Population, Health, and Human Well-Being-- India

Transcription

1 Population, Health, and Human Well-Being-- EarthTrends Country Profiles Demographic and Health Indicators Total Population (in thousands of people) ,561 1,331,635 2,519, ,41,144 3,493,424 6,211, (projected) 1,351,81 4,345,549 7,936,741 Population Density (people per square km), 2: Average Annual Population Growth Rate, Total 1.9% 1.6% 1.6% In rural areas 1.6%.9%.9% In urban areas 3.% 3.1% 2.4% Percentage of Population: Under age 15, 22 33% 29% 29% Over age 65, 22 5% 6% 7% Living in Urban Areas, 2 28% 35% 47% Average Total Fertility Rate {a} Infant Mortality Rate {b}, Under-Five Mortality Rate {b}, 2 96 X 83 Life Expectancy at birth (years), 2-5 Female Male Births Attended by Trained Personnel, {c} 42% X 57% Adults and Children Infected with HIV/AIDS, 21 (number) 3,97, 6,15,94 4,, Percent of Adults Ages infected with HIV or AIDS, 21.8%.4% 1.2% Number of Children Orphaned by AIDS since the beginning of epidemic, 21 X X 14,, Safe Water and Sanitation {c} Access to Improved Sanitation, 2 Urban 61% 7% 85% Rural 15% 31% 4% Years Thousands of People Population by Age Group,, ,6, 1,4, 1,2, 1,, 8, 6, 4, 2, <15 years years >65 years Life Expectancy, World EarthTrends 23. All rights reserved. Fair use is permitted on a limited scale and for educational purposes. page 1

2 Population, Health, and Human Well-Being-- Safe Water and Sanitation {c} Access to an Improved Water Source, 2 Urban 95% 94% 95% Rural 79% 74% 71% School Enrollment and Literacy {c} Net Primary School Enrollment, both sexes 198 X X X {c} 77% X X Net Secondary School Enrollment, {c} Female 32% X X Male 47% X X Gross Tertiary School Enrollment, {c} 7% X X Adult Literacy Rate, 22 Female 47% 66% 75% Male 7% 82% 86% Youth Literacy Rate (ages 15-24), both sexes % 76% 8% 22 74% 85% 87% Percent Literacy Rate for Adults over the age of 15,, Women Men Other Resources: Country Profiles of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Economic Situation: Footnotes: a. Total fertility rate is an estimate of the number of children an average woman would have if current age-specific fertility rates remain constant during her reproductive years. b. In deaths per 1, live births. Infant mortality rate refers to children under one year of age. c. Data are for the most recent year within the range specified. EarthTrends 23. All rights reserved. Fair use is permitted on a limited scale and for educational purposes. page 2

3 Economic Indicators -- EarthTrends Country Profiles Gross Domestic Product, 2 GDP in million constant 1995 US dollars 466,682 8,913,75 34,19,9 GDP PPP (million current international dollars) {a} 2,395,376 14,443,434 44,913,91 Gross National Income (PPP, in million current international dollars), 2 {a} 2,375,398 14,332,825 44,458,52 GDP per capita, 2 in 1995 US dollars 463 2,67 5,632 in current international dollars 2,374 4,327 7,416 Average annual growth in GDP, Total 5% 3% 3% Per capita 4% 1% 1% Percent of GDP earned by: Agriculture, 2 25% X X Industry, 2 27% X X Services, 2 48% X X International Trade Trade in Goods and Services (million current $US) Imports, 2 75, ,978 X Exports, 2 63, ,412 X Exports as a percent of GDP, 2 14% X X Balance of Trade, 2 (million current $US) -11,892 X X Millions of Dollars Gross Domestic Product,, ,5, 2,, 1,5, 1,, 5, million constant US$ million $intl (PPP) GDP per capita, , Official Development Assistance (ODA ) and Financial Flows ODA in million US dollars, {b} 1,529 X 59,73 ODA per capita in US dollars, {b} Current Account Balance (million $US), 2-2,915 X X Total external debt, million $US, {b} 98,286 X X Debt service as a % of export earnings, {b} 23.5% X X Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows (million current $US), 2 2,315 71,197 X International Tourism Receipts, (million $US) 2,98 X X Constant 1995 US dollars 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, EarthTrends 23. All rights reserved. Fair use is permitted on a limited scale and for educational purposes. page 1

4 Economic Indicators -- National Savings (as a percent of Gross National Income) Gross National Savings, 2 24% 3% 23% Net National Savings, 2 14% 17% X Adjusted Net Savings, 2 12% 19% X Income Distribution (years vary) Gini coefficient (=perfect equality; 1=perfect inequality) 38 X X Percent of total income earned by the richest 2% of the population: 46.1% X X Percent of total income earned by the poorest 2% of the population: 8.1% X X National Poverty Rate 35.% X X Poverty Rate, Urban Population 3.5% X X Percent of population living on less than $1 a day 44.2% X X Percent of population living on less than $2 a day 86.2% X X Other Resources: Country Profiles of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Economic Situation: Percent of Total Income Allocation of GDP by Sector,, 2 25% 48% Agriculture Industry 26% Services Distribution of Income, poorest Quintile of Population richest a. Data are in international dollars, adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP rates provide a standard measure allowing comparison of real price levels between countries. b. Data are averaged for the range of years listed. EarthTrends 23. All rights reserved. Fair use is permitted on a limited scale and for educational purposes. page 2

5 Climate and Atmosphere-- EarthTrends Country Profiles Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions {a} (in thousand metric tons of CO2) Total Emissions, ,61,5 7,36,942 24,215,376 Percent change since % 38% 8% Emissions as a percent of global CO2 production 4.4% 3.4% Emissions in 1998 from: solid fuels 714,879 4,2,885 8,654,368 liquid fuels 251,548 2,34,231 1,16,272 gaseous fuels 49,1 58,898 4,47,8 gas flaring 3,257 22, ,28 cement manufacturing 42, , ,448 24% CO2 Emissions by Source,, % % 4% Solid Fuels 67% Liquid Fuels Gaseous Fuels Gas Flaring Cement Manufacturing Per capita CO2 emissions, 1998 (thousand metric tons of CO2) Percent change since % 19% -2% CO2 emissions (in metric tons) per million dollars Gross Domestic Product {b}, ,441 X 773 Percent change since 199 2% X -1% Cumulative CO2 emissions, (in billion metric tons) 18, , ,686 CO2 Emissions by Sector, 1999 {c} (in million metric tons of CO2) Public electricity, heat production, and autoproducers 464 2,697 8,693 Other Energy Industries ,25 Manufacturing Industries and Construction 25 1,915 4,337 Transportation ,55 Residential ,82 Other Sectors {d} ,64 Total Emissions All Sectors: 883 6,918 27,18 CO2 Intensity, 1999 Emissions per total energy consumption (metric tons CO2 per terajoule energy) Emissions per Gross Domestic Product {e} (metric tons of CO2/million $PPP) thousand metric tons of CO Per Capita CO2 Emissions: 195, 1975 and % 23% CO2 Emissions by Sector,, % 1% 2% 54% Middle East) World Electricity and Heat Production Other Energy Industries Manufacturing and Construction Transportation Residences Other Sectors EarthTrends 23. All rights reserved. Fair use is permitted on a limited scale and for educational purposes. page 1

