A Clean Vehicle Definition. Jonas Ericson City of Stockholm

Transcription

1 A Clean Vehicle Definition Jonas Ericson City of Stockholm

2 clean vehicles 20 %!

3 98 % of 28 charging the fast ton fuelling chargers COpoints 2 /year stations

4 The Swedish Clean Vehicle definition has helped us a lot

5 The Municipal fleet light duty vehicles Stockholm City Council decision 2010: By 2015: 100 % Clean Vehicles in municipal fleet Setting objectives for private sector 50 % of all new vehicles in Stockholm 16 % renewable fuel sold 10 % of all new trucks sold

6 Clean Municipal fleet heavy duty vehicles Now outsourced Clean vehicles required in the contract

7 Greening transport through procurement Companies working for the city 100 % Clean vehicles Public transport Waste collection Taxis Courier service Disabled transport School transports Sick transports Security guards Moving Internal mail service

8 Using the Swedish Clean Vehicle definition Setting the example! requiring clean vehicles in transport services and goods with embedded transport joint procurement easy to unite! incentives: Parking fees/access to parking LEZ, Congestion charges Access to certain areas Taxi Priority Tax incentives

9 The private companies follow Coca-Cola Scandic Hotels Dagens Nyheter Swedish television IKEA Danzas At least one clean vehicle in my fleet

10 Sellings of Clean vehicles in Stockholm National definition New, stricter National definition Local definitions

11 clean vehicles 20 %!

12 Challenge # 1 The Rationale is CVD Compulsory for Public entities How strict can it be? Main objective of CVD: Create demand for new, standard vehicles BUT public sometimes buy used vehicles should they? many public vehicles are non-standard the most polluting vehicles are not public

13 Emissions from vehicle categories Data from Stockholm, London, Manchester, Barcelona, Madrid, Budapest Rotterdam NOx (%) PM (%) GHG (%) Public ownership (%) Procurement influence Cars HD trucks LDV Buses

14 Conclusion # 1 Also private procurement and goods/service procurement necessary to create clean vehicle market

15 A definition of clean vehicles Important features Understandable, easy to apply and to communicate. Also non-experts should be able to distinguish Clear and undisputable: This vehicle is OK, that one is not Technology neutral Gradually stricter criteria, eg. revised every 5 th year

16 Clear, simple, undisputable 4 th gen 3 rd gen 2 nd gen 1 st gen

17 Challenge # 2 Difficult to include several different criteria Some conflict of environmental interest NOx Energy efficiency (Diesel) GHG Energy efficiency (Biogas)

18 Which criteria to use? Current CVD Local emissions CO 2 -emissions Energy efficiency Noise?

19 Noise

20 Local emissions? For Euro 6/VI: 4-5 classes 1. Electric almost no local emissions 2. Plugin hybrids no emissions when electric 3. Biogas, E85, ED95 slightly better than petrol 4. Petrol 5. Diesel

21 Conclusion # 2a Ranking order remains regardless Euro standard

22 Energy efficiency For technology neutrality: Well-to-wheel 5-6 classes 1. Electric from hydro or CHP: ca 60 % 2. Diesel and ED95 in heavy duty: % 3. Biogas in Heavy duty: % 4. Diesel cars, Hybrid-electric: % 5. Ethanol, biogas, petrol: % 6. Electric, no CHP: % (Data may slight need revision)

23 GHG emissions For technology neutrality. Well-to-wheel- emissions

24 Simple WTW-calculation From 2017 Biofuels must reduce GHG emissions 50 % or more Hence: Tailpipe emissions x 50 % of biofuel content Eg. E85 Golf Tailpipe emissions 119 g/km. WTW= 0,85 x 0,5 x ,15 x119 = 68,5 g CO 2 /km Eg Electric Golf Tailpipe emissions 0 g/km Swedish electricity mix: 30 g CO 2 /kwh x 0,127 = 3,81 g CO 2 /km European electricity mix 558 g CO 2 /kwh x 0,127 = 70,9 g CO 2 /km

25 Comparison Local emissions Electric Plugin hybrids Biogas, CNG, E85, ED95 Petrol Diesel GHG emissions Electric Biogas PHEV green electric E85, ED95 PHEV EU electric Diesel, CNG Petrol Energy efficiency Electric hydro/chp HDV Diesel, ED95 HDV Biogas Diesel, Hybrid-elec E85, biogas Petrol, CNG Electric no CHP

26 Conclusion # 2b Ranking order rather similar for local emissions and climate efficiency Discrepancy with energy efficiency - per se However Low GHG fuel + energy efficiency = = Climate Efficency = WTW CO 2 /km

27 Example: Euro 6-cars + Climate efficiency Class WTW-CO2 (g/km) Ex on vehicles A 0-30 Battery electric green electricity B Battery electric, European electricity; small PHEV on green electricity; small biogas C Large biogas, small E85, Large PHEV on green electricity, small diesel D small petrol, medium size diesel, ethanol and CNG, large biogas, small EV on European fuel mix

28 Clear, simple, undisputable 4 th gen 3 rd gen 2 nd gen 1 st gen