District Cooling -Experience and Opportunities in case of Absorption Chiller

Transcription

1 District Cooling -Experience and Opportunities in case of Absorption Chiller Advancing Ozone & Climate Protection Technologies: Next Steps Second International Technology Conference 29 June 2013 Bangkok, Thailand Hajime Yabase R&D Dep.,Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co.,Ltd., Shiga, Japan

2 Contents 1.Introduction of Absorption Chillers 2. Triple Effect Absorption Chiller 3. Solar Cooling Application

3 1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers What s absorption chillers? Application As air conditioning systems As process chilling systems for plant Common condition Cooling:Chilled water output 7 Cooling water input 32 Heating:Heated water output 60 Cooling tower Cooling water Absorption Chiller //Chilled water and hot water = Special Feature Cooling and Heating by the Same Unit Centrifugal Chiller //only Chilled water + Boiler //only Hot water AHU Chilled water Absorption Chiller

4 1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers Principle of Electric Chillers and Absorption Chillers ELECTRIC ABSORPTION Q 01 Cooling Water Condenser High Pressure Q i2 Chilled Water 1000kPa Evaporator Freon Compressor Electric Motor Q i1 Condenser Q kPa Vacuum 290 kpa 0.87 kpa 7 12 Q i2 COP = Qi1 = Q i2 Chilled Water 7 12 Cooling Capacity Heat Input Evaporator Water (H 2 O) Solution Pump (LiBr) Generator Q 01 Q i1 Gas or Oil or Steam etc Cooling Water Absorber 32

5 1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers Various Energy Sources can be utilized Natural heat Fossil fuel Solar,Geo-thermal Hot Water Steam Exhaust heat Waste Hot Water Gas Direct fire Exhaust Gas Gas Engine Oil Absorption Chiller Chilled Water Steam Exhaust Gas Gas Turbine

6 1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers with Gas Engine Gas Engine Gene-Link

7 1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers Continuous Efforts for Higher COP in Japan COP(Coefficient of Performance) = Cooling Capacity /LHV Heat Input 2 S.A.C.=Steam Absorption Chiller D.F.C.=Direct Fired Chiller Triple Effect Double Effect 2000 COP Popular in the world year

8 1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers Lineup of absorption chillers (1) Direct Fired Triple Effect Direct Fired Double Effect Direct Fired COP= Series 1.3 Series 1.4 Series 160~340RT 80~700RT 80~700RT 80~700RT Steam Double Effect Steam Fired 3.9 Series 3.7 Series 80~700RT 600~2600RT COP is based on LHV Heat Input

9 1. Introduction of Absorption Chillers Lineup of absorption chillers (2) Single Effect Hot Water Driven 40~240RT Double Effect Steam Fired 80~700RT Gene-Link Double Effect Hot Water + Gas COP=1.2 COP=1.4 80~70RT 80~630RT Gene-Link Triple Effect Hot Water + Gas COP= ~310RT COP is based on LHV Heat Input

10 2. Triple Effect Absorption Chiller Single, Double, Triple Effect Absorption Chiller Achievement of higher efficiency with multi-stage of generator (by higher temp. & press. of HTG) 2. Middle Temp. Generator 1 1. High Temp. Generator (over atmospheric pressure ) (under atmospheric pressure) 3. Low Temp. Generator (under atmospheric pressure) to Condenser 1 1 Heat Fuel 1 Weak Solution from Absorber to Condenser Strong Solution to Absorber

11 2. Triple Effect Absorption Chiller Operation Cycle for Triple Effect Absorption Chiller Body of Double Effect SAC Once-through Boiler typed HTG Diagram of Reverse Cycle Pressure HTG Atmospheric pressure MTG Vacuum LTG P Absorber P P Concentration of Solution

12 2. Triple Effect Absorption Chiller Characteristic of Partial Load (in cooling mode) Triple Effect LHV) COP (L C OP Double Effect(High efficient) Double Effect(Basic Type) L oad R ate(%) Load Rate (%)

13 3. Solar Cooling Application The efficiency of Solar Thermal is better than that of Photovoltaic. Efficiency of Solar Energy Photovoltaic : 10% < Solar Thermal : 40% (in case of utilizing Hot Water) From HP of NEDO

14 3. Solar Cooling Application Conventional System Cooling tower From NEDO/HP Collector Storage tank Cool wind Back-up Boiler Absorption chiller Chilled water Complicated system with a boiler for the back-up of hot water supply Complicated control system to adjust hot water supply in accordance with the fluctuation of load and solar heat Low efficiency of absorption chiller(single effect)

15 3. Solar Cooling Application Absorption Chiller(Combined) Single & Double Effect Absorption chiller has a back-up system and no boiler Absorption chiller is automatically moved to combustion for the stable supply of chilled water High efficiency of absorption chiller (Double Effect)

16 3. Solar Cooling Application Reduction of fuel consumption Fuel gas reduction rate: 32% (at the rated point): Can be operated by 55% load with only solar hot water Lowest temperature of solar hot water supplied to the chiller: 75 degc Solar Collector Solar Absorption Chiller-Heater With Hot Water Fuel gas Without Hot reduction rate: Supply Hot Water: Water 32% Min. 75 degc Fuel Gas Consumption 55% Can be operated with only solar hot water Cooling Load Heat Exchanger Supply Hot Water:60degC for Heating HEATING (Backup) COOLING Fuel Gas

17 3. Solar Cooling Application Solar Cooling System Solar Heat Collector (evacuated tube type) Solar Chiller Air conditioning for this office

18 Thank you Hajime Yabase Deputy General Manager, Engineering Office Kawasaki Thermal Engineering 1000, Aoji-cho, Kusatsu-city, Shiga # Japan TEL FAX E- mail: