First of all, we need to know what it means for a parameterize curve to be differentiable.
|
|
- Nathaniel Kelley Fleming
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CALCULUS WITH PARAMETERIZED CURVES Elizabeth Wood In calculus I we learned how to differentiate and integrate functions. In the chapter covering the applications of the integral, we learned how to find the length of a curve and the surface area of the surface that is generated when the curve is revolved about an axis. Now we will learn how to apply these concepts to parameterized curves. We will start with the concept of the derivative of parameterized curves. DERIVATIVE OF PARAMETERIZED CURVES First of all, we need to know what it means for a parameterize curve to be differentiable. FACT: A parameterized curve x = f (t), y = g (t) is differentiable at t = t 0 if f and g are differentiable at t = t 0. The curve is differentiable if it is differentiable at every parameter value. The curve is smooth if f ' and g' are continuous and not simultaneously zero. At a point on a differentiable parameterized curve where y is also a differentiable function of x, then the derivatives dx/ dt, dy/ dt, and dy/ dx are related by the chain rule. FACT: EXAMPLE 1: Find the equation for the line tangent to the given curve at the given point. First we will find dy/ dt and dx/ dt. Now evaluate each derivative at the given value of t. To do this, I will draw the reference triangle for this angle. 1 of 9
2 Now substitute everything into the formula for the derivative. Next, we need to find the point of the curve at the given value of t. Now to write the equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point. EXAMPLE 2: Find the equation for the line tangent to the given curve at the given point. First of all, we will find dy/ dt and dx/ dt. 2 of 9
3 Now evaluate each derivative at t = 3. Now sub them into the formula for dy/ dx. Next find the point on the curve when t = 3. Now to write the equation of the tangent line to the curve when t = 3. y - 3 = - 2(x - 2) y - 3 = -2x + 4 y = -2x + 7 Sometimes we will need to find the second derivative of a parameterized curve, so here is the formula that we will use to find this derivative. EXAMPLE 3: Find d 2 y/ dx 2 of x = 2t 2 + 3, y = t 4. First, I will find dy/ dx. 3 of 9
4 Now to find dy'/ dt where y' = dy/ dx. Now put everything together. EXAMPLE 4: Find d 2 y/ dx 2 of x = cos t, y = 1 + sin t. First, find dy/ dx. Now to find dy'/ dt where y' = dy/ dx. Now put everything together. EXAMPLE 5: Assuming that the equations 4 of 9
5 define x and y implicitly as differentiable functions x = f (t) and y = g (t). Find the slope of the curve x = f (t), y = g (t) at t = 0. In this problem, both x and y are implicitly defined in terms of t, so we will have to do implicit differentiation to find dy/ dt and dx/ dt. First find dx/ dt. Every time we take a derivative of x tack on dx/ dt. Then solve for dx/ dt. Next find dy/ dt. Now to find what x and y equals when t = 0. 5 of 9
6 The square root of x cannot equal -1/ 2, since it is the principle root, so x = 0 when t = 0. Now plug these values into dy/ dt and dx/ dt. LENGTH OF CURVES How do we find the length of a parameterized curve? Using the formula that we learned in calculus I, we can modify it to get the following formula. FACT: LENGTH OF A PARAMETERIZED CURVE If a smooth curve x = f (t), y = g (t), a t b, is traversed exactly once as t increases from a to b, then the curve's length is 6 of 9
7 EXAMPLE 6: Find dy/ dt and dx/ dt. EXAMPLE 7: Find dy/ dt and dx/ dt. 7 of 9
8 SURFACE AREA If we modify the formulas for the surface area that we learned in calculus I, we will have the formulas for the surface area generated by revolving a parameterized curve about an axis. FACT: SURFACE AREA If a smooth curve x = f (t), y = g (t), a t b, is traversed exactly once as t increases from a to b, then the areas of the surfaces generated by revolving the curve about the coordinate axes are as follows. 1. Revolution about the x-axis (y 0) 2. Revolution about the y-axis (x 0) EXAMPLE 8: Find the area of the surface generated by about the y-axis. First of all, I will find dy/ dt and dx/ dt. 8 of 9
9 In this set of supplemental notes, I have covered how to take the derivative of a set of parametric equation, find the length of a parametric curve, and find the surface area of a parametric curve that is revolved about one of the coordinate axis. The last two topics are topics that are covered in calculus I. The required formulas have been modified to work with parametric curves. 9 of 9
