Energy in Ireland. Key Statistics

Transcription

1 Energy in Ireland Key Statistics

2 Energy in Ireland Key Statistics 2015 Report prepared by Martin Howley, Mary Holland and Dr Denis Dineen December 2015 Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Reproduction of the contents is permissible provided the source is acknowledged

3 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 1 Table of Contents Introduction...3 Ireland Key Facts...4 Energy Flow Overall Energy Flow Transport Energy Flow Thermal Uses Energy Flow Electricity Generation CO 2 Emissions by Mode...9 Primary Energy and CO 2 Emissions per Capita...9 Total Primary Energy Requirement by Sector Total Primary Energy Requirement by Fuel Total Primary Energy Requirement by Sector...11 Total Primary Energy Requirement by Fuel...11 Primary Energy Related CO 2 by Sector Non-Emissions Trading Energy Related CO Primary Energy Related CO 2 by Sector...13 Non-Emissions Trading Scheme Energy Related CO 2 ( excl. ETS Industry)...13 Energy Balance Total Final Consumption by Sector Total Final Consumption by Fuel Total Final Consumption by Sector...17 Total Final Consumption by Fuel...17 CO 2 Emissions per kwh and Efficiency of Electrical Supply Primary Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation Electricity Supply Efficiency and CO 2 Intensity Primary Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation Indigenous Energy Production Imported Energy by Fuel Indigenous Production and Import Dependency Imported Energy by Fuel Renewable Energy Contribution to GFC Renewable Energy Contribution to Gross Electricity Consumption Renewable Energy Contribution to Gross Energy Renewable Electricity Contribution to GEC Renewable Energy Contribution to Thermal Energy (RES-H) Renewable Energy as a proportion of (petrol & diesel) Transport (RES-T) Progress towards Renewable Energy Targets Energy Efficiency in Ireland Industry, Transport and Households Energy Efficiency Indices Private Cars per 1,000 of Population Specific CO 2 Emissions of New Cars (2015 est) Calorific Values Emission Factors... 29

4 2 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland The Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland has a mission to play a leading role in transforming Ireland into a society based on sustainable energy structures, technologies and practices. To fulfil this mission SEAI aims to provide well-timed and informed advice to Government, and deliver a range of programmes efficiently and effectively, while engaging and motivating a wide range of stakeholders and showing continuing flexibility and innovation in all activities. SEAI s actions will help advance Ireland to the vanguard of the global green technology movement, so that Ireland is recognised as a pioneer in the move to decarbonised energy systems. Energy Policy Statistical Support Unit SEAI has a lead role in developing and maintaining comprehensive national and sectoral statistics for energy production, transformation and end use. This data is a vital input in meeting international reporting obligations, for advising policy makers and informing investment decisions. Based in Cork, EPSSU is SEAI s specialist statistics team. Its core functions are to: Collect, process and publish energy statistics to support policy analysis and development in line with national needs and international obligations; Conduct statistical and economic analyses of energy services sectors and sustainable energy options; Contribute to the development and promulgation of appropriate sustainability indicators.

5 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 3 Introduction This booklet presents a summary of the key points from a number of Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland s Energy Policy Statistical Support Unit reports. It is intended to provide a snapshot of key energy and energy related facts and figures for the period 1990 to 2014 with a particular focus on The full list of SEAI/ EPSSU reports is available from Timely and reliable energy statistics underpin evidence-based decision making. To this end, this publication presents a comprehensive overview of energy supply and demand in Ireland in order to inform Government policy and the wider energy debate. This booklet is based on data, compiled by SEAI s Energy Policy Statistical Support Unit, which is used to generate the annual energy balance and to fulfil Ireland s legal obligations under the EU Energy Statistics Regulation and reporting requirements to the International Energy Agency. The authors are grateful to the relevant Government Departments and Agencies, energy suppliers and distributors for the provision of this data. Energy balance data analysed in this report were frozen on 12 th October Balance data are updated whenever more accurate information is known. To obtain the most up-to-date balance figures, visit the statistics publications section of the SEAI website ( Data%20Publications/). A new Data Portal on this website links to interactive energy statistics, forecasts and other data developed by SEAI. A companion publication, Energy Statistics 2015 Report, is also available, presenting the background data for the analysis contained herein. Additionally, Energy in Ireland Key Statistics is available, which summaries Ireland s energy statistics in a concise pocket-sized booklet. It is intended that these publications serve as resources for policymakers, analysts and researchers with an interest in energy use in Ireland.

