Regional Operational Programme of the Opolskie Voivodeship for

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1 CCI:2007/PL/16/1/PO/012 EXECUTIVE BOARD OF THE OPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP Regional Operational Programme of the Opolskie Voivodeship for National Strategic Reference Framework Document approved by the European Commission with the Regulation (Decision) CCI 2007 PL 161 PO 012 of the 1st October 2007 concerning acceptance of ERDF operational programme, within the Community assistance, under the Convergence Objective for the Opole Voivodeship in Poland, and with the Resolution 1070/2007 of 29th October 2007 of the Board of the Opole Voivodeship. Opole, October

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3 Map No. 1 Opolskie Voivodeship 3

4 Opolskie Voivodeship in comparison to Poland and the European Union in 2005 Item Description Opolskie Voivodeship Poland EU-25 1 Area (thousand km 2 ) ,972,9 2 Population (thousand people) 1, , ,478.7 Population (%), age: 3 pre-working b working b retired b 4 Population density per 1 km 2 of area (person) b 5 Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) Birth rate per 1000 of population Net migration per 1000 people Average lifespan of persons at the age of 0 (years) 8 men women Working people per sectors (%) 9 agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing industry and civil engineering services Total employment rate (%) a Labour force activity rate (%) a b 12 Rate of registered unemployment total (%) Education (%) c : 13 high medium low Number of students per 10 thousand of people (person) b 15 Expenditure on research and development in relation to GDP (%) b b 16 Wired telephone subscribers per 100 people (subscriber) b 17 Households with personal computer with access to the Internet (%) Municipal waste per 1 person (kg) 18 collected stored Tourist collective accommodation establishments total (establishments) per 100 km² b 20 Traffic fatalities per 100 thousand of population b 21 GDP per capita (UE-25 (in SSN) = 100 %) Percentage in gross value added (w %) b 22 agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishing industry and civil engineering services a ) as per BAEL (Badania Aktywności Ekonomicznej Ludności Population Economic Activity Poll) b ) Data for 2004 c ) Data for The classification of education into low, medium and high arises from the ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education). The division includes people between the ages of 25 and 64 and specifies the education levels which is classified according to the educational system in a particular EU country Source: Eurostat, Rocznik Statystyczny Województwa Opolskiego 2006 (Statistical Yearbook of the Opolskie Voivodeship 2006), Statistical Office, Opole 2006, Rocznik Statystyczny Województw 2006 (Statistical Yearbook of Voivodeships 2006), Central Statistical Office, Warszawa

5 Table of contents Introduction 7 1. Profile of the Opolskie Voivodeship Diagnosis of the current situation of the Opolskie Voivodeship Analysis and evaluation of state aid and foreign assistance between State aid and earmarked funds Foreign assistance pre-accession funds Foreign assistance structural funds Rural Development Programme (RDP) Summary SWOT Analysis Strategy for implementing the Regional Operational Programme of the Opolskie 88 Voivodeship for Opolskie Voivodeship Development Strategy Regional Operational Programme of the Opolskie Voivodeship for General objective and specific objectives of ROP OV Justification for selecting objectives and priority axes of ROP OV Consistency between the objectives of ROP OV with the European Union policy and programming documents at the national and regional levels 2.3 Indicators for ROP OV Cohesion of ROP OV objectives with the European Union policy and 103 programme documents at the national and regional level 2.5 Implementation of the renewed Lisbon Strategy within ROP OV Complementarity of actions under ROP OV with programmes financed from the cohesion policy funds and with programmes financed by EAFRD and EFF 3. Priority axes of the Regional Operational Programme of the Opolskie Voivodeship for Priority axis 1 Strengthening the Region s Attractiveness Priority axis 2 Information Society Priority axis 3 Transport Priority axis 4 Environmental Protection Priority axis 5 Social Infrastructure and higher education Priority axis 6 Mobilisation of Municipal and Degraded Areas Priority axis 7 Technical Assistance Financial Plan System for implementing ROP OV implementing regulations Competence of institutions involved in the management of ROP OV Co-ordination Management of ROP OV Monitoring

6 5.2.1 ROP OV Monitoring Committee Procedure of project selection Annual and final reports on the implementation of ROP OV Evaluation Control system National IT system for the period of (SIMIK 07-13) Characteristics of the National IT System Architecture of the National IT System Description of procedures designed to ensure reliability of computerised systems 188 of accounting, monitoring and financial reporting Information concerning the internal circulation of information among the central 189 entity (MS Liaison) and entities declaring the demand for access/modification of access rights to SFC Financial flows Procedures for interest earned 5.5 Information and publicity Ex-ante evaluation of the Programme with the assessment of the expected macroeconomic 194 effect 6.1 Results of ex-ante evaluation of draft ROP OV Grounds for and description of ex-ante evaluation performance Recommendations from evaluation and description of the manner in which results of the estimated evaluation of draft ROP OV have been integrated 6.2 Assessment of expected macroeconomic effects of the implementation of ROP OV Environmental impact assessment of ROP OV Legal basis Executor of the forecast of environmental impact OF ROP OV Forecast of environmental impact of ROP OV Social consultations of the Forecast of environmental impact of ROP OV Information on the application of provisions contained in the Forecast of environmental impact of ROP OV , comments made during the consultation period as well as 207 the opinion of the Governor of the Opolskie Voivodeship and the State Voivodeship Sanitary Inspector 7.6 Monitoring of environmental impact of ROP OV Information about social consultations held on ROP OV Legal basis of consultations Aim, organisation and course of the process of social consultations Comments passed during social consultations 3 rd stage Conclusions 219 Glossary 220 List of abbreviations 232 List of tables 235 List of drawings 238 Annex

