Hawaii Annexation & Spanish American War
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1 Hawaii Annexation & Spanish American War
2 Hawaiian Monarchy King Kamehameha united the Hawaiian islands by the 1770s British explorer James Cook claimed the Hawaiian islands in 1778 (killed by native Hawaiians) 1820s American ships arrive and develop trade
3 US Involvement in Hawaii Background Hawaii s wealth had a lot to do with American-owned sugar plantations Foreigners outnumbered native Hawaiians 3:1 by Hawaiian Population at 300, s Americans began shipping and trade with Hawaii and brought disease 1893 Hawaiian Population at 40,000
4 Sugar As Americans came to the islands, sugar industry grew in Hawaii Before Hawaii, the Caribbean supplied sugar but was controlled by European countries 1880s Hawaiian population down, Companies brought in Chinese, Japanese, Philippines, and other Pacific Island workers By 1874 America controlled Hawaiian economy and sugar
5 James Dole American sugar tycoon Sanford Dole s cousin Started growing pineapples in Hawaii in 1901 By 1930, Dole supplied 90% of world s pineapples (today: South America & Hawaii)
6 Problems with Sugar 1875 US agrees to import sugar from Hawaii duty-free (tax free) Sugar production increased nine times 1890 McKinley Tariff eliminates duty-free status (sugar is now taxed) and Hawaiian sugar growers face competition in American market Plantation owners began to petition the US to add Hawaii to the US (annex)
7 Annexation King Kalakaua was influenced by the wealthy white business owners but died in His sister Liliuokalani wants to reestablish a Hawaii for Hawaiians Liliuokalani proposed removing property qualifications for voting White business owners began to organize a revolution. With the help from the U.S. Marines, the queen was overthrown
8 q
9 Annexation cont. Pres. Cleveland ordered queen back to throne but new press of Hawaii (Sanford B. Dole) refused In 1898, Pres. William McKinley would finally get Congress to annex Hawaii & it became US territory Hawaii became the 50 th state
10 Seward s Folly William Seward, Secretary of State, wanted to buy Alaska from Russia People thought it silly to buy baron land Alaska eventually would give US timber, minerals & oil.
11 Causes of Spanish- American War April July 1898 Splendid Little War 1) American business owners had lots of $ invested in Cuba s sugar & tobacco plantations (a Cuban gov t would be less hostile than Spanish) 2) Jose Marti Cuban poet & journalist launched a revolution in 1895 (damaged Am. Sugar plantations to try & get US involved) 3) Valeriano Butcher Weyler Spanish general who fought against Cuban revolution killed many Cubans. Made to look worse by yellow journalism 4) Cuban concentration camps for local people proved deadly. Future dictators borrow this technique (Hitler)
12 Causes of Spanish-American War 5) Yellow journalism Pulitzer (Statue of Liberty fundraiser guy) & Hearst exaggerated atrocities against Cubans. Made Americans want to get involved. You furnish the pictures and I ll furnish the war. 6) De Lome letter written by Spanish minister to US. Made Pres. McKinley look bad. Americans outraged 7) U.S.S. Maine battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor. Newspapers blamed Spain as the guilty party. Last straw for US.
13 USS MAINE Remember the Maine
14 U.S. Declares War and Attacked Cuba! War: April 25, 1898 August 12, 1898 US Congress declared war against Spain U.S ships and troops were already in place
15 Spains De LomeLetter This letter, written by the Spanish Ambassador to the United States, Enrique Duputy de Lôme, the Spanish Ambassador to the U.S. criticized American President William McKinley by calling him weakand concerned only with gaining the favor of the crowd. Publication of the letter helped generate public support for a war with Spain over the issue of independence for the Spanish colony of Cuba.
16 William Randolph Hearst William Randolph Hearst was an American newspaper publisher who built the nation s largest newspaper chain and whose methods profoundly influenced American journalism. New York Journal Yellow Journalism: He pushed for war with Spain 1898
17 Joseph Pulitzer Joseph Pulitzer, born Pulitzer József, was a Hungarian-American Jewish newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post Dispatch and the New York World. Pulitzer introduced the techniques of "new journalism" to the newspapers he acquired in the 1880s Led campaign to raise funds for the Statue of Liberty 1880s Against Big business and corruption in New York Became a Congressman Yellow Journalism competition with Hearst
18 Theodore Roosevelt & Rough Riders Battle of San Juan Hill, Cuba Rough Riders cavalry group led by Roosevelt attacked and beat the Spanish garrison Buffalo Soldiers and K-troop attacked and beat the Spanish in Cuba
19 Philippines Spain claimed the Philippines since the 1500s Commodore George Dewey sent to destroy the Spanish fleet in the Philippines if war broke out May 1, 1898, the Spanish fleet opened fire Dewey waited until they were in range (can t waste ammo since the nearest supply point was California American ships were modern with steel hulls and modern weapons Americans won without an injury and sunk the Spanish fleet
20 Modern US Navy destroyed the Spanish Fleets in Manila Bay, Philippine Islands Philippines Islands
21 Philippine American War This Battle of Manila marked the end of Filipino- American collaboration, as the American action of preventing Filipino forces from entering the captured city of Manila was deeply resented by the Filipinos. This later led to the Philippine American War August 1898 The U.S. sent a force of some 11,000 ground troops to the Philippines. Armed conflict broke out between U.S. forces and the Filipinos when U.S. troops began to take the place of the Spanish in control of the country after the end of the war
22
23 Treaty of Paris After heated debate, United States Congress approved the Treaty of Paris on February 6, 1899, by a two-thirds margin (57 to 27). The following day, President McKinley signed the treaty, and the United States officially controlled Spain's former colonies Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. With the Treaty of Paris, the United States emerged as an imperial power.
24 Teller Amendment 1898 April of 1898, Senator Henry M. Teller, of Colorado, proposed an amendment to the United States declaration of war against Spain, which stated that the United States would not establish permanent control over Cuba.
25 Platt Amendment Approved on May 22, 1903, Senator Orville Platt of Connecticut created the Platt Amendment which was a treaty between the U.S. and Cuba that attempted to protect Cuba's independence from foreign intervention. It permitted extensive U.S. involvement in Cuban international and domestic affairs for the enforcement of Cuban independence.
26 Platt Amendment
27 Effects of Spanish-American War Cuba gained independence Puerto Rico territory of US Guam territory of US Philippines sold to US for $20 million Platt Amendment (1901) Cuba must sell/lease land as US naval station Permit no other power to acquire Cuban terr. Would allow US intervention to protect Am. Citizens in Cuba. Spain lost it s colonial possessions from the 1500s and no more world power
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