6 4 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Ireland Key Facts The estimated population of Ireland in 2011 was million persons (CSO). Gross domestic product in Ireland in 2014 was 189,046m in current prices (CSO). Ireland s economy grew by 5.2% in Primary energy demand fell by 0.5% to 13.3 Mtoe and energy-related CO 2 emissions decreased by 1.2% to 37 Mt. Consumption of all fuels fell in 2014 with the exception of peat, renewables and non-renewable wastes. Ireland s import dependency decreased to 85% in 2014 (from 89% in 2013). The cost of all energy imports to Ireland was approximately 5.7 billion, down from 6.5 billion (revised) in 2013 due mainly to falling oil and, to a lesser extent, gas import prices. Final consumption of electricity was almost static at 24 TWh with a 0.7% reduction in the fuel inputs. Electricity demand peaked in 2008 and has since returned to 2004 levels. Renewable electricity generation, consisting of wind, hydro, landfill gas, biomass and biogas, accounted for 22.7% of gross electricity consumption. The use of renewables in electricity generation in 2014 reduced CO 2 emissions by 2.6 Mt and avoided 255 million in fossil fuel imports. In 2014, wind generation accounted for 18.2% of electricity generated and as such was the second largest source of electricity generation after natural gas. The carbon intensity of electricity fell by 49% since 1990 to a new low of 457 g CO 2 /kwh in The contribution of renewables to gross final consumption (GFC) was 8.6% in This compares to a target of 16% to be achieved by This avoided 3.3 million tonnes of CO 2 emissions and 346 million of fossil fuel imports. The average emissions of new cars purchased in 2014 was g CO 2 /km, which is below the EU target for car manufacturers of 130 g CO 2 /km to be reached by Energy-related CO 2 emissions in those sectors outside the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (which covers transport, heating in households, buildings and small industry) were 21% below 2005 levels in 2014.

7 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 5 Energy Flow Overall 2014 Wind 442 ktoe Oil 6,249 ktoe Hydro 61 ktoe Natural Gas 3,721 ktoe Coal 1,262 ktoe Biomass, Other Renewables and Wastes 581 ktoe Electricity Imports (net) 185 ktoe Total Primary Energy Requirement 13,270 ktoe Natural Gas Oil Refining own use/loss 71 ktoe 64 ktoe Electricity Briquetting 13 ktoe Total Final Consumption 10,833 ktoe Transformation & Transmission Losses 2,222 ktoe Transport 4,522 ktoe Peat 768 ktoe Agriculture & Residential 2,539 ktoe Fisheries 230 ktoe Industry 2,291 ktoe Services 1,251 ktoe Note: Some statistical differences exist between inputs and outputs The above sankey diagram shows the energy balance for Ireland in 2014 as a flow diagram. This illustrates clearly the significance of each of the fuel inputs as well as showing how much energy is lost in transformation. The main points are as follows: Overall primary energy use fell by 0.5% in Consumption of all fuels fell in 2014 with the exception of peat, renewables and non-renewable wastes. Coal use fell by 4.6% and its share fell back to 9.5% in 2014 from 9.9% in Peat use grew by 6.2% and its share of overall energy use was 5.8% in Oil continues to be the dominant energy source and had a 47% share in 2014 the same as in Natural gas use fell in 2014 by 3.1% to 3,721 ktoe and its share of TPER was 28%. Total renewable energy increased by 13.3% during 2014 to 1,021 ktoe. All forms of renewable energy experienced growth with hydro, wind and biomass growing by 18.2%, 13.2% and 13.9% respectively. The overall share of renewables in primary energy stood at 7.7% in Energy from non-renewable wastes increased by 9.1% in 2014 to 63 ktoe following a 32% increase in Electricity imports (net) fell by 4.2% to 185 ktoe in The interconnector to the UK came on stream in 2013.