7 Introduction The action taken by the Community under Article 158 of the Treaty shall be designed to strengthen the economic and social cohesion of the enlarged European Union in order to promote the harmonious, balanced and sustainable development of the Community. This action shall be taken with the aid of the Funds, the European Investment Bank (EIB) and other existing financial instruments. It shall be aimed at reducing the economic, social and territorial disparities which have arisen particularly in countries and regions whose development is lagging behind and in connection with economic and social restructuring and the ageing of the population. The action taken under the Funds shall incorporate, at national and regional level, the Community's priorities in favour of sustainable development by strengthening growth, competitiveness, employment and social inclusion and by protecting and improving the quality of the environment. 1 The reform of the cohesion policy to be followed between applies mainly to concentration of actions based on three new objectives, i.e.: 1. Convergence objective, to support growth and job creation in the poorest regions this objective covers all the voivodeships in Poland. 2. Regional competitiveness and employment objective, to support structural changes in regions which do not satisfy eligibility criteria of the objective 1 and changes in the labour market. 3. European territorial co-operation objective, to support territorial competitiveness and promote harmonious and sustained development of the Community territory at three levels: cross-border, transnational and interregional. New solutions in the years apply also to correlating the cohesion policy with the EU strategic priorities formulated in the Lisbon Strategy such as competitive economy based on knowledge and sustained development. Hence in the current financial framework, funds within the cohesion policy constitute approximately one third of the budget of the European Union, and at the same time they are a basic instrument for accomplishing objectives of the aforementioned Strategy. In the light of the period of , new provisions apply mainly to streamlining of the process through limiting it to two stages, introducing mono-funding of operational programmes 2 and providing for greater decentralisation and regionalisation of funds through the use of simpler, more efficient systems of implementation and management. A new legal framework for reflects more strategic approach to the programming process. Once the Community Strategic Guidelines were adopted, programming has concentrated more on the EU priorities. Limiting of the process only to two stages means that a member state (Poland) prepares the National Strategic Reference Framework (1 st stage), and then draws up national and regional operational programmes (2 nd stage). The national strategic reference framework is a new instrument in the programming system for which defines, among other things, a strategy for preparing operational programmes cofinanced from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Cohesion Fund. Operational programmes are to be documents more strategic in nature, i.e. the emphasis on the description of strategies and priorities has been increased. A 1 Council Regulation (EC) No. 1083/2006 of 11 July, 2006 laying down general provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1260/1999 (Official Journal 210 of , p. 25), chapter II, art. 1 2 Council Regulation (EC) No. 1083/2006 (Official Journal 210 of , p. 25), art. 34 7

8 new approach to more strategic and simpler programming at the same time resulted in the resignation from preparing the Community Support Framework and Programme Complements as the situation was in the period of The idea of complete decentralisation of programming regional development for was confirmed when voivodeship local governments were given competencies for preparing and implementing regional operational programmes to be supported from the ERDF according to the principle of mono-funding. Thus Executive Boards of Voivodeships, for the first time, are to serve as Managing Authorities for the programmes. The Regional Operational Programme of the Opolskie Voivodeship for (ROP OV ) should be regarded as one of the instruments for implementing the Opolskie Voivodeship Development Strategy which means that it is to contribute to the achievement of objectives set in it through undertaking actions identified as the most significant in the years from the point of view of the region s development and which at the same time are eligible for co-financing from the ERDF 3. The eligible area, the system for implementing ROP OV and the manner of preparing the Programme comply with legal regulations applicable at the national and the Community levels, applicable programming documents as well as basic rules regarding multiannual programming, additionality, partnership, co-financing and evaluation whose details are given in subsequent chapters of the document. 2013: The following basic legal acts formed a basis for the preparation of ROP OV Act on rules of how to operate development policy of 6 December, , Council Regulation (EC) No. 1083/2006 of 11 July, 2006 laying down general provisions on the European Regional Development Fund, the European Social Fund and the Cohesion Fund and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1260/1999, Regulation (EC) No. 1080/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July, 2006 on the European Regional Development Fund and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1783/1999. The general objective of ROP OV is to enhance competitiveness and ensure social, economic and spatial cohesion in order to increase attractiveness of the Opolskie Voivodeship as a place for investing, working and living. To achieve the general objective seven strategic objectives have been established which will be pursued through seven corresponding priority axes of ROP OV In accordance with the rules concerning programming, objectives defined in ROP OV are consistent with the objectives indicated in the aforesaid Opolskie Voivodeship Development Strategy, but also with the development directions set at the national level in the National Strategic Reference Framework in support of growth and jobs (NSRF ) 5 and at the Community level in the Cohesion Policy in support of growth and jobs: Community Strategic Guidelines and guidelines of the renewed Lisbon Strategy. At the same time ROP OV is complementary to the national operational 3 Regulation (EC) No. 1080/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 July, 2006 on the European Regional Development Fund and repealing Regulation (EC) No. 1783/1999 (Official Journal 210 of , p. 1) 4 Journal of Laws No. 227, item Document approved of by the Government on Document approved of by the EU Council on (Official Journal 291 of ) 8