GRAPHING IN POLAR COORDINATES SYMMETRY
GRAPHING IN POLAR COORDINATES SYMMETRY Recall from Algebra and Calculus I that the concept of symmetry was discussed using Cartesian equations. Also remember that there are three types of symmetry - y-axis,
More informationExam 1 Sample Question SOLUTIONS. y = 2x
Exam Sample Question SOLUTIONS. Eliminate the parameter to find a Cartesian equation for the curve: x e t, y e t. SOLUTION: You might look at the coordinates and notice that If you don t see it, we can
More informationVisualizing Differential Equations Slope Fields. by Lin McMullin
Visualizing Differential Equations Slope Fields by Lin McMullin The topic of slope fields is new to the AP Calculus AB Course Description for the 2004 exam. Where do slope fields come from? How should
More information88 CHAPTER 2. VECTOR FUNCTIONS. . First, we need to compute T (s). a By definition, r (s) T (s) = 1 a sin s a. sin s a, cos s a
88 CHAPTER. VECTOR FUNCTIONS.4 Curvature.4.1 Definitions and Examples The notion of curvature measures how sharply a curve bends. We would expect the curvature to be 0 for a straight line, to be very small
More informationthe points are called control points approximating curve
Chapter 4 Spline Curves A spline curve is a mathematical representation for which it is easy to build an interface that will allow a user to design and control the shape of complex curves and surfaces.
More informationNumerical Solution of Differential Equations
Numerical Solution of Differential Equations Dr. Alvaro Islas Applications of Calculus I Spring 2008 We live in a world in constant change We live in a world in constant change We live in a world in constant
More informationCompute the derivative by definition: The four step procedure
Compute te derivative by definition: Te four step procedure Given a function f(x), te definition of f (x), te derivative of f(x), is lim 0 f(x + ) f(x), provided te limit exists Te derivative function
More informationMark Howell Gonzaga High School, Washington, D.C.
Be Prepared for the Calculus Exam Mark Howell Gonzaga High School, Washington, D.C. Martha Montgomery Fremont City Schools, Fremont, Ohio Practice exam contributors: Benita Albert Oak Ridge High School,
More informationMath 113 HW #7 Solutions
Math 3 HW #7 Solutions 35 0 Given find /dx by implicit differentiation y 5 + x 2 y 3 = + ye x2 Answer: Differentiating both sides with respect to x yields 5y 4 dx + 2xy3 + x 2 3y 2 ) dx = dx ex2 + y2x)e
More informationcorrect-choice plot f(x) and draw an approximate tangent line at x = a and use geometry to estimate its slope comment The choices were:
Topic 1 2.1 mode MultipleSelection text How can we approximate the slope of the tangent line to f(x) at a point x = a? This is a Multiple selection question, so you need to check all of the answers that
More informationL 2 : x = s + 1, y = s, z = 4s + 4. 3. Suppose that C has coordinates (x, y, z). Then from the vector equality AC = BD, one has
The line L through the points A and B is parallel to the vector AB = 3, 2, and has parametric equations x = 3t + 2, y = 2t +, z = t Therefore, the intersection point of the line with the plane should satisfy:
More informationReview Sheet for Test 1
Review Sheet for Test 1 Math 261-00 2 6 2004 These problems are provided to help you study. The presence of a problem on this handout does not imply that there will be a similar problem on the test. And
More information2008 AP Calculus AB Multiple Choice Exam
008 AP Multiple Choice Eam Name 008 AP Calculus AB Multiple Choice Eam Section No Calculator Active AP Calculus 008 Multiple Choice 008 AP Calculus AB Multiple Choice Eam Section Calculator Active AP Calculus
More information(a) We have x = 3 + 2t, y = 2 t, z = 6 so solving for t we get the symmetric equations. x 3 2. = 2 y, z = 6. t 2 2t + 1 = 0,
Name: Solutions to Practice Final. Consider the line r(t) = 3 + t, t, 6. (a) Find symmetric equations for this line. (b) Find the point where the first line r(t) intersects the surface z = x + y. (a) We
More informationAP Calculus AB First Semester Final Exam Practice Test Content covers chapters 1-3 Name: Date: Period:
AP Calculus AB First Semester Final Eam Practice Test Content covers chapters 1- Name: Date: Period: This is a big tamale review for the final eam. Of the 69 questions on this review, questions will be
More information1.(6pts) Find symmetric equations of the line L passing through the point (2, 5, 1) and perpendicular to the plane x + 3y z = 9.
