Laboratory Safety: Hazard Controls and PPE

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1 Laboratory Safety: Hazard Controls and PPE

2 What you will learn The system of hazard controls Basics of Personal Protective Equipment

3 What is the Hierarchy of Risk Controls?

4

5 Elimination or Substitution Don t do the process or use the chemical Use a safer alternative.

6 Engineering controls Shield or separate the user from the hazard

7 Engineering Controls Examples Local exhaust ventilation. Fume Hoods Snorkels Shields and Guarding Non-sparking Electrical Equipment Interlocks that prevent devices from operating unless guards and safety devices are engaged

8 Proper Hood Usage Proper Sash Height As low as possible, while still allowing you to do your work. Overloading Minimize materials in the hood that inhibit proper air flow Where should chemicals be used? At least 6 inches into the hood. Turbulence issues Be mindful of other turbulence problems, such as room air disturbances

9 Administrative Controls Administrative Controls are behavior based means of preventing exposure to a hazard. The critical challenge is that the individual must make the conscious choice to follow them. Examples include: Lab Rules Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Chemical Hygiene Plan Technique Training Signage Temporary Permanent Leadership and example

10 What is Personal Protective Equipment Specialized clothing or equipment worn by employees for protection against health and safety hazards. PPE is your last line of defense! Always consider Elimination/Substitution, Engineering and Administrative Controls First!

11 Personal Protective Equipment Protection for: Eyes Hands Hearing Respiratory Head Foot Whole body protection

12 Proper Clothing While Proper clothing may not explicitly be PPE, it is an essential element of proper laboratory practices. Long pants Long sleeves Closed-toe, non-absorbent shoes Protect your clothing with a lab coat or apron What are you taking home on your shoes?

13 HOW DO YOU KNOW WHAT KIND OF PPE?

14 How do we get to PPE Selection Hazard Assessment For the lab space Std. Operating Procedures (SOPs) For the process in a lab space PPE Training Record For the individual doing the process

15 Where to begin Assess workplace to determine if hazards are likely to necessitate the use of (PPE) If hazards are present the employer shall: Select and have each affected employee use appropriate PPE for identified hazards Communicate selection decisions Select PPE that fits each employee (d) Assessment

16 Hazard Assessment Written certification of hazard assessment identifies: Workplace evaluated Person certifying that the evaluation has been performed Date(s) of the hazard assessment Identification of document as a certification of hazard assessment

17 Create SOPs Create Standard Operating Procedures for identified hazards

18 PPE Train lab personnel and document training.

19 Training Requirements Employer must train employees before issuing PPE in at least these things: i. When PPE is necessary ii. What PPE is necessary iii. How to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE iv. Limitations of the PPE v. Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal of the PPE (f) Training

20 Do Employees Understand the Training? Workers must demonstrate an understanding of the training and the ability to use PPE properly before being allowed to perform work requiring the use of PPE Written certification, to verify that each employee has received and understood the required training, contains: Name of each employee trained Date(s) of training Subject of the certification (f) Training

21 When Is Training Required Again? Retraining necessary for employees without required understanding and skill: Changes in the workplace Changes in PPE used Inadequate knowledge or use of PPE (f) Training

22 Are there other circumstances that require repeated or periodic training? Respiratory Protection Annually

23 EYE AND FACE PROTECTION

24 What are some of the causes of eye injuries? Dust and other flying particles, such as metal shavings or sawdust Molten metal that might splash Acids and other caustic liquid chemicals that might splash Blood and other potentially infectious body fluids that might splash, spray, or splatter Intense light such as that created by welding and lasers

25 Safety Spectacles Made with metal/plastic safety frames Most operations require side shields Used for moderate impact from particles produced by such jobs as carpentry, woodworking, grinding, and scaling

26 Goggles Protect eyes, eye sockets, and the facial area immediately surrounding the eyes from impact, dust, and splashes Some goggles fit over corrective lenses Impact vs. Splash-Proof

27

28 Remember proper storage and Maintenance of PPE

29 Welding Shields Protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense radiant light, and protect face and eyes from flying sparks, metal spatter, and slag chips produced during welding, brazing, soldering, and cutting.

30 Eye and face protection Each affected employee must wear appropriately shaded filter lenses for protection from injurious light radiation

31 Laser Safety Goggles Protect eyes from intense concentrations of light produced by lasers. Consult Radiation Safety for more information on PPE Selection.

32 Face Shields Protect the face from nuisance dusts and potential splashes or sprays of hazardous liquids Face shields do not replace eye protection. Eye protection must be worn in addition to face protection where face protection is required.