9 programmes for implemented within the NSRF and other initiatives and programmes to be implemented in the current financial framework. The authors of ROP OV made every effort to prepare the Programme in a clear and comprehensible manner. The information contained in it constitutes an orderly and logical structure, and applies to the following components: diagnosis of the social and economic situation of the Opolskie Voivodeship in comparison to other regions of Poland and the European Union along with the analysis of strengths and weaknesses of the region, development strategy of the region specifying the objective of strategic actions undertaken within the Programme along with the justification for selecting priority axes, information about priority axes taking into account objectives and fields of intervention, financial plan divided into years and priority axes indicating sources of financing, system of implementation (i.e. implementing provisions), specifying tasks of authorities and describing procedures relating to, among other things, management of ROP OV , monitoring and evaluation, audit and control, publicity and information as well as financial flows, ex-ante evaluation of ROP OV and assessment of the expected macroeconomic effect, forecast about impact of ROP OV on the environment. Moreover, ROP OV is accompanied by the information concerning major projects as provided for in art. 37, par. 1, letter h of the Council Regulation (EC) No. 1083/2006 (Appendix No. 1) and a list of context indicators for the Programme (Appendix No. 2). All the elements of ROP OV were prepared according to the rules established for this type of programming documents. Works on ROP OV began in 2005 when, under resolution of the Executive Board of the Opolskie Voivodeship, a Programme Board and a Task Force for preparing the Regional Operational Programme of the Opolskie Voivodeship for were appointed. Taking into account the partnership principle, representatives of different environments such as scientific, social, economic and other, were involved in the works of the aforementioned groups. As a consequence the Programme Board determining major directions of works on the Programme was also made up of, apart from members of the Executive Board of the Opolskie Voivodeship and representatives of departments of the Marshal Office of the Opolskie Voivodeship, experts from the outside of the Office who deal with regional development in practice and theory. Within the Task Force, 9 Subgroups were selected to consider basic thematic areas significant to the development of the Voivodeship which became a basis for specifying areas of priority axes of ROP OV Members of the Sub-groups were appointed from among representatives of all the most important environments associated with creating and operating the regional policy, including socio-economic partners. ROP OV , taking into account results of works of the aforesaid groups, was drawn up at the Department for Co-ordination of Operational Programmes at the Marshal Office of the Opolskie Voivodeship and according to the common practice it was subject to large-scale social and economic consultations held at particular stages of preparing ROP OV

10 CHAPTER 1 PROFILE OF THE OPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP 1.1. Diagnosis of the current situation of the Opolskie Voivodeship Methodological comments A diagnosis of the social and economic situation is one of the basic stages in a process of strategic planning. The document identifies the most important internal and external conditions of the development of the Opolskie Voivodeship. It originates from the Opolskie Voivodeship Development Strategy adopted for the years and the diagnosis itself is a basis for preparing a SWOT analysis. Overwhelming majority of the diagnosis is based on the data from 2004 and To provide for greater transparency and comparability of the data, they were, if possible, presented in a greater time span, i.e. in the years A basic source of information was data from the Central Statistical Office in Warsaw and the Statistical Office in Opole as well as information from the EUROSTAT databases for the data on the European Union which were extended by other available publications and our own calculations. In addition, the document contains data from the Investor Assistance Centre in Opole, the Club of Naturalists from Świebodzin, the Opolskie Voivodeship Office, the Opole Inspector of Monuments and the National Heritage Board of Poland in Warsaw. The diagnosis includes nineteen thematic areas, i.e. general information about the Voivodeship, demographic situation, living conditions, population income and safety, labour market, economic growth and investment attractiveness, industry, civil engineering and services, development of rural areas, economic entities, including SME sector, business support organisations, R&D and innovative activities, transport infrastructure, municipal infrastructure, power industry, environmental protection, education and human resources, building of information society, health care, culture and heritage, tourism and sport. Areas for diagnosis were selected on the basis, among other things, of Priorities defined in Regulation (EC) No. 1080/ The areas presented in the diagnosis allow for creating a real picture of the Opolskie Voivodeship with particular attention to the most important aspects of its development. General information about the Voivodeship The Opolskie Voivodeship is situated in the south-western part of the country. It neighbours on the following voivodeships: śląskie, łódzkie, wielkopolskie and dolnośląskie. In the south it borders on Czech Republic. The region belongs to a group of small European regions and covers the area of 9,412 km 2 (3% of Poland s area) with the population of approximately 1,050 thousand people. Population density in the Opolskie Voivodeship, although lower than the national average (122 people per km 2 ), is close to the EU average (UE25 = 117.5) and amounts to 112 people per km 2. The population and the population density in gminas of the Opolskie Voivodeship is shown on map No. 1 in the Appendix No. 3 in the Annex. As regards administrative division the Opolskie Voivodeship is divided into 12 poviats (poviat second level of local government administration in Poland), including 1 grodzki 7 Regulation (EC) No. 1080/2006 (Official Journal 210 of , p. 1). 10