8 6 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Energy Flow Transport 2014 Kerosene 754 ktoe Diesel 2,538 ktoe Biofuels 116 ktoe Electricity Generation & Refining Losses 47 ktoe Fuel Tourism 321 ktoe Unspecified 142 ktoe Transport Final Consumption 4,522 ktoe Petrol 1,143 ktoe Electricity Fuel Inputs 7 ktoe LPG 2 ktoe Rail 38 ktoe Navigation 72 ktoe Note: Some statistical differences exist between inputs and outputs Public Passenger 153 ktoe Road Freight 621 ktoe Light Goods Vehicle 303 ktoe Aviation 749 ktoe Road (Private Car) 2,122 ktoe Ireland s transport sector energy balance for 2014 is presented above as an energy flow diagram. The main points are as follows: Transport energy demand, which was responsible for a third of total energy use in Ireland, grew by 4% in Over half of all transport energy consists of diesel (56%). Biofuels in use transport in 2014 amounted to 116 ktoe. Renewable energy in transport (RES-T) reached 3.1% in 2014, or 5.2% when weightings are applied to biofuels from waste and second generation biofuels. Ireland s target is 10% by Petrol consumption in transport was at 1.1 Mtoe in 2014, a fall of 5.3% on the previous year. Diesel consumption in transport was 2.5 Mtoe in 2014, an increase of 6.4% on the previous year. Diesel consumption grew by 273% between 1990 and Road transport accounted for 71% of transport final energy consumption in 2014 (78%) if unspecified and fuel tourism is included).

9 Total Primary Energy 4,300 ktoe Total Final Energy 4,238 ktoe Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 7 Energy Flow Thermal Uses 2014 Renewables 280 ktoe Wastes 38 ktoe Oil 1,783 ktoe Own Use/Refining loss 60 ktoe Residential 1,876 ktoe Natural Gas 1,659 ktoe Coal 326 ktoe Peat 214 ktoe Agriculture 182 ktoe Note: Some statistical differences and rounding errors exist between inputs and outputs. Services 679 ktoe Industry 1,483 ktoe The above presents Ireland s thermal energy balance for 2014 as an energy flow diagram. Thermal energy here is defined as energy used for space, process and water heating and also for cooking etc. It is calculated as the residual energy requirement when energy use from transport and electricity generation are subtracted from the total. The main points are as follows: Energy use for thermal purposes accounted for 32% of total primary energy supply in 2014 and 39% of final energy demand. Oil is the dominant fuel accounting for 41% of fuel inputs in Renewable energy contribution to thermal energy (RES-H) was 6.5% in Ireland s target for 2020 is 12%. On the right of it can be seen that the residential sector accounts for the largest share of final thermal energy usage (44%) in 2014, followed by industry (35%), services (16%) and agriculture (4%). Final energy use in buildings, the bulk of which is thermal energy, fell by 6.6% in 2014 and accounted for 27% of final demand. When corrected for weather, the fall was 0.1% in 2014.

10 8 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Energy Flow Electricity Generation 2014 Electricity Imports 185 ktoe Natural Gas 1,973 ktoe Wind 442 ktoe Hydro 61 ktoe Primary Energy Input 4,365 ktoe Landfill Gas, Biomass, Biogas & Wastes 152 ktoe Transformation, Own Use and Transmission Losses 2,222 ktoe Final Consumption 2,076 ktoe Coal 942 ktoe Fuel Oil Peat Gasoil & Transport 47 ktoe 550 ktoe Refinery Gas 3 ktoe 13 ktoe Agriculture 48 ktoe Note: Some statistical differences and rounding errors exist between inputs and outputs Own Use / Transmission Loss 262 ktoe Electricity Transformation Loss 1,960 ktoe Industry 808 ktoe Residential Services 663 ktoe 554 ktoe The above shows graphically the flow of energy in electricity generation for Primary fuel inputs on the left totalled 4,365 ktoe, 33% of total primary energy supply in Consumption of electricity by final consumers accounted for less than one fifth (19%) of total final energy demand. The relative size of the useful final electricity consumption to the energy lost in transformation and transmission is striking. These losses represent 51% of the energy inputs. Natural gas was the dominant fuel in 2014 responsible for 45% of total primary input to electricity generation, followed by coal, accounting for 22% of the fuel mix. In 2014, renewables accounted for 14.5% of the energy inputs to generate electricity with wind contributing 10.1% of total inputs. Wind generation grew by 13.2% in The industry sector accounts for the largest share of electricity usage (39%) in 2014, followed by residential (32%), services (27%), and agriculture (2.3%). Energy inputs to electricity generation fell by 0.7% in 2014 while at the same time final consumption of electricity decreased by 0.3%.