.(6pts Find symmetric equations of the line L passing through the point (, 5, and perpendicular to the plane x + 3y z = 9. (a x = y + 5 3 = z (b x (c (x = ( 5(y 3 = z + (d x (e (x + 3(y 3 (z = 9 = y 3
More informationInvestigating Parametric Curves with MATLAB
MTHH229 Fall 2006 The College of Staten Island Department of Mathematics Investigating Parametric Curves with MATLAB 1 Introduction In this project we investigate curves in the plane. Specifically, we
More informationSolutions for Review Problems
olutions for Review Problems 1. Let be the triangle with vertices A (,, ), B (4,, 1) and C (,, 1). (a) Find the cosine of the angle BAC at vertex A. (b) Find the area of the triangle ABC. (c) Find a vector
More informationMath 241, Exam 1 Information.
Math 241, Exam 1 Information. 9/24/12, LC 310, 11:15-12:05. Exam 1 will be based on: Sections 12.1-12.5, 14.1-14.3. The corresponding assigned homework problems (see http://www.math.sc.edu/ boylan/sccourses/241fa12/241.html)
More informationSolutions to Practice Problems for Test 4
olutions to Practice Problems for Test 4 1. Let be the line segmentfrom the point (, 1, 1) to the point (,, 3). Evaluate the line integral y ds. Answer: First, we parametrize the line segment from (, 1,
More informationCalculus AB 2014 Scoring Guidelines
P Calculus B 014 Scoring Guidelines 014 The College Board. College Board, dvanced Placement Program, P, P Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. P Central is the official
More informationAP Calculus AB 2010 Free-Response Questions Form B
AP Calculus AB 2010 Free-Response Questions Form B The College Board The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity.
More informationwww.mathsbox.org.uk ab = c a If the coefficients a,b and c are real then either α and β are real or α and β are complex conjugates
Further Pure Summary Notes. Roots of Quadratic Equations For a quadratic equation ax + bx + c = 0 with roots α and β Sum of the roots Product of roots a + b = b a ab = c a If the coefficients a,b and c
More informationx 2 + y 2 = 1 y 1 = x 2 + 2x y = x 2 + 2x + 1
Implicit Functions Defining Implicit Functions Up until now in this course, we have only talked about functions, which assign to every real number x in their domain exactly one real number f(x). The graphs
More informationThe Math Circle, Spring 2004
The Math Circle, Spring 2004 (Talks by Gordon Ritter) What is Non-Euclidean Geometry? Most geometries on the plane R 2 are non-euclidean. Let s denote arc length. Then Euclidean geometry arises from the
More informationSection 12.6: Directional Derivatives and the Gradient Vector
Section 26: Directional Derivatives and the Gradient Vector Recall that if f is a differentiable function of x and y and z = f(x, y), then the partial derivatives f x (x, y) and f y (x, y) give the rate
More informationA QUICK GUIDE TO THE FORMULAS OF MULTIVARIABLE CALCULUS
A QUIK GUIDE TO THE FOMULAS OF MULTIVAIABLE ALULUS ontents 1. Analytic Geometry 2 1.1. Definition of a Vector 2 1.2. Scalar Product 2 1.3. Properties of the Scalar Product 2 1.4. Length and Unit Vectors
More informationPractice Final Math 122 Spring 12 Instructor: Jeff Lang
Practice Final Math Spring Instructor: Jeff Lang. Find the limit of the sequence a n = ln (n 5) ln (3n + 8). A) ln ( ) 3 B) ln C) ln ( ) 3 D) does not exist. Find the limit of the sequence a n = (ln n)6
More information5.3 SOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS. Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.
