Actual developments in the field of solar cooling. 5. Solartagung Rheinland-Pfalz, Umweltcampus Birkenfeld, September 2009 Wolfram Sparber

Transcription

1 Actual developments in the field of solar cooling 5. Solartagung Rheinland-Pfalz, Umweltcampus Birkenfeld, September 2009 Wolfram Sparber

2 Agenda Global cooling and solar market Solar cooling an introduction Developments on system level Developments on chiller level Conclusions & Outlook 2

3 Global Cooling Market 2002 Source: JARIA, Solarnext 3

4 Global Cooling Market 2007 Source: JARN, Solarnext 4

5 Global Solar Thermal Market development 5

6 European Solar Thermal Market development % Newly installed collector area, Source: ESTIF

7 Cooling systems Electricity source Heat source Compression chiller Thermal cooling system Ambient cooling Ambient cooling 7

8 Thermal cooling systems Heat source Fossil fuels District / waste heat Solar thermal Absorption chiller Thermal cooling system Adsorption chiller DEC Ambient cooling Ambient cooling 8

9 M M M M M M Solar combi+ systems Schematic design of a solar domestic hot water system, combined with heating support plus cooling delivery. E-2 E-4 9

10 R&D / Market application 10

11 Market - solar cooling systems Data collected by Solarnext 11

12 Recently presented thermally driven chillers Historically mainly Asian companies produced and offered absorption chillers with a cooling capacity over 30 kw (Eg. Yazaki, Broad, Thermax, ) In the last years several European companies presented new sorption chillers on the market especially with cooling capacities from 5 kw 20 kw (Eg. Sonnenklima, Sortech, EAW, Rotartica, Climatewell, Pink, ) 12

13 Present draw backs of the technology System level: 1. No standardised systems are available 2. A centralized controlling unit is usually missing 3. The exact performance of the chiller under different conditions is not known to planners 4. Systems are often complex and remain below their potential 5. Many systems are the first system which a planner installs and therefore the learning curve is still very reduced Market growth and specific R&D is needed 13

14 1.) Standard systems: Solar Combi+ project European project leaded by Eurac including research and industry partners Development of standardized system configuration Through intensive numerical simulation Identification of most promising markets Source: Solarcombi+, Eurac Solar thermal domestic hot water heating (DHW) & space heating & space cooling DHW Solar Combi Solar Combi+ 14

15 Choice of exemplary buildings Residential buildings, cold distriubtion by II. fan coils (10 C/15 C) III. chilled ceiling (15 C/18 C) Two-storied building 140 m² cooled floor area Based on Task 32 reference buildings 2 building standards (60kWh/m² and 100kWh/m² in Zurich, Switzerland) 2 locations (Toulouse and Naples) Source: Solarcombi+, Fraunhofer ISE 15

16 Annual loads in the chosen cases Bars:Annual load [kwh/a] / Dots: peak load [W] Toulouse 60 Toulouse 100 Naples 60 Naples 100 Source: Solarcombi+, Fraunhofer ISE Heat_sens Heat_lat Cold_sens Cold_lat 16

17 Choice of system configuration 1 Loads Heating Boiler DHW Collector Chiller Cooling heat rejection Source: Solarcombi+, Fraunhofer ISE Source: Fraunhofer ISE 17

18 Choice of system configuration 2 Loads Heating DHW Collector Boiler Chiller Cooling heat rejection Source: Solarcombi+, Fraunhofer ISE Source: Fraunhofer ISE 18

19 Exemplary results The increase of SF_cooling without boiler is between 12% 26% depending on the application Source: Solarcombi+, Eurac 19

20 Examples of system performance Slar Combi+ systems performance related to a residentiao building in Napels; Chilled ceilings are used in this example Coll. type H.R. type Coll. area [m2/kw] Storage Vol. [l/m2] TOT. Solar Fraction [%] PE Saved [%] Gross Solar Yield [(kwh/anno)/m 2 ] 1 ET WCT ET WCT ET WCT ET WCT ET WCT Source: Solarcombi+, Eurac 20

21 2.) System controller At present most solar cooling systems are an assembly of single components These components in many cases have their own controll unit. This leads in the system to the necessaty to connect several single control units Within this connection there is a high probability not to find an optimised control logic In order to enhance the system performance of future systems, centralized system controllers are needed 21

22 Recent product presentation Source: Solarnext 22

23 Product development European research project within the 7th Research Program Leaded by University of Firenze CREAR, including several research and industry partners Three demonstration systems in three European countries are in planning including one central control unit A control unit is under development being able to control (by soft- and hardware) the whole system and to be flexible for different kind of installations 23

24 Product development EnergyBox Source: Project Alone, CREAR, Eurac 24

25 Case study - Bolzano Multifamily social building realised in passive house standard Including a biomass boiler, geothermal horizontal heat exchanger and active ventilation A solar thermal collector field, a sorption chiller and a prototype of the control unit will be installed in spring 2010 The new system will be connected to the geothermal heat exchanger, the boiler and the ventilation system Source: Project Alone, IPES, Eurac 25

26 Loadprofile of the case study T set winter ( C) 21 T set summer ( C) 26 U set (%) 50% Yearly sensible heating load 23.1 [kwh/m2] Yearly sensible cooling demand 4.3 [kwh/m2] Source: Project Alone, Eurac 26

27 3.) Chiller performance In order to be able to efficiently plan a solar cooling system, data for system simulations are necessary Therefore the performance of the central components (collectros, heat rejection, chiller) have to be known Especially the chiller performance, in off design and transient conditions are in many cases un known to the planners, installers and customers In order to bridge this gap Eurac has established recently a dedicated test facility Source: Eurac 27

28 Test facility - Scheme Source: Eurac 28

29 Test facility Laboratory Photos Test facility for: Sorption machines (UNI EN 14511) Cooling Power: 20 kw Heat Pump or Chiller Mode Heat Rejection Systems Establishment of optimal configurations, depending on: Climate zone Cooling loads Back ups Source: Eurac 29

30 Further developments and projects Application of Solar cooling to special industry sectors -> European FP6 Project Medisco Application of solar cooling in countries with high solar irradiation (Northern Africa) -> European FP6 Project REACT Coupling of thermal cooling with small scale cogeneration -> European FP7 Project Utilisation of facades of high rise buildings for solar active systems -> European FP7 Projct Cost Effective Enhancement of the chillers and heat rejection performance (advanced heat exchangers, research of new materials, ), national or company projects 30

31 Conclusions & Outlook Solar cooling and solar combi + systems are only at the very beginning of the market introduction Leading to higher system costs and reduced experience in the field compared to proven technologies A stepwise growth of the market is expected, at the beginning especially in niche markets (waste heat utilization, demonstration projects, large heat, DHW and cooling demand, ) Several new products have been presented in the last years An overall systems optimisation seems important in order to realise stable, high performing installations in this initial market phase 31

32 Thank you for your attention