11 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 9 CO 2 Emissions by Mode Mt CO Transport Electricity Thermal From 1990 to 2014, total energy-related CO 2 emissions increased by 17% (0.7% per annum on average). Transport recorded the largest increase at 120% (3.3% per annum) over the period. Transport share of energy-related CO 2 emissions was 37% in Primary Energy and CO 2 Emissions per Capita MWh/capita Primary Energy per Capita 45 (MWh/capita) tonnes CO₂/capita Over the period 1990 to 2014 primary energy per capita increased by 6.3% to 33 MWh while energy-related CO 2 emissions per capita fell by 10.7% to 8.0 tonnes. This reflects the switch from the use of solid fuels to oil, gas and renewable energy. tonnes CO 2 /capita

12 10 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Total Primary Energy Requirement by Sector Agriculture Commercial/Public Services Residential Transport Industry Mtoe Over the period primary energy increased by 40% while the economy grew by 198%. Since 2005, primary energy decreased by 16% to 1999 levels while the economy returned to 2007 levels. In 2014 Ireland s primary energy requirement fell by 1.2% to 13.3 Mtoe. Total Primary Energy Requirement by Fuel Net Electricity Import/Export Renewables Natural Gas Oil Peat Coal Mtoe Consumption of all fuels fell in 2014 with the exception of peat, renewables and non-renewable wastes.

13 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 11 Total Primary Energy Requirement by Sector Total Primary Energy Requirement (ktoe) Shares % Industry 2,524 3,768 3,608 3,264 3,164 3,135 3, Transport 2,054 4,161 5,179 4,660 4,205 4,396 4, Residential 2,995 3,522 3,920 4,239 3,610 3,555 3, Services 1,504 2,228 2,641 2,268 2,009 1,923 1, Agri/Fishery Total 9,497 13,780 15,828 14,755 13,457 13,339 13,270 Transport experienced an increase in primary energy use in 2014 of 4.1% to 4,576 ktoe. Transport primary energy use had fallen by 28% between 2007 and Transport remains the largest energy consuming sector with a 35% share of primary energy in Industry primary energy increased by 2.4% in 2014 to 3,210 ktoe. Industry s share of primary energy was 24% in Overall, primary energy use in buildings had increased by 16% since 1990 (0.6% per annum) and in 2014 it fell by 5.5% to 5,179 ktoe. Total Primary Energy Requirement by Fuel Total Primary Energy Requirement (ktoe) Shares % Coal 2,085 1,815 1,886 1,241 1,493 1,323 1, Peat 1, Oil 4,422 7,859 9,130 7,294 6,246 6,300 6, Natural Gas 1,446 3,059 3,477 4,701 4,033 3,841 3, Renewables , Wastes Elect. Imp Total 9,497 13,780 15,828 14,716 13,457 13,339 13,270 Fossil fuels accounted for 90% of all energy used in Ireland in 2014, excluding the embodied fossil fuel content of imported electricity. Demand for fossil fuels fell by 1.5% in 2014 to 12,001 ktoe and has fallen 21% since 2005.

14 12 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Primary Energy Related CO 2 by Sector Mt CO Agriculture Services Residential Transport Industry Energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2014 were 17% higher than 1990 levels. Energy-related CO 2 emissions (excluding aviation) fell by 1.2% in 2014 compared with Non-Emissions Trading Energy Related CO Target: 20% below 2005 level Mt CO Industry non-ets (2005 on) Agriculture Services Residential Transport Target Non-Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) sectors (including non-ets industry) energy-related CO 2 emissions fell by 1.5% per annum between 2005 and 2010, fell by 3.8% per annum between 2010 and 2014 and fell by 1.4% in 2014.