11 poviat which is Opole (grodzki poviat township) and 71 gminas (gmina first level of local government administration in Poland), including 3 municipal gminas, 32 municipal and rural ones and 36 rural. All the gminas in the Opolskie Voivodeship have valid studies of land development conditions and directions. However, only 28.3% of the area of the Opolskie Voivodeship are covered with valid land development plans 8. Coverage by land development plans is highly diversified from gminas which do not have such plans at all to gminas whose area is covered by plans in 100%. The evenly developed settlement system of the region consists of 35 towns and 1025 solectwos (solectwo lowest unit of local administration, usually comprising a single village), including 1191 rural settlement units. The biggest towns are as follows: Opole (population of thousand), Kędzierzyn-Koźle (66.1 thousand), Nysa (47.8 thousand) and Brzeg (38.6 thousand). The Opolskie Voivodeship s functional and spatial structure is based on three zones: central the Opole agglomeration which covers Opole together with the Opolski and Krapkowicki Poviats whose distinguishing features in comparison to the rest of the voivodeship are the highest level of urbanisation and the concentration of administrative, service, industrial and housing functions; eastern made up of the Kluczborski, Oleski, Strzelecki and Kędzierzyńsko-Kozielski Poviats which is characterised by a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation as well as the western zone with the Namysłowski, Brzeski, Nyski, Prudnicki and Głubczycki Poviats where agricultural and tourist functions are of significant importance. A functional and spatial structure of the Opolskie Voivodeship is shown on map no. 2 in the Appendix No. 3 in the Annex. An important factor for the growth of the Opolskie Voivodeship is the development of metropolitan functions in the Opolskie conurbation through strengthening and development of such fields as: economy, specialist services, culture, recreation and entertainment, communication and telecommunications, higher education, R & D, mass media. The Opole agglomeration which serves metropolitan functions includes the following towns: Opole, Krapkowice, Gogolin, Prószków, Ozimek, Niemodlin and Zdzieszowice as well as highly urbanised rural gminas in the Opolski and Krapkowicki Poviats (it total 335 thousand people). Rural settlement is dense in nature. Typical for rural areas in the region are large villages of the highest in Poland urbanisation rate which are often local development centres. Population of a rural settlement is on average 418 people (in Poland 277 people). The society in the settlements is self-organised and local environments, including national minorities, very active. The location and structure of rural settlements in the Opolskie Voivodeship are shown on map No. 3 in the Appendix No. 3 in the Annex. The Opolskie Voivodeship is a frontier and culturally diverse region on the former Polish, German and Czech borderland. The regional community displays a strong sense of regional identity, has a wealth of experience arising from cultural distinction and openness to the world. In the Opolskie Voivodeship there are 71% of the total number of people in Poland who declare German nationality and 14% declaring to be Silesians. The problem is limited knowledge of the region and its heritage as well as insufficient coverage of multicultural aspects by educational and cultural institutions. After 1989 the third sector of the public life, which is the major element of civil society, began to develop rapidly. Until 1999 only 160 organisations operated, in 1998 about 8 On the basis of data from the Department of Land Development Planning of the Marshal s Office of the Opolskie Voivodeship as at the end of

12 1,200. The greatest number of non-government organisations were established in 2004, at the moment it is estimated that in the Opolskie Voivodeship there are about 2,700 nongovernmental organisations. Most of them operate in education, sport, tourism, health, rehabilitation, welfare, environmental protection, culture, social and economic development. The region is open to cross-border co-operation within Euroregions Pradziad and Silesia as well as to contacts with foreign economic partners (among others, with the German land Rheinland-Pfalz, French Burgundy, Czech Středočeský kraj, Hungarian Komitat Fejér, Ukrainian Ivano-Frankivski Region, Austrian Steiermark). Local self-governments in the Opolskie Voivodeship co-operate with partners all over Europe. Local environments, including national minorities, are highly active. Self-governments co-operate with each other and, among other things, establishing associations of gminas. However, co-operation between voivodeships is poor as well as the level of integration between environments and subregional co-operation, including partnerships. Demographic situation The comparison of the last two general censuses in respect of the demographic potential shows that the population of the Opolskie Voivodeship in 2002 considerably decreased by 15.7 thousand people in comparison with Since 2002 the population has been declining systematically (in further decrease by 13.6 thousand people). The low and declining demographic potential of the region is recognised as the most important barrier of development. The situation arises from high migration which results in permanent stay abroad and negative population growth rate (Tab. No. 1.1). Tab. No Changes in population and population growth rate and migration balance per 1000 people in the Opolskie Voivodeship in Year Population (31.12) (thousand) Population growth rate ( ) Net permanent migration ( ) Source: Rocznik demograficzny, Central Statistical Office, Warszawa 2003, Rocznik statystyczny województw, Central Statistical Office, Warszawa 2003, Mały rocznik statystyczny Polski, Warszawa 2005, Biuletyn Statystyczny Województwa Opolskiego, Opole

13 (-136) Przyrost naturalny w osobach np osób w powiecie nyskim Saldo migracji w osobach > (-130) (-130) - (-260) (-261) - (-390) < (-390) (1) (-120) (-19) (-78) (-109) (28) (-68) (-92) (-154) (-126) Fig Net permanent migration and population growth rate in the Opolskie Voivodeship in poviats in Source: Biuletyn Statystyczny Województwa. In 2005 the population growth rate in the Opolskie Voivodeship was -0.9 per mill and, similarly as in Poland, was negative. Only in three poviats in the region the population growth rate was positive and amounted to: in the Brzeg Poviat (0.3 per mill), in the Krapkowice Poviat (0.6 per mill), in the Namysłów Poviat (0.3 per mill). The highest negative population growth rate was in the Prudnik Poviat with -2.4 per mill and the Głubczyce Poviat with -2.3 per mill (Fig. 1.1). The Opolskie Voivodeship is characterised by the high negative migration balance, mainly abroad, resulting from migratory traditions of the region and existing relations between the society of the region and the destination country, as well as the possibility of obtaining legal job abroad 9. A positive aspect of labour migration is adopting European models of working, import of new technologies, modern organisation of work as well as of capital brought into the region. Leaving Poland in search for work, apart from positive aspects, is also perceived as a threat to the labour market due to draining skilled staff as well as to family life where parent s long-term stay abroad results in irregularities in family functioning, weakened family ties and greater number of single-parent families. Moreover, depopulation of villages and decrease in births. In addition, disproportions in socioeconomic development as well as in living conditions of people become greater. 10. Considerable migration abroad (permanent and labour-related) is an important problem for the Opolskie Voivodship to cope with. Factors determining such migration, apart from the historical tradition mentioned above, include also negative effects of a transformation process. According to the National General Census from 2002 a number of people staying abroad temporarily, i.e. for more than 2 months, was approx thousand people, including 77.9% at production age. After 2004 the EU borders were opened systematically to the people willing to work in other countries of the Community and these numbers have increased enormously. In this light labour-related migration of the Opolskie Voivodeship population is an important demographic, social, economic and political issue 11. In 2006 the self-government of the Opolskie Voivodeship launched programme Opolskie I stay here whose aim is to reduce a large number of people leaving for abroad to find a job, to promote opportunities of employment and career in the region, to arouse an interest in the possibilities of education, of further career advancement through promotion of the voivodeship attractiveness and educational conditions as well as to encourage people working abroad to come back to the voivodeship. The expected effects of the programme will include 9 This possibility relates to a part of the region s population that has German citizenship and EU passports enabling them to obtain legal job, on the basis of: K. Heffner, R. Rauziński, Region migracyjny (wybrane aspekty demograficzne, społeczne i gospodarcze na przykładzie Śląska Opolskiego), Opole 2003, p R. Rauziński, Diagnoza sytuacji demograficznej, zatrudnienia, rynku pracy i bezrobocia na Śląsku Opolskim [w:] D. Berlińska (red.): Województwo opolskie Wstępna diagnoza wybranych dziedzin, Opole R. Rauziński, Wyjazdy zarobkowe w śląskim krajobrazie społecznym [w]: Wyjazdy zarobkowe-szansa czy zagroŝenie, red. K.Glombik, P. Morciniec, Opole 2005, s

14 a reduction of labour-related migration thanks to the promotion of employment in the region, career development, starting-up one s own business as well as making people aware of negative social effects of labour-related migration. Partners of the programme, apart from the Marshall Office of the Opolskie Voivodeship, are the Voivodeship Labour Office, poviat Labour Offices, the Voivodeship Methodological Centre, universities and economic entities. The negative internal and foreign migration balance resulting in permanent stay per 1000 people in 2004 amounted to -3.2 per mill with the national average amounting to -0.2 per mill, which ranks the region first in Poland. In the Opolskie Voivodeship in all the poviats there is negative migration balance. In 2003 in 25 countries of the European Union average migration balance per 1000 of population was 4.6 per mill. The lowest was in Latvia (-1.8), Lithuania (-0.4) and in Poland (-0.4). Positive balance, above 10 per mill, was in: Spain (17.6), Cyprus (17.2) and Italy (10.4). Demographic forecasts for the next 30 years anticipate that the negative population growth rate will maintain in the Opolskie Voivodeship. In case of external migrations from the Opolskie Voivodeship, it will be the second region after the Śląskie Voivodeship where the emigration will be the highest. In 2030 population of the Opolskie Voivodeship will be thousand, and 50.2% of it will live in rural areas. Population of the voivodeship will be lower by thousand people in comparison with 2002 (Tab. nr 1.2). Tab. No Forecast of the principal demographic quantities in the Opolskie Voivodeship in Year Birth rate (thousand) Death rate (thousand) Population growth rate ( ) Internal migration balance ( ) External migration balance ( ) Population (thousand) , , , Source: Demographic forecast for , Central Statistical Office, Warszawa 2004, p. 104 In the Opolskie Voivodeship thousand people live in villages. In the number of people living in towns and villages will be decreasing (Tab. No. 1.3). Tab. No Population and forecast of population in the Opolskie Voivodeship in towns and rural areas in (in thousand). Description Total population, including: population in towns population in villages Source: Opolszczyzna w liczbach 2006, Statistical Office in Opole, Opole