5.3 SOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS Copyright Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. What You Should Learn Use standard algebraic techniques to solve trigonometric equations. Solve trigonometric equations
More informationPYTHAGOREAN TRIPLES KEITH CONRAD
PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLES KEITH CONRAD 1. Introduction A Pythagorean triple is a triple of positive integers (a, b, c) where a + b = c. Examples include (3, 4, 5), (5, 1, 13), and (8, 15, 17). Below is an ancient
More informationAP Calculus AB 2004 Free-Response Questions
AP Calculus AB 2004 Free-Response Questions The materials included in these files are intended for noncommercial use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation; permission for any other use must be
More informationCIRCLE COORDINATE GEOMETRY
CIRCLE COORDINATE GEOMETRY (EXAM QUESTIONS) Question 1 (**) A circle has equation x + y = 2x + 8 Determine the radius and the coordinates of the centre of the circle. r = 3, ( 1,0 ) Question 2 (**) A circle
More information6 Further differentiation and integration techniques
56 6 Further differentiation and integration techniques Here are three more rules for differentiation and two more integration techniques. 6.1 The product rule for differentiation Textbook: Section 2.7
More informationAP Calculus BC 2013 Free-Response Questions
AP Calculus BC 013 Free-Response Questions About the College Board The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded in
More informationPROBLEM SET. Practice Problems for Exam #1. Math 1352, Fall 2004. Oct. 1, 2004 ANSWERS
PROBLEM SET Practice Problems for Exam # Math 352, Fall 24 Oct., 24 ANSWERS i Problem. vlet R be the region bounded by the curves x = y 2 and y = x. A. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving
More information( 1)2 + 2 2 + 2 2 = 9 = 3 We would like to make the length 6. The only vectors in the same direction as v are those
1.(6pts) Which of the following vectors has the same direction as v 1,, but has length 6? (a), 4, 4 (b),, (c) 4,, 4 (d), 4, 4 (e) 0, 6, 0 The length of v is given by ( 1) + + 9 3 We would like to make
More informationParametric Equations and the Parabola (Extension 1)
Parametric Equations and the Parabola (Extension 1) Parametric Equations Parametric equations are a set of equations in terms of a parameter that represent a relation. Each value of the parameter, when
More informationThis makes sense. t 2 1 + 1/t 2 dt = 1. t t 2 + 1dt = 2 du = 1 3 u3/2 u=5
1. (Line integrals Using parametrization. Two types and the flux integral) Formulas: ds = x (t) dt, d x = x (t)dt and d x = T ds since T = x (t)/ x (t). Another one is Nds = T ds ẑ = (dx, dy) ẑ = (dy,
More informationx(x + 5) x 2 25 (x + 5)(x 5) = x 6(x 4) x ( x 4) + 3
CORE 4 Summary Notes Rational Expressions Factorise all expressions where possible Cancel any factors common to the numerator and denominator x + 5x x(x + 5) x 5 (x + 5)(x 5) x x 5 To add or subtract -
More information1 2 3 1 1 2 x = + x 2 + x 4 1 0 1
(d) If the vector b is the sum of the four columns of A, write down the complete solution to Ax = b. 1 2 3 1 1 2 x = + x 2 + x 4 1 0 0 1 0 1 2. (11 points) This problem finds the curve y = C + D 2 t which
More informationParametric Curves. (Com S 477/577 Notes) Yan-Bin Jia. Oct 8, 2015
Parametric Curves (Com S 477/577 Notes) Yan-Bin Jia Oct 8, 2015 1 Introduction A curve in R 2 (or R 3 ) is a differentiable function α : [a,b] R 2 (or R 3 ). The initial point is α[a] and the final point
More informationEquations Involving Lines and Planes Standard equations for lines in space