15 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 13 Primary Energy Related CO 2 by Sector Energy-related CO 2 Emissions (ktco 2 ) Shares % Industry 7,899 11,378 10,519 8,732 8,366 7,924 7, Transport 6,043 12,335 15,293 13,566 12,330 12,815 13, Residential 10,764 11,156 11,843 12,127 10,354 9,933 9, Services 4,817 6,748 7,764 6,059 5,386 4,871 4, Agri/Fishery 1,133 1,373 1,414 1, The most significant area of growth overall since 1990 was in the transport sector, where CO 2 emissions in 2014 were 120% higher than those in 1990 (3.3% average annual growth rate). Transport emissions in 2014 grew by 3.9%. Non-Emissions Trading Scheme Energy Related CO 2 ( excl. ETS Industry) Energy-related CO 2 Emissions (ktco 2 ) Transport 6,029 12,315 15,256 13,542 12,307 12,796 13,291 Residential 7,052 6,243 7,070 7,594 6,055 6,227 5,586 Services 2,311 2,440 2,385 2,259 2,061 1,902 1,729 Industry (excl ETS industry) : : 1,602 1, Agri/Fishery , Total 16,052 21,820 27,318 25,285 21,802 21,983 21,681 The emissions trading sector has experienced a 27% fall in energy-related emissions since 2005 and emissions increased by 5% in 2014 compared with the previous year. The share of emissions covered in the ETS in overall energyrelated emissions stands at 40% in 2014.

16 14 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Energy Balance Units = ktoe COAL PEAT OIL Kerosene Fueloil Gasoline Indigenous Production Imports 1, ,912 1, Exports , Marine Bunkers Stock Change Primary Energy Req ment 1, ,249 1, Transformation Input , Transformation Output , Exchanges & Transfers Own use & losses Total Final Consumption ,165 1, ,134 Industry Non-Energy Mining Food and beverages Textiles and textile products Wood and wood products Pulp, paper, etc Chemicals Rubber and plastic products Other non-metallic minerals Basic metals & fabr. metals Machinery and equip. n.e.c Electrical & optical equip Transport equipment Other manufacturing Transport - - 4, ,134 Road Freight Light Goods Vehicle (LGV) Road Private Car - - 2, ,043 Public Passenger Services Rail Domestic Aviation International Aviation Fuel Tourism Navigation Unspecified Residential Services Agricultural Fisheries Statistical Difference

17 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 15 Gasoil/ Other RENE- GAS Diesel Oil WABLES Wastes ELEC TOTAL Units = ktoe ,048 Indigenous Production 2,189 3,155 3, ,106 Imports ,478 Exports Marine Bunkers Stock Change 2,066 3,025 3,721 1, ,270 Primary Energy Req ment 8 2,820 2, ,713 Transformation Input 1, ,760 4,775 Transformation Output Exchanges & Transfers Own use & losses 3, , ,076 10,833 Total Final Consumption ,291 Industry Non-Energy Mining Food and beverages Textiles and textile products Wood and wood products Pulp, paper, etc Chemicals Rubber and plastic products Other non-metallic mineral Basic metals and fabricated Machinery & equip. n.e.c Electrical & optical equip Transport equipment Other manufacturing 2, ,522 Transport Road Freight Light Goods Vehicle (LGV) 1, ,122 Road Private Car Public Passenger Services Rail Domestic Aviation International Aviation Fuel Tourism Navigation Unspecified ,539 Residential ,251 Services Agricultural Fisheries Statistical Difference

18 16 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Total Final Consumption by Sector Agriculture Commercial/Public Services Residential Transport Industry Mtoe Ireland s TFC in 2013 was 10.8 Mtoe, 0.4% lower than in 2013 and 49% above 1990 levels. Final energy use in transport grew in 2014 by 4.0% and industry final energy grew by 3.1%. These sectors energy use is closely coupled with economic growth. Residential final energy use fell by 8.1% in 2014 and services final energy fell by 3.6%. Total Final Consumption by Fuel Renewables Electricity Natural Gas Oil Peat Coal Mtoe

