7. Exceptions and System Calls
|
|
- Olivia Short
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 7. Exceptions and System Calls Mark Handley CPU modes Recall the mode bit in the CPU PSW register: user-mode: only a subset of instructions and features are accessible. kernel-mode: all instructions and features are accessible. How does a user process ask the OS to perform a function for it? It is running in user-mode, so cannot directly access kernel memory or the hardware. If it could just directly switch to kernel-mode, there would be no security. 1
2 Exceptions What happens when a user process does something illegal? Divide-by-zero. Runs an illegal instruction. How does the Java Virtual Machine manage to throw an floating exception, rather than simply crash? Example: Illegal Instruction The halt instruction is illegal in user-mode. (in kernel mode, it halts the system). If a user-mode process calls halt, this generates a trap in the CPU, which suspends the user process, switches into kernel-mode, and calls a corresponding exception handler. What happens next depends on the OS. 2
3 Process Address Spaces 0xFFFFFFFF 0xC xBFFFFFFF Shared Kernel Memory Virtual Memory Addresses Process 1 User Area Process 2 User Area Process 3 User Area 0x Kernel Stack and Kernel Memory User Mode Kernel Mode SP SP USP kernel stack user stack kernel stack user stack Kernel memory is only accessible in kernel mode. User memory is mapped by the MMU, but kernel memory is generally shared (unmapped) by all processes. There is a separate kernel stack 3
4 Kernel Exception Handler When the OS starts, it fills in the Exception Vector Table. This contains pointers to code to run when a particular exception occurs. Interrupts are handled through the same table. CPU Exception Handling Save PC and PSW Load PC from Exception Vector CPU switches to kernel-mode Exception Vectors Exception Handlers code to handle exception A code to handle exception B Use PC to fetch next instruction code to handle exception C 4
5 Handling a Trap Trap occurs. CPU switches to kernel mode. CPU saves information about the current running program (PSW, PC, etc) on the kernel stack. CPU calls OS exception handler for this exception from the exception vector table. OS handles exception. Unix: look up exception handler in signal table. Win32: call a dispatcher with relevant interrupt object. Call relevant signal handler code. In some cases, terminates the process. In some cases, returns control to user process. If not fatal, calls return from exception CPU restores PSW and PC. Switches back to user-mode. User Exception Handling Execution by user process User Program OS Exception Handler Exception occurs Exception handler called Exception handler can pass control back to where the exception occurred Control passed to user program s exception handler 5
6 System Calls A system call is the mechanism by which a user process calls a kernel procedure. Used to do I/O, read/write files, etc. Basic mechanism is very similar to exception handling: Generate a trap. Kernel exception handler called. OS identifies which system call is required, and calls relevant procedure. Returns execution to user process on completion. System Calls: Generating a Trap TRAP instruction (68000) 4-bit opcode: TRAP #0 to TRAP #16 INT (interrupt) instruction (Pentium, etc) 8-bit opcode allows 256 different exceptions to be identified. Linux: INT 0x80 is a system call. Windows: INT 0x2E is a system call. 6
7 Processing a System Call User program libc API call libc API library Set up parameters System call Return result Kernel Validate Parameters Find and call correct procedure Return result System call table System call implementation Example System Call Call from C program: count = read(fd, &buffer, length); read up to length bytes of data from from file descriptor fd into buffer, and returns the number of bytes actually read, or -1 if an error occurred. C library call for read() calls the read system call. 7
8 Steps in Making a System Call read (fd, &buffer, nbytes) User program Push nbytes; Push &buffer; Push fd Call read function Increment SP libc API library Put code for read syscall in register; Trap to kernel (int 0x80) Return to caller Kernel Save state Validate syscall code Call call_table_base+code Return result System call table Validate read parameters from user stack Do read function Return System Call sanity checking Kernel does not trust user processes. Needs to validate any parameters from system call very carefully. Eg: buffers for I/O must be in user memory. Pentium has special instuctions: VERR - verify read instruction VERW - verify write instruction 8
9 System Calls For Process Management System Calls For File Management 9
10 System Calls For Directory Management System Calls For Miscellaneous Tasks 10