Equations Involving Lines and Planes In this section we will collect various important formulas regarding equations of lines and planes in three dimensional space Reminder regarding notation: any quantity
More informationHow To Understand The Theory Of Algebraic Functions
Homework 4 3.4,. Show that x x cos x x holds for x 0. Solution: Since cos x, multiply all three parts by x > 0, we get: x x cos x x, and since x 0 x x 0 ( x ) = 0, then by Sandwich theorem, we get: x 0
More informationAP CALCULUS BC 2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP CALCULUS BC 008 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 6 dy y Consider the logistic differential equation = ( 6 y). Let y = f() t be the particular solution to the 8 differential equation with f ( 0) = 8. (a)
More informationThe Method of Partial Fractions Math 121 Calculus II Spring 2015
Rational functions. as The Method of Partial Fractions Math 11 Calculus II Spring 015 Recall that a rational function is a quotient of two polynomials such f(x) g(x) = 3x5 + x 3 + 16x x 60. The method
More informationAP Calculus AB 2004 Scoring Guidelines
AP Calculus AB 4 Scoring Guidelines The materials included in these files are intended for noncommercial use by AP teachers for course and eam preparation; permission for any other use must be sought from
More informationPRACTICE FINAL. Problem 1. Find the dimensions of the isosceles triangle with largest area that can be inscribed in a circle of radius 10cm.
PRACTICE FINAL Problem 1. Find the dimensions of the isosceles triangle with largest area that can be inscribed in a circle of radius 1cm. Solution. Let x be the distance between the center of the circle
More informationReadings this week. 1 Parametric Equations Supplement. 2 Section 10.1. 3 Sections 2.1-2.2. Professor Christopher Hoffman Math 124
Readings this week 1 Parametric Equations Supplement 2 Section 10.1 3 Sections 2.1-2.2 Precalculus Review Quiz session Thursday equations of lines and circles worksheet available at http://www.math.washington.edu/
More informationTechniques of Integration
CHPTER 7 Techniques of Integration 7.. Substitution Integration, unlike differentiation, is more of an art-form than a collection of algorithms. Many problems in applied mathematics involve the integration
More information18.01 Single Variable Calculus Fall 2006
MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu 8.0 Single Variable Calculus Fall 2006 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms. Unit : Derivatives A. What
More informationAP Calculus AB 2013 Free-Response Questions
AP Calculus AB 2013 Free-Response Questions About the College Board The College Board is a mission-driven not-for-profit organization that connects students to college success and opportunity. Founded
More informationx 2 y 2 +3xy ] = d dx dx [10y] dy dx = 2xy2 +3y
MA7 - Calculus I for thelife Sciences Final Exam Solutions Spring -May-. Consider the function defined implicitly near (,) byx y +xy =y. (a) [7 points] Use implicit differentiation to find the derivative
More informationDefinition of derivative
Definition of derivative Contents 1. Slope-The Concept 2. Slope of a curve 3. Derivative-The Concept 4. Illustration of Example 5. Definition of Derivative 6. Example 7. Extension of the idea 8. Example
More informationAlgebra. Exponents. Absolute Value. Simplify each of the following as much as possible. 2x y x + y y. xxx 3. x x x xx x. 1. Evaluate 5 and 123
Algebra Eponents Simplify each of the following as much as possible. 1 4 9 4 y + y y. 1 5. 1 5 4. y + y 4 5 6 5. + 1 4 9 10 1 7 9 0 Absolute Value Evaluate 5 and 1. Eliminate the absolute value bars from
More informationThe Fourth International DERIVE-TI92/89 Conference Liverpool, U.K., 12-15 July 2000. Derive 5: The Easiest... Just Got Better!