33 Prescription Lenses Employees with prescription lenses: Incorporate prescription in eye protection or Wear eye protection over prescription lenses Without disturbing proper position of prescription lenses or the protective lenses Eye and face protection

34 Protective eye and face devices shall comply with ANSI Z Z

35 HAND PROTECTION

36 What are some of the hand injuries you need to guard against? Burns Bruises Abrasions Cuts Punctures Fractures Amputations Chemical Exposures

37 Hand Protection Choose the right gloves for the job Disposable vs. Reusable Latex vs. other glove materials For non-chemical work

38 Glove Selection and Use Not all gloves are the same Follow manufacturer s recommendations There is no one perfect glove for all chemicals Gloves to protect you vs. gloves to protect your work Remove gloves before leaving lab Never reuse disposable gloves Be aware of what you touch with your gloves. Keep gloved hands away from Other parts of your body Common touch surfaces (door knobs, keyboards) personal items (phones, pens). Remember: Contamination is not always visible

39 Use Manufacturer s Glove Selection Guide Manufacturers Publish guides for chemical resistance to glove types.

40 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION

41 Respiratory Protection There are many important steps that must be done in order to safely use a respirator. This may include hazard assessment, medical evaluation, fit testing, and training. If you feel you may need to wear a respirator contact EHS at and we will guide you through the process.

42 Some general Respiratory Protection Concepts The Primary objective: Prevent atmospheric contamination 1st Priority: Engineering controls: Enclosure or confinement of the operation, General and local ventilation, and Substitution of less toxic materials Only where engineering controls are not feasible should respirators be used

43 Respiratory protection program Where respirators are required, you need: Written program Worksite-specific procedures Required elements: Training Fit testing Medical evaluations Care and maintenance Procedures for respirator selection Procedures for routine & emergency use (c)(1) Respiratory protection program

44 Where respirator use is not required If employer permits voluntary use: Provide information in Appendix D Implement elements of written program necessary to ensure Medical ability to use Cleaned, stored, maintained to not cause health hazard Exception: Voluntary use of dust masks (c)(2) Where respirator use is not required

45 Types of Respirators in Labs Filter Masks Air Purifying Respirators Both function via filtering air. They can protect against dusts and toxic chemicals, but cannot replace air or oxygen in the air. They are not suited for low oxygen environments. To use them you must: Know chemicals present Know the concentrations of these chemicals Be properly fit tested

46 Types of Respirators in Labs

47 Filter Masks Limited use Agent-specific Must be fit-tested Level of protection varies IF REQUIRED are subject to same requirements as other Air Purifying Respirators

48 Air Purifying Respirator (APR) Protect against dusts and toxic chemicals Must know chemicals present Must know the concentrations of these chemicals Mask must be fitted to worker

49 APR Cartridges Particulate Filters: guard against dust, mist and fumes Chemical Cartridges: guard against vapors and gases Neither safe in oxygendeficient conditions Both types are very chemical and concentration specific

50 Contact EHS with Questions If you feel you may need to wear a respirator contact EHS at and we will guide you through the process.

51 LESS COMMON PPE

52 HEAD PROTECTION

53 (a) General requirements a. Ensure that each affected employee wears a protective helmet where there is a potential for head injury from falling objects

54 Classes and Types of Hard Hats Type I hard hats - reduce force of impact from a blow to the top of the head Type II hard hats - provide protection against both side impact (lateral) and blows to the top of the head

55 Classes and Types of Hard Hats Class G (old A) General Tested to withstand 2200 volts Class E (old B) Electrical Tested to withstand 20,000 volts Class C (old C) Conductive No electrical protection

56 (b) Criteria for protective helmets Protective helmets shall comply with ANSI Z (b) Criteria for protective helmets

57 FOOT PROTECTION

58 Protective Footwear General requirements Each affected employee must use protective footwear where there is danger of: Falling or rolling objects Objects piercing sole Feet exposed to electrical hazards Protective footwear shall comply with ANSI Z (b) Criteria for protective helmets

59 What are some of the causes of foot injuries? Heavy objects such as barrels or tools that might roll onto or fall on employees feet Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that might pierce the soles or uppers of ordinary shoes Molten metal that might splash on feet Hot or wet surfaces Slippery surfaces

60 Safety Shoes Have impact-resistant toes and heat-resistant soles that protect against hot surfaces common in roofing, paving, and hot metal industries Some have metal insoles to protect against puncture wounds May be designed to be electrically conductive for use in explosive atmospheres, or nonconductive to protect from workplace electrical hazards

61 Metatarsal Guards A part of the shoes or strapped to the outside of shoes to protect the instep from impact and compression.

62 ANSI Rated Foot protection will be marked to indicate the type and level of protection M = Male footwear(f = Female footwear) I = Impact rating(75 foot pounds in this example can also be 30 or 50) ANSI Z41 = ANSI footwear protection standard PT = Protective Toe sect ion of the standard 91 = year of the standard(in this example 1991) C = Compression rating This code is more complex than the others. Here is how to read it: 30 = 1,000 pounds;50 = 1,750; 75 = 2,500 (in this example) EH = protection from Electrical Hazards Mt = Metatarsal (top of the foot)protection rating (75 foot pounds in this example can also be 30 or 50)

63 HEARING PROTECTION

64 Examples of Hearing Protectors Earmuffs Earplugs Canal Caps

65 Hearing Protection 85 decibels sustained over 8 hr. work day EHS can monitor noise levels and determine if a hearing protection program is required

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