19 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 17 Total Final Consumption by Sector Total Final Consumption (ktoe) Shares % Industry 1,720 2,549 2,633 2,261 2,175 2,223 2, Transport 2,019 4,103 5,082 4,597 4,172 4,348 4, Residential 2,258 2,504 2,940 3,270 2,726 2,762 2, Services 1,001 1,304 1,569 1,472 1,332 1,297 1, Agri./Fish Total 7,249 10,814 12,607 11,894 10,679 10,878 10,833 Energy use in transport grew in 2014 by 4.0% to 4.5 Mtoe. Final energy use in the residential sector fell by 8.1% in 2014 to 2.5 Mtoe. Total Final Consumption by Fuel Total Final Consumption (ktoe) Shares % Coal Peat Oil 3,952 7,047 8,196 7,162 6,093 6,209 6, Natural Gas 570 1,203 1,367 1,596 1,627 1,634 1, Renewables Wastes Electricity 1,021 1,745 2,094 2,186 2,078 2,081 2, Total 7,249 10,814 12,607 11,894 10,679 10,878 10,833 All fuels use, with the exception of renewables and non-renewable wastes, fell in final consumption in Energy from renewable sources experienced the largest increase in 2014 growing by 14.7% to 396 ktoe. Final consumption of coal fell by 8.2% in 2014 to 326 ktoe. Its share of final use in 2013 was at 3.0%.

20 18 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS CO 2 Emissions per kwh and Efficiency of Electrical Supply % 50% 45% kg CO 2 /kwh % % Electricity CO₂ per kwh % Efficiency of Electricity Supply (%) % The efficiency of electricity supply increased to 49.1% in 2014 while emissions from electricity generation fell to a record low of 457 g CO 2 /kwh. Primary Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation Mtoe Electricity (net imports) Renewables Natural Gas Gasoil Fuel Oil Peat Coal Natural gas remains the dominant fuel in electricity generation with its share at 45% in 2014, down from 55% in Electricity generated from renewables increased by 12.6% in 2014.

21 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 19 Electricity Supply Efficiency and CO 2 Intensity Electricity Supply Increase % Per annum Efficiency 33.2% 35.6% 40.8% 44.5% 45.6% 48.4% 49.1% 47.8% 1.6 Intensity (g CO 2 /kwh) % -2.8 During 2014 the efficiency increased to 49.1% due increased wind (+13.2%, or 51 ktoe) and hydro (+18.2%, or 9 ktoe) on the system. Primary Fuel Mix for Electricity Generation Fuels used in electricity generation (ktoe) Shares % Coal 1,245 1,430 1, , Peat Oil 343 1, Natural Gas 843 1,828 2,044 3,025 2,269 2,098 1, Renewables Wastes Electricity Imports Total 3,094 4,914 5,112 4,929 4,623 4,395 4,365 Overall fuel inputs into electricity generation fell by 0.7% in 2014, to 4,365 ktoe, while final consumption of electricity fell slightly, by 0.3%, to 2,076 ktoe (or 24,135 GWh). Renewable energy use for electricity generation increased its share from 1.9% to 14.5% between 1990 and In 2014 there was a 12.6% increase in renewables contribution to the electricity fuel mix due to the increased contribution from hydro, wind and biomass. Wind contribution to electricity generation grew by 13.2% in 2014, hydro grew by 18% and other renewables, in the form of landfill gas, biogas, renewable wastes, grew by 8.1%.

22 20 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Indigenous Energy Production Mtoe Renewables 3.5 Coal Peat 3.0 Gas Indigenous production peaked in 1995 at 4,105 ktoe and there has been a 50% reduction since then to 2,048 ktoe. Renewable energy in contrast increased by 431% to 891 ktoe. Imported Energy by Fuel Electricity Gas Oil Coal Import Dependency 100% 80% Mtoe % 40% 20% 0 0% The decrease in indigenous production has coincided with the increase in imported energy. Over the period 1990 to 2014 there was an 69% increase of total net imports with a 32% increase in net imports of oil and as a result Ireland s overall import dependency was 85% in 2014.