The Fourth International DERIVE-TI9/89 Conference Liverpool, U.K., -5 July 000 Derive 5: The Easiest... Just Got Better! Michel Beaudin École de technologie supérieure 00, rue Notre-Dame Ouest Montréal
More informationDifferentiation of vectors
Chapter 4 Differentiation of vectors 4.1 Vector-valued functions In the previous chapters we have considered real functions of several (usually two) variables f : D R, where D is a subset of R n, where
More information10 Polar Coordinates, Parametric Equations
Polar Coordinates, Parametric Equations ½¼º½ ÈÓÐ Ö ÓÓÖ Ò Ø Coordinate systems are tools that let us use algebraic methods to understand geometry While the rectangular (also called Cartesian) coordinates
More informationMath 115 HW #8 Solutions
Math 115 HW #8 Solutions 1 The function with the given graph is a solution of one of the following differential equations Decide which is the correct equation and justify your answer a) y = 1 + xy b) y
More informationAP Calculus AB 2005 Free-Response Questions
AP Calculus AB 25 Free-Response Questions The College Board: Connecting Students to College Success The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to
More information(Refer Slide Time: 1:42)
Introduction to Computer Graphics Dr. Prem Kalra Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Lecture - 10 Curves So today we are going to have a new topic. So far
More informationAx 2 Cy 2 Dx Ey F 0. Here we show that the general second-degree equation. Ax 2 Bxy Cy 2 Dx Ey F 0. y X sin Y cos P(X, Y) X
Rotation of Aes ROTATION OF AES Rotation of Aes For a discussion of conic sections, see Calculus, Fourth Edition, Section 11.6 Calculus, Earl Transcendentals, Fourth Edition, Section 1.6 In precalculus
More informationImplicit Differentiation
Revision Notes 2 Calculus 1270 Fall 2007 INSTRUCTOR: Peter Roper OFFICE: LCB 313 [EMAIL: roper@math.utah.edu] Standard Disclaimer These notes are not a complete review of the course thus far, and some
More informationContents. 2 Lines and Circles 3 2.1 Cartesian Coordinates... 3 2.2 Distance and Midpoint Formulas... 3 2.3 Lines... 3 2.4 Circles...
Contents Lines and Circles 3.1 Cartesian Coordinates.......................... 3. Distance and Midpoint Formulas.................... 3.3 Lines.................................. 3.4 Circles..................................
More informationChapter 17. Review. 1. Vector Fields (Section 17.1)
hapter 17 Review 1. Vector Fields (Section 17.1) There isn t much I can say in this section. Most of the material has to do with sketching vector fields. Please provide some explanation to support your
More informationAP Calculus BC 2001 Free-Response Questions
AP Calculus BC 001 Free-Response Questions The materials included in these files are intended for use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation in the classroom; permission for any other use must
More informationDerive 5: The Easiest... Just Got Better!
Liverpool John Moores University, 1-15 July 000 Derive 5: The Easiest... Just Got Better! Michel Beaudin École de Technologie Supérieure, Canada Email; mbeaudin@seg.etsmtl.ca 1. Introduction Engineering
More informationBasic numerical skills: EQUATIONS AND HOW TO SOLVE THEM. x + 5 = 7 2 + 5-2 = 7-2 5 + (2-2) = 7-2 5 = 5. x + 5-5 = 7-5. x + 0 = 20.
Basic numerical skills: EQUATIONS AND HOW TO SOLVE THEM 1. Introduction (really easy) An equation represents the equivalence between two quantities. The two sides of the equation are in balance, and solving
More informationSurface Normals and Tangent Planes
Surface Normals and Tangent Planes Normal and Tangent Planes to Level Surfaces Because the equation of a plane requires a point and a normal vector to the plane, nding the equation of a tangent plane to
More informationMATH 132: CALCULUS II SYLLABUS
MATH 32: CALCULUS II SYLLABUS Prerequisites: Successful completion of Math 3 (or its equivalent elsewhere). Math 27 is normally not a sufficient prerequisite for Math 32. Required Text: Calculus: Early
More informationMath 1B, lecture 5: area and volume
Math B, lecture 5: area and volume Nathan Pflueger 6 September 2 Introduction This lecture and the next will be concerned with the computation of areas of regions in the plane, and volumes of regions in
More informationEvaluating trigonometric functions
MATH 1110 009-09-06 Evaluating trigonometric functions Remark. Throughout this document, remember the angle measurement convention, which states that if the measurement of an angle appears without units,
More informationMath 265 (Butler) Practice Midterm II B (Solutions)
Math 265 (Butler) Practice Midterm II B (Solutions) 1. Find (x 0, y 0 ) so that the plane tangent to the surface z f(x, y) x 2 + 3xy y 2 at ( x 0, y 0, f(x 0, y 0 ) ) is parallel to the plane 16x 2y 2z
More informationMTH 125 3.7 Related Rates
Objectives MTH 15 3.7 Related Rates Finding Related Rates We have seen how the Chain Rule can be used to find dy/dx implicitly. Another important use of the Chain Rule is to find the rates of change of
More informationwww.mathsbox.org.uk Displacement (x) Velocity (v) Acceleration (a) x = f(t) differentiate v = dx Acceleration Velocity (v) Displacement x
Mechanics 2 : Revision Notes 1. Kinematics and variable acceleration Displacement (x) Velocity (v) Acceleration (a) x = f(t) differentiate v = dx differentiate a = dv = d2 x dt dt dt 2 Acceleration Velocity
More informationCalculus with Parametric Curves
Calculus with Parametric Curves Suppose f and g are differentiable functions and we want to find the tangent line at a point on the parametric curve x f(t), y g(t) where y is also a differentiable function
More informationCourse outline, MA 113, Spring 2014 Part A, Functions and limits. 1.1 1.2 Functions, domain and ranges, A1.1-1.2-Review (9 problems)
Course outline, MA 113, Spring 2014 Part A, Functions and limits 1.1 1.2 Functions, domain and ranges, A1.1-1.2-Review (9 problems) Functions, domain and range Domain and range of rational and algebraic
More informationCalculus 1st Semester Final Review
Calculus st Semester Final Review Use the graph to find lim f ( ) (if it eists) 0 9 Determine the value of c so that f() is continuous on the entire real line if f ( ) R S T, c /, > 0 Find the limit: lim
More informationBending Stress in Beams
936-73-600 Bending Stress in Beams Derive a relationship for bending stress in a beam: Basic Assumptions:. Deflections are very small with respect to the depth of the beam. Plane sections before bending
More informationAnalysis of Stresses and Strains
Chapter 7 Analysis of Stresses and Strains 7.1 Introduction axial load = P / A torsional load in circular shaft = T / I p bending moment and shear force in beam = M y / I = V Q / I b in this chapter, we
More informationy cos 3 x dx y cos 2 x cos x dx y 1 sin 2 x cos x dx
Trigonometric Integrals In this section we use trigonometric identities to integrate certain combinations of trigonometric functions. We start with powers of sine and cosine. EXAMPLE Evaluate cos 3 x dx.