11 Unix vs Win32 System calls Summary System calls are how a user process gains access to functions provided by the OS. Implemented via trap to kernel. Much in common with exception/interrupt handling. Different systems have different system calls. 11
COS 318: Operating Systems
COS 318: Operating Systems OS Structures and System Calls Andy Bavier Computer Science Department Princeton University http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall10/cos318/ Outline Protection mechanisms
More informationCSC 2405: Computer Systems II
CSC 2405: Computer Systems II Spring 2013 (TR 8:30-9:45 in G86) Mirela Damian http://www.csc.villanova.edu/~mdamian/csc2405/ Introductions Mirela Damian Room 167A in the Mendel Science Building mirela.damian@villanova.edu
More informationOperating Systems and Networks
recap Operating Systems and Networks How OS manages multiple tasks Virtual memory Brief Linux demo Lecture 04: Introduction to OS-part 3 Behzad Bordbar 47 48 Contents Dual mode API to wrap system calls
More informationLast Class: OS and Computer Architecture. Last Class: OS and Computer Architecture
Last Class: OS and Computer Architecture System bus Network card CPU, memory, I/O devices, network card, system bus Lecture 3, page 1 Last Class: OS and Computer Architecture OS Service Protection Interrupts
More informationOperating Systems. Lecture 03. February 11, 2013
Operating Systems Lecture 03 February 11, 2013 Goals for Today Interrupts, traps and signals Hardware Protection System Calls Interrupts, Traps, and Signals The occurrence of an event is usually signaled
More informationLast Class: OS and Computer Architecture. Last Class: OS and Computer Architecture
Last Class: OS and Computer Architecture System bus Network card CPU, memory, I/O devices, network card, system bus Lecture 3, page 1 Last Class: OS and Computer Architecture OS Service Protection Interrupts
More informationOPERATING SYSTEM SERVICES
OPERATING SYSTEM SERVICES USER INTERFACE Command line interface(cli):uses text commands and a method for entering them Batch interface(bi):commands and directives to control those commands are entered
More informationChapter 6, The Operating System Machine Level
Chapter 6, The Operating System Machine Level 6.1 Virtual Memory 6.2 Virtual I/O Instructions 6.3 Virtual Instructions For Parallel Processing 6.4 Example Operating Systems 6.5 Summary Virtual Memory General
More informationProcess Description and Control. 2004-2008 william stallings, maurizio pizzonia - sistemi operativi
Process Description and Control 1 Process A program in execution (running) on a computer The entity that can be assigned to and executed on a processor A unit of activity characterized by a at least one
More informationExceptions in MIPS. know the exception mechanism in MIPS be able to write a simple exception handler for a MIPS machine
7 Objectives After completing this lab you will: know the exception mechanism in MIPS be able to write a simple exception handler for a MIPS machine Introduction Branches and jumps provide ways to change
More informationOperating Systems. Privileged Instructions
Operating Systems Operating systems manage processes and resources Processes are executing instances of programs may be the same or different programs process 1 code data process 2 code data process 3
More informationOperating Systems. Design and Implementation. Andrew S. Tanenbaum Melanie Rieback Arno Bakker. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Operating Systems Design and Implementation Andrew S. Tanenbaum Melanie Rieback Arno Bakker Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Operating Systems - Winter 2012 Outline Introduction What is an OS? Concepts Processes
More informationOutline. Operating Systems Design and Implementation. Chap 1 - Overview. What is an OS? 28/10/2014. Introduction
Operating Systems Design and Implementation Andrew S. Tanenbaum Melanie Rieback Arno Bakker Outline Introduction What is an OS? Concepts Processes and Threads Memory Management File Systems Vrije Universiteit
More informationOPERATING SYSTEMS STRUCTURES
S Jerry Breecher 2: OS Structures 1 Structures What Is In This Chapter? System Components System Calls How Components Fit Together Virtual Machine 2: OS Structures 2 SYSTEM COMPONENTS These are the pieces
More informationOperating System Overview. Otto J. Anshus
Operating System Overview Otto J. Anshus A Typical Computer CPU... CPU Memory Chipset I/O bus ROM Keyboard Network A Typical Computer System CPU. CPU Memory Application(s) Operating System ROM OS Apps
More informationChapter 1 Computer System Overview
Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles Chapter 1 Computer System Overview Eighth Edition By William Stallings Operating System Exploits the hardware resources of one or more processors Provides
More information1. Computer System Structure and Components
1 Computer System Structure and Components Computer System Layers Various Computer Programs OS System Calls (eg, fork, execv, write, etc) KERNEL/Behavior or CPU Device Drivers Device Controllers Devices
More informationCS161: Operating Systems
CS161: Operating Systems Matt Welsh mdw@eecs.harvard.edu Lecture 2: OS Structure and System Calls February 6, 2007 1 Lecture Overview Protection Boundaries and Privilege Levels What makes the kernel different
More informationx86 ISA Modifications to support Virtual Machines
x86 ISA Modifications to support Virtual Machines Douglas Beal Ashish Kumar Gupta CSE 548 Project Outline of the talk Review of Virtual Machines What complicates Virtualization Technique for Virtualization
More informationI/O. Input/Output. Types of devices. Interface. Computer hardware
I/O Input/Output One of the functions of the OS, controlling the I/O devices Wide range in type and speed The OS is concerned with how the interface between the hardware and the user is made The goal in
More informationOperating System Components
Lecture Overview Operating system software introduction OS components OS services OS structure Operating Systems - April 24, 2001 Operating System Components Process management Memory management Secondary
More informationProcesses and Non-Preemptive Scheduling. Otto J. Anshus
Processes and Non-Preemptive Scheduling Otto J. Anshus 1 Concurrency and Process Challenge: Physical reality is Concurrent Smart to do concurrent software instead of sequential? At least we want to have
More informationELEC 377. Operating Systems. Week 1 Class 3
Operating Systems Week 1 Class 3 Last Class! Computer System Structure, Controllers! Interrupts & Traps! I/O structure and device queues.! Storage Structure & Caching! Hardware Protection! Dual Mode Operation
More informationIntel P6 Systemprogrammering 2007 Föreläsning 5 P6/Linux Memory System
Intel P6 Systemprogrammering 07 Föreläsning 5 P6/Linux ory System Topics P6 address translation Linux memory management Linux page fault handling memory mapping Internal Designation for Successor to Pentium
More information150127-Microprocessor & Assembly Language
Chapter 3 Z80 Microprocessor Architecture The Z 80 is one of the most talented 8 bit microprocessors, and many microprocessor-based systems are designed around the Z80. The Z80 microprocessor needs an
More informationCS420: Operating Systems OS Services & System Calls
NK YORK COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVANIA HG OK 2 YORK COLLEGE OF PENNSYLVAN OS Services & System Calls James Moscola Department of Physical Sciences York College of Pennsylvania Based on Operating System Concepts,
More informationCS3600 SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
CS3600 SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY Lecture 2: Operating System Structures Prof. Alan Mislove (amislove@ccs.neu.edu) Operating System Services Operating systems provide an environment for
More informationOperating System Structure
Operating System Structure Lecture 3 Disclaimer: some slides are adopted from the book authors slides with permission Recap Computer architecture CPU, memory, disk, I/O devices Memory hierarchy Architectural
More informationOperating System Structures
COP 4610: Introduction to Operating Systems (Spring 2015) Operating System Structures Zhi Wang Florida State University Content Operating system services User interface System calls System programs Operating
More informationCS 377: Operating Systems. Outline. A review of what you ve learned, and how it applies to a real operating system. Lecture 25 - Linux Case Study
CS 377: Operating Systems Lecture 25 - Linux Case Study Guest Lecturer: Tim Wood Outline Linux History Design Principles System Overview Process Scheduling Memory Management File Systems A review of what
More informationObjectives. Chapter 2: Operating-System Structures. Operating System Services (Cont.) Operating System Services. Operating System Services (Cont.
Objectives To describe the services an operating system provides to users, processes, and other systems To discuss the various ways of structuring an operating system Chapter 2: Operating-System Structures
More informationW4118 Operating Systems. Junfeng Yang
W4118 Operating Systems Junfeng Yang Outline Linux overview Interrupt in Linux System call in Linux What is Linux A modern, open-source OS, based on UNIX standards 1991, 0.1 MLOC, single developer Linus
More informationCOS 318: Operating Systems. Virtual Machine Monitors
COS 318: Operating Systems Virtual Machine Monitors Kai Li and Andy Bavier Computer Science Department Princeton University http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall13/cos318/ Introduction u Have
More informationpicojava TM : A Hardware Implementation of the Java Virtual Machine
picojava TM : A Hardware Implementation of the Java Virtual Machine Marc Tremblay and Michael O Connor Sun Microelectronics Slide 1 The Java picojava Synergy Java s origins lie in improving the consumer
More informationIntroduction. What is an Operating System?