23 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 21 Indigenous Production and Import Dependency Indigenous Production (ktoe) Shares % Coal Peat 1, , Natural Gas 1, Renewables Wastes Total 3,471 2,161 1,655 1,825 1,288 2,282 2,048 Import Dependency % Import Dependency Increase % Per annum % 0.9% In 2014, overall indigenous energy production fell by 10.3%. Indigenous production of renewables was up by 13% compared with Gas production fell by 15% Imported Energy by Fuel Net Imported Energy (ktoe) Shares % Coal 1,992 1,692 1, ,338 1,485 1, Peat Briq Oil 4,912 8,198 9,680 7,712 6,494 6,827 6, Natural Gas - 2,483 3,016 4,487 3,846 3,717 3, Electricity Renewables Total 6,899 12,373 14,763 13,276 11,784 12,328 11,628 Net imported energy fell by 5.7% in 2014.

24 22 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Renewable Energy Contribution to GFC % 8.0% 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% Solar Geothermal Liquid Biofuels Biomass Biogas Landfill Gas Wind (normalised) Hydro (normalised) 0.0% The target for Ireland in the European Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC) is 16% share of renewable energy in the final consumption by The share in 2014 was 8.6%, up from 7.6% in Renewable Energy Contribution to Gross Electricity Consumption 25% 20% 15% Biomass Biogas Landfill Gas Wind (normalised) Hydro (normalised) 10% 5% 0% The contribution from renewable energy to gross electrical consumption (normalised) in 2014 was 22.7% (20.8% in 2013). The target for 2020 is 40%. Installed capacity of wind generation was 2,211 MW as of the end of 2014.

25 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 23 Renewable Energy Contribution to Gross Energy Renewable Contribution to Gross Energy (ktoe) Shares % Hydro Wind Solid Biomass Landfill Gas Biogas Biofuels Solar Geothermal Total ,021 Share of GFC 2.3% 1.9% 2.8% 5.7% 7.1% 7.6% 8.6% Note that solid biomass refers to wood, wood wastes and other wastes (such as tallow). Solid biomass accounted for the largest share of renewable energy until 2008 when wind energy exceeded it becoming the dominant renewable energy source. Renewable Electricity Contribution to GEC Renewables electricity generated (GWh) Shares % Hydro* Wind* ,110 3,123 4,215 4,607 5, Solid Biomass Landfill Gas Biogas Solar Total 753 1,151 2,001 4,192 5,414 5,826 6,398 Share of GEC 5.3% 4.8% 7.2% 14.5% 19.5% 20.8% 22.7% *Hydro and wind normalised for climatic variations The total renewable contribution to Ireland s gross electricity consumption increased by 816% over the period 1990 to 2014.

26 24 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Renewable Energy Contribution to Thermal Energy (RES-H) 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Biomass Biogas Solar Geothermal Between 2000 and 2014 RES-H grew from 2.6 % to 6.6%. Renewable Energy as a proportion of (petrol & diesel) Transport (RES-T) 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Biofuels Share Weighted Biofuels Share In absolute terms, biofuels in transport increased from 1 ktoe in 2005 (0.03%) to 116 ktoe in 2014 (3.1%). When double certification is taken into account the share of biofuels in transport was 5.2% in 2014.

27 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 25 Progress towards Renewable Energy Targets 2014 Biomass, Other Renewables & Wastes 581 ktoe Oil 6,249 ktoe Natural Gas 3,721 ktoe Wind 442 ktoe RE = 7.7% of TPER Hydro 61 ktoe Electricity Imports (net) 185 ktoe Total Primary Energy Requirement 13,270 ktoe Coal 1,262 ktoe Peat 768 ktoe Note: Some statistical differences exist between inputs and outputs. RES-E Normalised wind and hydro. RES-T adjusted to account for double certificates Briquetting 13 ktoe Total Final Consumption 10,833 ktoe Natural Gas own use / loss 64 ktoe Oil Refining 71 ktoe Electricity Transformation 2,222 ktoe RE Directive = 8.6% of GFC RES-E 22.7% Gross Electricity 2,405 ktoe RES-H 6.6% RES-T 5.2% Thermal 4,239 ktoe Aviation 745 ktoe Transport (excl. Aviation) 3,777 ktoe Renewable energy accounted for 7.7% of total primary energy requirement in Total renewable energy amounted to 1,021 ktoe in Electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E) represented 22.7% (normalised) of gross electricity consumption in 2014 or 550 ktoe (6,398 GWh) in absolute terms. 6.6% of energy used for thermal purposes came from renewable energy in This was 280 ktoe in absolute terms. 3.1% of petrol and diesel use in transport came from renewable energy sources or 117 ktoe in absolute terms in When weightings are applied to biofuels from waste and second generation biofuels the renewable transport is 5.2%. Gross final consumption (Directive 2009/28/EC) of renewables in 2014 amounted to 946 ktoe (wind and hydro normalised) and represented 8.6% of gross final consumption.