15 The urbanisation rate in the Opolskie Voivodeship is 52.6% in comparison to the average in Poland of 61.4%. It is forecasted that this rate in 2030 will be lower and will amount to 49.8%. Living conditions, population income and safety According to census data, there were thousand households in the Opolskie Voivodeship in They comprised 2.8% of total households in Poland. According to the demographic forecast, the number of households in 2015 will increase to thousand, but will decline later to reach thousand in The anticipated decrease of the number of households in the Opolskie Voivodeship will mainly concern towns. The Opolskie Voivodeship is characterised by higher income of the population than the national average, but the level of average salaries and pensions is lower 12. The average monthly gross salary amounted to PLN 2,068.3 (total in Poland PLN 2,273.4) in the Opolskie Voivodeship in 2004 which ranked the Opolskie Voivodeship the 8 th in Poland. Pensions from the extra-agricultural social security system in 2004 reached PLN 1, (5 th place among voivodeships, average in Poland: PLN 1,140.94), whereas pensions of individual farmers amounted to PLN (5 th place among voivodeships, average in Poland: PLN 747.2). As regards the average income at disposal of 1 person in a household (assigned for expenses, and consumer goods and services, and increase in savings), the Opolskie Voivodeship is ranked 6 th in Poland. The income amounts to ca. PLN and is higher than the average income in Poland by ca. PLN 10. Moreover, the average monthly expenses are also higher, amounting to PLN in the Opolskie Voivodeship, with the national average amounting to PLN The difference between the income and expenses in the region, and the average income and expenses in Poland results from the fact that resources originating from work abroad are most probably spent in the Opolskie Voivodeship. 13 Poverty and social exclusion are problems faced by many families despite better economic level and living conditions. Welfare in the Opolskie Voivodeship is currently aimed at a numerous (142 thousand people) and diverse group of people that need aid. However, the Opolskie Voivodeship is one of the regions in Poland where a relatively low ratio of people is covered by welfare service. In 2004, 526 people per 10 thousand people in the voivodeship used the benefits, whereas the national average amounted to 631 people. A spatial distribution of the indicator for a number of people using social welfare in the Opolskie Voivodeship is shown on map No. 4 in the Appendix No. 3 in the Annex. The voivodeship records insufficient number of welfare establishments, in particular in rural areas. Moreover, many establishments do not comply with applicable standards and legal regulations. Numerous tasks to aid families facing problems and people endangered by poverty and social exclusion are performed by non-governmental organisations and voluntary services. However, the problem is a low number of such organisations and people involved. According to the data of the National General Census conducted in 2002 the disabled constitute approx. 10% of the Opolskie Voivodeship population in comparison to the national 12 Data do not take into account salaries of people migrating abroad (ca. PLN 2.3 billion annually) that significantly impact the prosperity and consumption level in this part of regional society in the Opolskie Voivodeship. 13 It is estimated that, after taking these into account, average income would increase evenly by ca. 35%. See R. Jończy, Migracje zarobkowe ludności autochtonicznej z województwa opolskiego. Studium ekonomicznych determinant i konsekwencji, Opole University, Opole 2003, p

16 average of 14.3%. A phenomenon of the disability in the Opole region is the least intense among all the voivodeships, both in towns and in the countryside. As the results of questionnaires carried out by the Regional Social Policy Centre in Opole show the disabled grapple with a number of problems and the greatest of them are as follows: moving outside the house (36%), enlisting material or financial assistance (35%), simple household tasks and hygiene as well as specialist treatment (about 33% each) Fig poruszanie się poza domem pomoc rzeczowa lub finansowa proste prace domowe i pielęgnacyjne leczenie specjalistyczne udział w Ŝyciu społecznym rehabilitacja znalezienie pracy leczenie podstawowe poruszanie się po mieszkaniu sprzęt rehabilitacyjny nauka mieszkanie inne Fig Problems of the disabled in the Opolskie Voivodeship (in %). Source: Niepełnosprawność. Rzeczywistość i marzenia. Regional Social Policy Centre, Opole Permanently or temporarily inhabited housing stock in the Opolskie Voivodeship reached thousand in 2004, which comprised 2.6% of the housing stock in Poland. The number of inhabited flats per 1000 people in 2004 amounted to 317 and it was less than the national average (332 flats). However, in respect of the average usable flat area per person, the Opolskie Voivodeship is characterised by the highest ratio in Poland 24 m 2, which provides the high quality of life of its inhabitants which together with other indicators for housing resources indicates better housing conditions than in other regions of Poland. Taking into consideration a number of new flats commissioned for use in relation to the population, the Opolskie Voivodeship is the last in Poland (2.6 compared to 4.3 flats in Poland in 2003). The results both for the voivodeship and the whole country are bad in comparison with the European Union where these figures range somewhere between Since 1998 a number of new flats commissioned for use has increased every year. In 2004 in the Opolskie Voivodeship 1,232 new flats were commissioned for use and it was more than in 2000 by 12%. In Poland the increase was much higher and amounted to 23.2 %. A serious threat to the existing housing stock is their dramatic decapitalisation. The problem is mainly faced by towns and villages with post-state-owned farms and post-militaryowned areas, with the challenge of refurbishment gap. In the voivodeship there is a large number of abandoned properties with unsettled ownership, many empty, uninhabited flats and buildings as well as lots of devastated outbuildings. Historic town centres require revitalisation. According to the Land Development Plan of the Opolskie Voivodeship 14 in 30 towns historic urban designs survived, including 23 of 16