Introduction What is an Operating System? 1 What is an Operating System? 2 Why is an Operating System Needed? 3 How Did They Develop? Historical Approach Affect of Architecture 4 Efficient Utilization
More informationI/O Device and Drivers
COS 318: Operating Systems I/O Device and Drivers Prof. Margaret Martonosi Computer Science Department Princeton University http://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall11/cos318/ Announcements Project
More informationReview from last time. CS 537 Lecture 3 OS Structure. OS structure. What you should learn from this lecture
Review from last time CS 537 Lecture 3 OS Structure What HW structures are used by the OS? What is a system call? Michael Swift Remzi Arpaci-Dussea, Michael Swift 1 Remzi Arpaci-Dussea, Michael Swift 2
More informationVirtual vs Physical Addresses
Virtual vs Physical Addresses Physical addresses refer to hardware addresses of physical memory. Virtual addresses refer to the virtual store viewed by the process. virtual addresses might be the same
More informationLinux Kernel Architecture
Linux Kernel Architecture Amir Hossein Payberah payberah@yahoo.com Contents What is Kernel? Kernel Architecture Overview User Space Kernel Space Kernel Functional Overview File System Process Management
More informationAn Implementation Of Multiprocessor Linux
An Implementation Of Multiprocessor Linux This document describes the implementation of a simple SMP Linux kernel extension and how to use this to develop SMP Linux kernels for architectures other than
More informationHave both hardware and software. Want to hide the details from the programmer (user).
Input/Output Devices Chapter 5 of Tanenbaum. Have both hardware and software. Want to hide the details from the programmer (user). Ideally have the same interface to all devices (device independence).
More informationFRONT FLYLEAF PAGE. This page has been intentionally left blank
FRONT FLYLEAF PAGE This page has been intentionally left blank Abstract The research performed under this publication will combine virtualization technology with current kernel debugging techniques to
More informationCPS221 Lecture: Operating System Structure; Virtual Machines
Objectives CPS221 Lecture: Operating System Structure; Virtual Machines 1. To discuss various ways of structuring the operating system proper 2. To discuss virtual machines Materials: 1. Projectable of
More informationVirtual Machines. COMP 3361: Operating Systems I Winter 2015 http://www.cs.du.edu/3361
s COMP 3361: Operating Systems I Winter 2015 http://www.cs.du.edu/3361 1 Virtualization! Create illusion of multiple machines on the same physical hardware! Single computer hosts multiple virtual machines
More informationPROGRAMMING CONCEPTS AND EMBEDDED PROGRAMMING IN C, C++ and JAVA: Lesson-4: Data Structures: Stacks
PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS AND EMBEDDED PROGRAMMING IN C, C++ and JAVA: Lesson-4: Data Structures: Stacks 1 STACK A structure with a series of data elements with last sent element waiting for a delete operation.
More informationThe Plan Today... System Calls and API's Basics of OS design Virtual Machines
System Calls + The Plan Today... System Calls and API's Basics of OS design Virtual Machines System Calls System programs interact with the OS (and ultimately hardware) through system calls. Called when
More informationCS5460: Operating Systems
CS5460: Operating Systems Lecture 13: Memory Management (Chapter 8) Where are we? Basic OS structure, HW/SW interface, interrupts, scheduling Concurrency Memory management Storage management Other topics
More informationMemory Management Outline. Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmented Paging
Memory Management Outline Background Swapping Contiguous Memory Allocation Paging Segmentation Segmented Paging 1 Background Memory is a large array of bytes memory and registers are only storage CPU can
More informationCOS 318: Operating Systems. I/O Device and Drivers. Input and Output. Definitions and General Method. Revisit Hardware
COS 318: Operating Systems I/O and Drivers Input and Output A computer s job is to process data Computation (, cache, and memory) Move data into and out of a system (between I/O devices and memory) Challenges
More informationChapter 3 Operating-System Structures
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Computer-System Structures 3. Operating-System Structures 4. Processes 5. Threads 6. CPU Scheduling 7. Process Synchronization 8. Deadlocks 9. Memory Management 10. Virtual
More informationOverview of Operating Systems Instructor: Dr. Tongping Liu
Overview of Operating Systems Instructor: Dr. Tongping Liu Thank Dr. Dakai Zhu and Dr. Palden Lama for providing their slides. 1 Lecture Outline Operating System: what is it? Evolution of Computer Systems
