a particular function is equivalent to the amount of processing required for that function to occur is called: p.23 principle of proper mass. encephalization. principle of mass action. relativization. 37. Which of the following has the largest encephalization quotient? p.24 monkey chimpanzee Homo habilis dolphin 38. Which of the following is not likely to be related to the evolution of our large brain? pp Vegetation eaters: primate lifestyle. neoteny. a new way of cooling the brain. our increase in cranium capacity. have larger brains than fruit eaters. have smaller brains than fruit eaters. have greater social skills than fruit eaters. both a and c. p How much of the body's glucose supply does the brain use? p percent 50 percent 70 percent 80 percent 9

10 41. How much of the body's oxygen supply is used by the brain? 25 percent 50 percent 70 percent 80 percent p Our small face, vaulted cranium, large brain-to-body-size ratio, and distribution of hair are features that link us with juvenile chimps. This illustrates: p.27 natural selection. neoteny. selective dominant traits. selective environmental influences. 43. If one person has a brain weighing 1000 grams and another has a brain weighing 1500 grams, the difference most likely reflects: a major difference in intelligence. water content differences. body size differences. both b and c. pp Which of the following is not correlated with brain size? p.29 sex nutrition age intelligence 10

11 Answer Key 45. Evidence for the invention of reading and writing has been dated at: less than 10,000 years. between 10,000 and 20,000 years. between 20,000 and 30,000 years. more than 30,000 years. p Concept formation is unique to: p.32 humans. chimpanzees. humans and chimpanzees. none of the above. 47. The radiator hypothesis is a theory relating to: cooling of the brain by blood flow. cooling of the brain by cerebral spinal fluid. both a and b. none of the above. p Fruit-eating primates: pp have a smaller brain than vegetation eaters. eat more glucose and thus have a larger brain than vegetation eaters. forage more than vegetation eaters and thus have a larger brain. none of the above. 49. Which of the following is the correct evolutionary sequence? p.15 plant, single cell, bacteria, fungi, animal bacteria, single cell, fungi, plant, animal bacteria, single cell, plant, fungi, animal single cell, bacteria, fungi, plant, animal 11