6 Atmosphere and Climate-- Non-CO2 Air Pollution, thousand metric tons Sulfur dioxide emissions, ,484 55, ,875 Nitrogen oxide emissions, ,347 28,962 99,271 Carbon monoxide emissions, ,99 258, ,415 Non-methane VOC emissions {f}, ,124 42,36 159,634 Multilateral Agreements Status as of September 22 Data show the year each country ratified the agreement, unless labeled as "signed only". Kyoto Protocol 22 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 1993 Vienna Convention 1991 Other Resources: Sustainable Development Country Profile of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Index Value (196=1) CO2 emissions: Relative Trends,, total 197 per capita 198 per dollar 199 of GDP 2 Footnotes: Some footnotes are not incorporated here. Please refer to the Data Tables section of EarthTrends for a full listing. a. Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). b. Constant US dollars. c. Source: International Energy Agency (IEA). d. Includes the commercial sector, agriculture, the public service sector, and international bunkers e. GDP is in 1995 international dollars, adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity. f. VOC: Volatile Organic Compounds. EarthTrends 23. All rights reserved. Fair use is permitted on a limited scale and for educational purposes. page 2

7 Energy and Resources-- EarthTrends Country Profiles Energy Production and Consumption (in thousand metric tons of oil equivalent) {a} Total energy production, 2 421,565 2,435,747 1,77,984 % change since 198 9% 18% 37% Energy imports, ,162 1,76,15 9,521,56 Energy exports, , ,653 3,419,14 Total energy consumption {b}, ,418 2,919,333 9,72,786 Electricity consumption, ,529 26,92 1,4,77 Energy consumption per capita, % change since % 13% % Energy consumption per GDP {c}, 1999: % change since % -14% -13% Index Value (1971=1) Energy Consumption: Relative trends,, Energy Consumption by Source, 1999 (in thousand metric tons oil equivalent) Total Fossil Fuels 271,86 2,175,366 7,689,47 Coal and coal products 157,169 1,13,218 2,278,524 Crude oil and natural gas liquids 79, ,93 3,563,84 Natural gas 2, ,374 2,12,559 Nuclear 3,49 117, ,91 Hydroelectric 7,4 44, ,223 Renewables, excluding hydroelectric: 198,17 578,643 1,97,889 Primary solid biomass (includes fuelwood) 198,18 561,751 1,35,139 Biogas and liquid biomass 1,276 14,931 Geothermal. 14,658 43,82 Solar ,217 Wind ,748 Tide, wave, and ocean. 53 Energy Consumption by Sector, 1999 (in thousand metric tons of oil equivalent) Industry 97, ,92 2,14,474 Transportation 44, ,749 1,755,55 Agriculture 9,741 64, ,287 Commercial & public services 2,737 11, ,555 Residential 2, ,518 1,845,475 Non-energy uses and "other" consumption 5,39 79, ,981 Total final energy consumption {d} 36,93 2,64,965 6,753,276 million tons of oil equivalent Total per capita per $million GDP Energy Consumption by Source,, Other Renewables Hydroelectric Nuclear Fossil Fuels EarthTrends 23. All rights reserved. Fair use is permitted on a limited scale and for educational purposes. page 1

8 Energy and Resources-- Resource Consumption Passenger cars per 1 people, 1998 X X 19 Annual motor gasoline consumption, 2 (liters per person) Annual meat consumption, 1998 (kg per person) Annual paper consumption, 2 (kg per person) Annual coffee consumption, 21 (kg per person) X X Energy Consumption by Sector,, % 1% 27% 12% 3% 1% Industry Transportation Agriculture Commercial & public services Residential Non-energy Uses and "Other" consumption Footnotes: a. One metric ton of oil equivalent (toe) is defined as 1 Exp. 7 kilocalories or gigajoules, equal to the amount of energy contained in 1 metric ton of crude oil. b. In metric tons of oil equivalent per million constant 1995 international dollars. TPES = Energy Production + Imports - Exports - Stock Changes - Consumption by International Marine Bunkers c. In metric tons of oil equivalent per million constant 1995 international dollars. d. "Total final consumption" is calculated as the sum of energy consumption by sectors. EarthTrends 23. All rights reserved. Fair use is permitted on a limited scale and for educational purposes. page 2