17 them listed in the monument register of the Opolskie Voivodeship, i.e. Baborów, Biała, Brzeg, Byczyna, Głogówek, Głubczyce, Głuchołazy, Gorzów Śląski, Grodków, Kędzierzyn- Koźle, Kluczbork, Krapkowice, Leśnica, Lewin Brzeski, Namysłów, Niemodlin, Nysa, Opole, Otmuchów, Paczków, Prudnik, Strzelce Opolskie and Ujazd. Also panel block housing estates, post-industrial and post-military areas as well as degraded districts and working-class housing estates require revitalisation. Living conditions of inhabitants are also significantly affected by safety and operation of public order institutions. The highest number of crimes is noted in towns with large population. Number of crimes in the Opolskie Voivodeship, which comprised 2.6% of total crimes recorded in Poland in 2004 (37.3 thousand), has a declining trend (Fig. 1.3), whereas the crime detection rate increases (Fig. 1.4). The statistical analyses and public opinion polls show that the Opolskie Voivodeship is one of the safest regions in Poland. In spite of improvement in public safety, this field due to frontier location of the region and dynamics of social phenomena and in consequence dynamics of crime requires continuous monitoring. Moreover, the attention should be turned to threats from the use of alcohol and drugs by young people. The poll conducted in the Opolskie Voivodeship in 2005 shows that 34.9% of people at the age of 17/18 got drunk during 30 days preceding the poll and 15.2% of people at the same age used marijuana or hashish ,1 67,7 69,4 64,4 55,2 54,4 59, Fig Total number of crimes in the Opolskie Voivodeship in Source: Roczniki Statystyczne Województw , Central Statistical Office. Fig Crime detection rate in the Opolskie Voivodeship in Source: Roczniki Statystyczne Województw , Central Statistical Office. Labour market In 2004, the national economy of the Opolskie Voivodeship employed thousand people (2.3% working population in Poland). Average employment in the enterprise sector, amounting to 93.0 thousand people in 2005, is characterised by a growing trend (Tab. No. 1.4). 14 Land Development Plan of the Opolskie Voivodeship approved of with the resolution of the Sejmik of the Opolskie Voivodeship No. XLIX/357/2002 of 24 September, 2002 on approving the Land Development Plan of the Opolskie Voivodeship (Dz. Urz. Woj. Opolskiego No. 112, item 1448). 15 J. Sierosławski, P. Jabłoński, UŜywanie alkoholu i narkotyków przez młodzieŝ szkolną. Raport z badań ankietowych zrealizowanych w województwie opolskim w 2005 r. Europejski Program Badań Ankietowych w Szkołach ESPAD, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw 2005, p.16,

18 Tab. No Changes of average monthly employment in the sector of enterprises in in the Opolskie Voivodeship. Description Average employment in the sector of enterprises (in thousand) Dynamics (preceding period =100) (%) ,6 Source: Biuletyn statystyczny Województwa Opolskiego from December 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and from September 2005, Komunikat o sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej, December 2004 The employment level, expressed in the so-called employment index, is relatively low in comparison with the national average. According to 2004 BAEL 16 data, a value of the index in the Opolskie Voivodeship was 43% with the national average amounting to 44.3%. In towns of the Opolskie Voivodeship the index amounted to 44.2%, while in villages 41.3%. In 2004 in the Opolskie Voivodeship the activity rate was 52.3%, while in towns 54.1% and in villages 50.0%. The rate is lower than the national average which amounts to 54.9%. It is anticipated that the activity rate will fall by 0.8% in the region in the years As regards dynamics the Opolskie Voivodeship takes the 15 th place in Poland 17. Referring to the data on the labour market contained in the National Reform Programme (KPR) , one should notice that in the Opolskie Voivodeship an employment rate (for people between the ages of 15-64) is close to the national average (52.5% in comparison to 53%). At the same time it is by 3.5 pp lower than the one forecast for Poland in Employment structure in the Opolskie Voivodeship as compared with the national structure and the EU structure is unfavourable as it is characterised by high percentage of employment in agriculture and low percentage in services (Fig. 1.5). Many sectors also record insufficient number of well-qualified personnel, in particular experts. There is also a low employment rate in relation to the working population , the Opolskie Voivodeship Poland 52,6 54, EU 30,1 28,3 25, ,4 17,4 10 5,1 0 agriculture, hunting, forestry, fishery and fishing industry and construction services Fig Employees divided into sectors in the Opolskie Voivodeship and in Poland as compared with the European Union in 2003 (in %). Source: Produkt Krajowy Brutto. Rachunki Regionalne 2003, Central Statistical Office 2005, Rocznik Statystyczny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 2004, Central Statistical Office Population Economic Activity Poll conducted by the Central Statistical Office once a quarter published among others in Biuletyny Statystyczne Województwa Opolskiego of the Statistical office in Opole. 17 Source: Polska: regionalne prognozy ekonomiczne Analiza porównawcza polskich województw, PMR Publications, Kraków 2005, p Report 2006 on implementation of the National Reform Programme for the Lisbon Strategy (after the first Lear of implementation); the document approved by the government on 13 October, 2006, Ministry of Economy, Warsaw 2006, p In 2008 it is estimated the average employment rate (age 15-64) will be 56.0%. 18

19 The number of registered unemployed people in the Opolskie Voivodeship at the end of December 2005 amounted to 69.4 thousand people and was characterised by a declining trend, although unemployment, particularly in small towns, in the areas of post-state-owned farms and dominated by small agricultural farms, is recognised as a vital development problem (Tab. No. 1.5). At the end of 2005 at the labour offices in the Opolskie Voivodeship there were 31.6 thousand inhabitants of villages registered which constituted 45.5% of all the unemployed. On average their percentage was 42.6% in Poland. The Opolskie Voivodeship is also characterised by a higher than the national average percentage of women in the unemployed structure. At the end of 2005 women formed almost 56% of the registered unemployed in labour offices and this percentage is growing year by year. The smallest percentage of women in the total number of the registered unemployed is in prudnicki and nyski poviats. The largest percentage is observed in poviats: krapkowicki, country poviat of Opole and strzelecki (above 60%). Such a situation arises first of all from the unique nature of the Opole region characterised by a high migration balance and the Silesian model of family. The importance of the support to women in the labour market is manifested in projects submitted under measure 1.6 SOP HRD Vocational integration and reintegration of women. In years in the Opolskie Voivodeship funds were allocated to 14 projects and the total sum of co-financing was almost PLN 9 million. These were mainly training projects aimed at broadening and improving vocational qualifications of women. warmińskomazurskie zachodniopomorskie lubuskie pomorskie kujawsko -pomorskie wielkopolskie łódzkie mazowieckie dolnośląskie świętokrzyskie śląskie opolskie od 13,8% do 17,3% od 17,4% do 20,9% małopolskie podlaskie lubelskie podkarpackie The other social group encountering difficulties in the labour market is made up of the disabled. Possibilities of employing such people in the sector of enterprises in the Opole region are little. These people find jobs mainly in supported employment establishments and only few companies without such a status are interested in employing the disabled. Mainly private companies, first of all production and trading, are willing to employ them; the majority of potential employers belong to a sector of medium-sized and large enterprises 20. od 21,0% do 24,5% od 24,6% do 27,5% Polska = 17,6% Fig Unemployment rate in Poland by voivodeships (at the end of December 2005). Source: Biuletyn Statystyczny Województwa Opolskiego, 4 th quarter Rozmiary i kierunki zapotrzebowania na kwalifikowane kadry pracownicze w województwie opolskim (Volume and directions of demand for qualified staff In the Opolskie Voivodeship).Marshal Office of the Opolskie Voivodeship, Opole 2001, p

20 Tab. No Number of the registered unemployed in the Opolskie Voivodeship and unemployment rate in in Poland and in the Opolskie Voivodeship (at the end of December). Description Number of unemployed people in the Opolskie Voivodeship (thousand) Unemployment rate in the Opolskie Voivodeship (%) Unemployment rate in Poland (%) Source: Biuletyn statystyczny województwa opolskiego, December 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, Komunikat o sytuacji społeczno-gospodarczej, December The registered unemployment rate in the Opolskie Voivodeship at the end of December 2005 amounted to 18.6% (in Poland: 17.6%), which ranks the region 8 th among other voivodeships (Fig. 1.6). The unemployment rate is spatially diverse in the region. At the end of December 2005 it ranged between 9.0% in Opole and 29.9% in the Nysa Poviat (Fig. 1.7). woj. opolskie = 18,6% od 9,0% do 14,2% od 14,3% do 19,5% od 19,6% do 24,8% od 24,9% do 29,9% Fig Unemployment rate in the Opolskie Voivodeship by poviats (at the end of December 2005). Source: Biuletyn Statystyczny Województwa Opolskiego, 4 th quarter On average the unemployment rate in the EU ranges between 8-9% and is different in particular states, the lowest: the Netherlands 4.0%, Ireland 4.2%, Denmark 4.3%; the highest: Poland -18.6%, Slovakia 15.7%, Greece 9.6%, France 9.1%. With reference to priority 5 of the National Reform Programme Creating and maintaining new jobs and reduction of unemployment, according to Eurostat data, the unemployment rate in the Opolskie Voivodeship in 2005 (16.9%) was by 0.8 pp lower than the national average. It is estimated that in 2008 this value in Poland will be 14.6%. The unemployment rate among women in the Opolskie Voivodeship is higher than the national average (20.7% in comparison to 19.1%) and it is by 4.7 pp higher than the forecast value in Poland in In addition in the voivodeship a percentage of the long-term unemployed in their total number is by 13.4 pp higher than the national average (65.6% in comparison to 52.2%). It is forecast that in the Opolskie Voivodeship at the end of 2008 the unemployment rate will be lower than at the moment and will amount to 14.3% which will make the region rank 7 th in Poland 22. A problem of unemployment faces also communities from ethnic minorities. In the Opolskie Voivodeship this group includes Gypsies of whom there are 2.5 thousand. The Gypsy community is particularly exposed to remaining unemployed. Since 2004 Poland has been operating the Community Initiative EQUAL, financed by the European Social Fund. Its 21 Report on implementation, p Source: Polska: regionalne prognozy, p

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