More informationCSE 120 Principles of Operating Systems. Modules, Interfaces, Structure
CSE 120 Principles of Operating Systems Fall 2000 Lecture 3: Operating System Modules, Interfaces, and Structure Geoffrey M. Voelker Modules, Interfaces, Structure We roughly defined an OS as the layer
More informationExample of Standard API
16 Example of Standard API System Call Implementation Typically, a number associated with each system call System call interface maintains a table indexed according to these numbers The system call interface
More informationDevice Management Functions
REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS Lesson-6: Device Management Functions 1 1. Device manager functions 2 Device Driver ISRs Number of device driver ISRs in a system, Each device or device function having s a
More informationMICROPROCESSOR. Exclusive for IACE Students www.iace.co.in iacehyd.blogspot.in Ph: 9700077455/422 Page 1
MICROPROCESSOR A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer s central processing unit (CPU) on a single Integrated (IC), or at most a few integrated circuit. It is a multipurpose, programmable
More informationPage 1 of 5. IS 335: Information Technology in Business Lecture Outline Operating Systems
Lecture Outline Operating Systems Objectives Describe the functions and layers of an operating system List the resources allocated by the operating system and describe the allocation process Explain how
More informationProgramming Interface. for. Bus Master IDE Controller. Revision 1.0
Programming Interface for Bus Master IDE Controller Revision 1.0 5/16/94 Until this specification is ratified, it is solely owned and maintained by: Brad Hosler, Intel Corporation bwh@salem.intel.com (please
More informationThe Operating System and the Kernel
The Kernel and System Calls 1 The Operating System and the Kernel We will use the following terminology: kernel: The operating system kernel is the part of the operating system that responds to system
More informationOperating Systems: Basic Concepts and History
Introduction to Operating Systems Operating Systems: Basic Concepts and History An operating system is the interface between the user and the architecture. User Applications Operating System Hardware Virtual
More informationChapter 2 System Structures
Chapter 2 System Structures Operating-System Structures Goals: Provide a way to understand an operating systems Services Interface System Components The type of system desired is the basis for choices
More informationReal Time Control Under UNIX for RCCL
1 Real Time Control Under UNIX for RCCL (3rd International Symposium on Robotics and Manufacturing Vancouver, Canada, July 18-20, 1990) John Lloyd and Mike Parker McGill University, Research Center for
More informationCPU Organization and Assembly Language
COS 140 Foundations of Computer Science School of Computing and Information Science University of Maine October 2, 2015 Outline 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Homework and announcements Reading: Chapter 12 Homework:
More informationLecture 1 Operating System Overview
Lecture 1 Operating System Overview What is an Operating System? A program that acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer hardware. The Major Objectives of an Operating system
More informationAn Introduction to the ARM 7 Architecture
An Introduction to the ARM 7 Architecture Trevor Martin CEng, MIEE Technical Director This article gives an overview of the ARM 7 architecture and a description of its major features for a developer new
More informationCHAPTER 7: The CPU and Memory
CHAPTER 7: The CPU and Memory The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software & Networking: An Information Technology Approach 4th Edition, Irv Englander John Wiley and Sons 2010 PowerPoint slides
More informationA Choices Hypervisor on the ARM architecture
A Choices Hypervisor on the ARM architecture Rishi Bhardwaj, Phillip Reames, Russell Greenspan Vijay Srinivas Nori, Ercan Ucan ABSTRACT Choices is an object oriented operating system that runs on the x86
More informationHow do Users and Processes interact with the Operating System? Services for Processes. OS Structure with Services. Services for the OS Itself
How do Users and Processes interact with the Operating System? Users interact indirectly through a collection of system programs that make up the operating system interface. The interface could be: A GUI,
More informationOperating System Organization. Purpose of an OS
Slide 3-1 Operating System Organization Purpose of an OS Slide 3-2 es Coordinate Use of the Abstractions he Abstractions Create the Abstractions 1 OS Requirements Slide 3-3 Provide resource abstractions