More informationAP Calculus AB 2005 Scoring Guidelines Form B
AP Calculus AB 5 coring Guidelines Form B The College Board: Connecting tudents to College uccess The College Board is a not-for-profit membership association whose mission is to connect students to college
More informationTrigonometric Functions: The Unit Circle
Trigonometric Functions: The Unit Circle This chapter deals with the subject of trigonometry, which likely had its origins in the study of distances and angles by the ancient Greeks. The word trigonometry
More informationA power series about x = a is the series of the form
POWER SERIES AND THE USES OF POWER SERIES Elizabeth Wood Now we are finally going to start working with a topic that uses all of the information from the previous topics. The topic that we are going to
More informationAP CALCULUS AB 2008 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP CALCULUS AB 2008 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 Let R be the region bounded by the graphs of y = sin( π x) and y = x 4 x, as shown in the figure above. (a) Find the area of R. (b) The horizontal line
More information2013 MBA Jump Start Program
2013 MBA Jump Start Program Module 2: Mathematics Thomas Gilbert Mathematics Module Algebra Review Calculus Permutations and Combinations [Online Appendix: Basic Mathematical Concepts] 2 1 Equation of
More informationPartial Fractions Examples
Partial Fractions Examples Partial fractions is the name given to a technique of integration that may be used to integrate any ratio of polynomials. A ratio of polynomials is called a rational function.
More informationTHE COMPLEX EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
Math 307 THE COMPLEX EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION (These notes assume you are already familiar with the basic properties of complex numbers.) We make the following definition e iθ = cos θ + i sin θ. (1) This formula
More informationAB2.5: Surfaces and Surface Integrals. Divergence Theorem of Gauss
AB2.5: urfaces and urface Integrals. Divergence heorem of Gauss epresentations of surfaces or epresentation of a surface as projections on the xy- and xz-planes, etc. are For example, z = f(x, y), x =
More information100. In general, we can define this as if b x = a then x = log b
Exponents and Logarithms Review 1. Solving exponential equations: Solve : a)8 x = 4! x! 3 b)3 x+1 + 9 x = 18 c)3x 3 = 1 3. Recall: Terminology of Logarithms If 10 x = 100 then of course, x =. However,
More informationParticular Solutions. y = Ae 4x and y = 3 at x = 0 3 = Ae 4 0 3 = A y = 3e 4x
Particular Solutions If the differential equation is actually modeling something (like the cost of milk as a function of time) it is likely that you will know a specific value (like the fact that milk
More informationFINAL EXAM SOLUTIONS Math 21a, Spring 03
INAL EXAM SOLUIONS Math 21a, Spring 3 Name: Start by printing your name in the above box and check your section in the box to the left. MW1 Ken Chung MW1 Weiyang Qiu MW11 Oliver Knill h1 Mark Lucianovic
More informationRADIUS OF CURVATURE AND EVOLUTE OF THE FUNCTION y=f(x)
RADIUS OF CURVATURE AND EVOLUTE OF THE FUNCTION y=f( In introductory calculus one learns about the curvature of a function y=f( also about the path (evolute that the center of curvature traces out as x
More informationMATH 425, PRACTICE FINAL EXAM SOLUTIONS.
MATH 45, PRACTICE FINAL EXAM SOLUTIONS. Exercise. a Is the operator L defined on smooth functions of x, y by L u := u xx + cosu linear? b Does the answer change if we replace the operator L by the operator
More informationMATH 121 FINAL EXAM FALL 2010-2011. December 6, 2010
MATH 11 FINAL EXAM FALL 010-011 December 6, 010 NAME: SECTION: Instructions: Show all work and mark your answers clearly to receive full credit. This is a closed notes, closed book exam. No electronic
More informationSection 11.1: Vectors in the Plane. Suggested Problems: 1, 5, 9, 17, 23, 25-37, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47, 50
Section 11.1: Vectors in the Plane Page 779 Suggested Problems: 1, 5, 9, 17, 3, 5-37, 40, 4, 44, 45, 47, 50 Determine whether the following vectors a and b are perpendicular. 5) a = 6, 0, b = 0, 7 Recall
More informationGeometric description of the cross product of the vectors u and v. The cross product of two vectors is a vector! u x v is perpendicular to u and v
12.4 Cross Product Geometric description of the cross product of the vectors u and v The cross product of two vectors is a vector! u x v is perpendicular to u and v The length of u x v is uv u v sin The
More information