28 26 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Energy Efficiency in Ireland 100 Index 1995 = Overall Energy Efficiency Index (Observed) Energy efficiency is defined as a ratio between an output of performance, service, goods or energy and an input of energy. Essentially improvements in energy efficiency enable achievement of the same result with less energy or achieving an improved performance with the same energy. For a more detailed discussion on energy efficiency in Ireland see the SEAI s Energy Efficiency in Ireland 2009 Report 1. The energy-efficiency indicators presented in this report are updated to 2014 figures. Two efficiency indicators for Ireland are presented for the period 1995 to The observed index shows that between 1995 and 2014 there was an 9% decrease, which indicates a 9% improvement in energy efficiency. To separate out the influence of behavioural factors, a technical index is calculated and used to better assess the technical energy-efficiency progress. Technical efficiency improved by 11% from 1995 to Technical efficiency gains arise from the use of more energy-efficient technologies whereas behavioural gains are the result of how technologies are used. The difference between the observed and technical indicators is the influence of behavioural effects, i.e. Ireland would have achieved the greater improvement in energy efficiency but for the increases in energy usage due to behaviour. It is important to note that behavioural effects can also be beneficial for example, the purchase of more efficient technologies or improvements in insulation. 1 Available from

29 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 27 Industry, Transport and Households Energy Efficiency Indices Index 1995 = Industry Transport Households The industry intensity at constant structure deteriorated by 19% between 1995 and The transport observed ODEX fell by 6.4% over the period The residential observed ODEX decreased by 39% over the period, indicating an improvement in energy efficiency. As the ODEX is a top-down energy efficiency indicator it provides a measurement for gross energy efficiency savings but cannot be linked directly to specific energy efficiency measures or programmes. In industry an index of intensity at constant structure is the preferred measure of energy efficiency in Ireland.

30 28 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS Private Cars per 1,000 of Population Cars Per 1, Private Cars Per 1,000 Population: EU 27 Average (2010) = 477 UK (2013) = Source: Eurostat and DG TREN Ireland cars per 1,000 Population Ireland cars per 1,000 Adults In 2014 the number of licensed private cars on the road increased by 1.8% to a new peak of 1,943,868 exceeding the 2008 numbers by 1.1% Specific CO 2 Emissions of New Cars (2015 est) g CO 2 /km The average specific emissions from new passenger cars purchased in Ireland in 2014 were g CO 2 /km, down from 164 g CO 2 /km in This has already met the target of 130 g CO 2 /km set by the EU Decision (443/2009) for 2015.

31 Energy in Ireland KEY STATISTICS 29 Calorific Values Fuel Net Calorific Value toe/t Net Calorific Value MJ/t Crude Oil ,814 Gasoline (petrol) ,589 Kerosene ,196 Jet Kerosene ,100 Gasoil / Diesel ,308 Residual Fuel Oil (heavy oil) ,236 Milled Peat ,787 Sod Peat ,105 Peat Briquettes ,548 Coal ,842 Liquefied Petroleum Gas ,156 Petroleum Coke ,084 Conversion Factor Conversion Factor Electricity 86 toe/gwh 3.6 TJ/GWh Emission Factors t CO 2 /TJ (NCV) g CO 2 /kwh (NCV) Motor Spirit (Gasoline) Jet Kerosene Other Kerosene Gas/Diesel Oil Residual Oil LPG Naphta Petroleum Coke Coal Milled Peat Sod Peat Peat Briquettes Natural Gas Electricity (2014)

32 Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Energy Policy Statistical Support Unit Building 2100 Cork Airport Business Park Co. Cork Ireland t f e epssu@seai.ie w Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland Wilton Park House Wilton Place Dublin 2 Ireland t f e info@seai.ie w The Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland is financed by Ireland s EU Structural Funds Programme co-funded by the Irish Government and the European Union