More informationSystem Calls and Standard I/O
System Calls and Standard I/O Professor Jennifer Rexford http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~jrex 1 Goals of Today s Class System calls o How a user process contacts the Operating System o For advanced services
More informationDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. 6.828 Operating System Engineering: Fall 2005
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 6.828 Operating System Engineering: Fall 2005 Quiz II Solutions Average 84, median 83, standard deviation
More informationCS 695 Topics in Virtualization and Cloud Computing. More Introduction + Processor Virtualization
CS 695 Topics in Virtualization and Cloud Computing More Introduction + Processor Virtualization (source for all images: Virtual Machines: Versatile Platforms for Systems and Processes Morgan Kaufmann;
More informationVirtualization. Clothing the Wolf in Wool. Wednesday, April 17, 13
Virtualization Clothing the Wolf in Wool Virtual Machines Began in 1960s with IBM and MIT Project MAC Also called open shop operating systems Present user with the view of a bare machine Execute most instructions
More informationVirtualization. Jia Rao Assistant Professor in CS http://cs.uccs.edu/~jrao/
Virtualization Jia Rao Assistant Professor in CS http://cs.uccs.edu/~jrao/ What is Virtualization? Virtualization is the simulation of the software and/ or hardware upon which other software runs. This
More informationPresentation of Diagnosing performance overheads in the Xen virtual machine environment
Presentation of Diagnosing performance overheads in the Xen virtual machine environment September 26, 2005 Framework Using to fix the Network Anomaly Xen Network Performance Test Using Outline 1 Introduction
More informationLesson Objectives. To provide a grand tour of the major operating systems components To provide coverage of basic computer system organization
Lesson Objectives To provide a grand tour of the major operating systems components To provide coverage of basic computer system organization AE3B33OSD Lesson 1 / Page 2 What is an Operating System? A
More informationNetworks and Operating Systems (252-0062-00) Chapter 1: Introduction to Operating Systems
spcl.inf.ethz.ch ADRIAN PERRIG & TORSTEN HOEFLER Networks and Operating Systems (252-0062-00) Chapter 1: Introduction to Operating Systems If Operating Systems were Airways (~year 2000) UNIX Airways Everyone
More informationTechnical Properties. Mobile Operating Systems. Overview Concepts of Mobile. Functions Processes. Lecture 11. Memory Management.
Overview Concepts of Mobile Operating Systems Lecture 11 Concepts of Mobile Operating Systems Mobile Business I (WS 2007/08) Prof Dr Kai Rannenberg Chair of Mobile Business and Multilateral Security Johann
More informationLecture 5. User-Mode Linux. Jeff Dike. November 7, 2012. Operating Systems Practical. OSP Lecture 5, UML 1/33
Lecture 5 User-Mode Linux Jeff Dike Operating Systems Practical November 7, 2012 OSP Lecture 5, UML 1/33 Contents User-Mode Linux Keywords Resources Questions OSP Lecture 5, UML 2/33 Outline User-Mode
More informationARM Virtualization: CPU & MMU Issues
ARM Virtualization: CPU & MMU Issues Prashanth Bungale, Sr. Member of Technical Staff 2010 VMware Inc. All rights reserved Overview Virtualizability and Sensitive Instructions ARM CPU State Sensitive Instructions
More informationInstruction Set Architecture
Instruction Set Architecture Consider x := y+z. (x, y, z are memory variables) 1-address instructions 2-address instructions LOAD y (r :=y) ADD y,z (y := y+z) ADD z (r:=r+z) MOVE x,y (x := y) STORE x (x:=r)
More informationMicrokernels, virtualization, exokernels. Tutorial 1 CSC469
Microkernels, virtualization, exokernels Tutorial 1 CSC469 Monolithic kernel vs Microkernel Monolithic OS kernel Application VFS System call User mode What was the main idea? What were the problems? IPC,
More informationThe Java Virtual Machine and Mobile Devices. John Buford, Ph.D. buford@alum.mit.edu Oct 2003 Presented to Gordon College CS 311
The Java Virtual Machine and Mobile Devices John Buford, Ph.D. buford@alum.mit.edu Oct 2003 Presented to Gordon College CS 311 Objectives Review virtual machine concept Introduce stack machine architecture
More informationWindows NT. Chapter 11 Case Study 2: Windows 2000. Windows 2000 (2) Windows 2000 (1) Different versions of Windows 2000
Chapter 11 Case Study 2: Windows 2000 11.1 History of windows 2000 11.2 Programming windows 2000 11.3 System structure 11.4 Processes and threads in windows 2000 11.5 Memory management 11.6 Input/output
More informationChapter 3: Operating-System Structures. System Components Operating System Services System Calls System Programs System Structure Virtual Machines
Chapter 3: Operating-System Structures System Components Operating System Services System Calls System Programs System Structure Virtual Machines Operating System Concepts 3.1 Common System Components
More informationADVANCED PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES AND MEMORY ORGANISATION Lesson-12: ARM
ADVANCED PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES AND MEMORY ORGANISATION Lesson-12: ARM 1 The ARM architecture processors popular in Mobile phone systems 2 ARM Features ARM has 32-bit architecture but supports 16 bit
More informationKVM: A Hypervisor for All Seasons. Avi Kivity avi@qumranet.com
KVM: A Hypervisor for All Seasons Avi Kivity avi@qumranet.com November 2007 Virtualization Simulation of computer system in software Components Processor: register state, instructions, exceptions Memory
More informationProceedings of the 9th USENIX Security Symposium
USENIX Association Proceedings of the 9th USENIX Security Symposium Denver, Colorado, USA August 14 17, 2000 THE ADVANCED COMPUTING SYSTEMS ASSOCIATION 2000 by The USENIX Association All Rights Reserved
More informationCHAPTER 6 TASK MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 6 TASK MANAGEMENT This chapter describes the IA-32 architecture s task management facilities. These facilities are only available when the processor is running in protected mode. 6.1. TASK MANAGEMENT
More informationException and Interrupt Handling in ARM
Exception and Interrupt Handling in ARM Architectures and Design Methods for Embedded Systems Summer Semester 2006 Author: Ahmed Fathy Mohammed Abdelrazek Advisor: Dominik Lücke Abstract We discuss exceptions
More informationUses for Virtual Machines. Virtual Machines. There are several uses for virtual machines:
Virtual Machines Uses for Virtual Machines Virtual machine technology, often just called virtualization, makes one computer behave as several computers by sharing the resources of a single computer between
More informationHardware Assisted Virtualization
Hardware Assisted Virtualization G. Lettieri 21 Oct. 2015 1 Introduction In the hardware-assisted virtualization technique we try to execute the instructions of the target machine directly on the host
More informationOperating Systems 4 th Class
Operating Systems 4 th Class Lecture 1 Operating Systems Operating systems are essential part of any computer system. Therefore, a course in operating systems is an essential part of any computer science
More informationAutomatic Logging of Operating System Effects to Guide Application-Level Architecture Simulation
Automatic Logging of Operating System Effects to Guide Application-Level Architecture Simulation Satish Narayanasamy, Cristiano Pereira, Harish Patil, Robert Cohn, and Brad Calder Computer Science and
More informationKernel Types System Calls. Operating Systems. Autumn 2013 CS4023
Operating Systems Autumn 2013 Outline 1 2 Types of 2.4, SGG The OS Kernel The kernel is the central component of an OS It has complete control over everything that occurs in the system Kernel overview
More informationVirtualization for Cloud Computing
Virtualization for Cloud Computing Dr. Sanjay P. Ahuja, Ph.D. 2010-14 FIS Distinguished Professor of Computer Science School of Computing, UNF CLOUD COMPUTING On demand provision of computational resources
More informationComputer-System Architecture
Chapter 2: Computer-System Structures Computer System Operation I/O Structure Storage Structure Storage Hierarchy Hardware Protection General System Architecture 2.1 Computer-System Architecture 2.2 Computer-System
More informationADVANCED PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES AND MEMORY ORGANISATION Lesson-17: Memory organisation, and types of memory
ADVANCED PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURES AND MEMORY ORGANISATION Lesson-17: Memory organisation, and types of memory 1 1. Memory Organisation 2 Random access model A memory-, a data byte, or a word, or a double
More informationMulti-core Programming System Overview
Multi-core Programming System Overview Based on slides from Intel Software College and Multi-Core Programming increasing performance through software multi-threading by Shameem Akhter and Jason Roberts,
More information8085 INSTRUCTION SET
DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTIONS Opcode Operand Description 8085 INSTRUCTION SET INSTRUCTION DETAILS Copy from source to destination OV Rd, Rs This instruction copies the contents of the source, Rs register
More informationOperating System Structures
Operating System Structures Meelis ROOS mroos@ut.ee Institute of Computer Science Tartu University fall 2009 Literature A. S. Tanenbaum. Modern Operating Systems. 2nd ed. Prentice Hall. 2001. G. Nutt.
More information