Tom Dunleavy CACPFO Rules Interpreter 15 September 2016

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1 Tom Dunleavy CACPFO Rules Interpreter 15 September 2016

2 BLOCKING Definition Legal Techniques BLOCKING DEMONSTRATION J. Bruno ILLEGAL BLOCKS PRE-SEASON TEST (Q11-20) WEEK #2 PLAYS & SITUATIONS 2

3 Understand the technical aspects of legal blocking techniques (The Rule). Understand illegal techniques. Demonstrate legal techniques and know how to apply the rule. 3

4 BLOCKING is obstructing an opponent by contacting him with any part of the blocker s body (2-3-1). Blocking by either team is permissible, unless it is KCI, pass interference, a personal foul or an illegal block. 4

5 History Use of Hands When Blocking. Prior to 1988 ILLEGAL 1988 Rule Change Implemented the Open Hand Blocking Technique (2-3-2). 5

6 Players may contact opponents with the arms or hands, if they use a legal technique as described in 2-3-2: Closed or Cupped Hand Technique (nearly obsolete). Elbows inside or outside the shoulders. Hands closed or cupped, and NOT facing the opponent Forearms extended <45-deg. 6

7 Open Hand Technique.hand(s) shall be: In advance of the elbow. Inside the frame of the blocker s body (in front, at or below the shoulders). Inside the frame of the opponent s body (at or below opponents shoulders, but not in the back, unless the opponent turns). At or below the shoulders of the blocker (unless the opponents squats/ducks/submarines, etc. Hands are open when facing the opponent, or when forearms are extended >45-deg. 7

8 Blocker shall NOT: Lock his hands together. Swing/flip, throw the elbows or forearms. Initiate contact with an opponent above the shoulders. 8

9 Legal Blocking techniques can be a foul if the block occurs when blocking is prohibited. Examples are: Contacting the snapper in a scrimmage kick formation Blocking by or on eligible receivers downfield Blocking by receivers who signal for a fair catch Kick catch interference Blocking the kicker or holder Blocking a player whose helmet has come off 9

10 Offensive Player may use his hands/arms to: As a runner, ward off or push any player (wide latitude). During a kick, to ward off an opponent attempting to block him. To push/pull or ward off an opponent to reach a loose ball that he may legally possess (wide latitude). Offensive blocker shall NOT: Use a technique that is not permissible by rule. Grasp or encircle any teammate (interlocked blocking). Hold, which is grasping, encircling, hooking, pulling, etc. that illegally obstructs an opponent. Holding, Illegal Use of Hands, Interlocked Blocking: 10 yards. 10

11 OFFENSIVE BLOCKING DEMONSTRATION 11

12 Defensive Players may use his hands/arms to: Ward off an opponent who is trying to block him. Ward off an opponent to get to a loose ball or the runner (wide latitude). Defensive Blockers shall NOT: Use a technique that is not permissible by rule. Use his hands or arms to hook, lock, clamp, grasp, encircle or hold in an effort to restrain an opponent other than the runner. Contact an eligible receiver who is no longer a potential blocker. Holding, Illegal Use of Hands: 10 yards. 12

13 DEFENSIVE DEMONSTRATION 13

14 QUESTIONS ON THE LEGAL TECHNIQUE 14

15 CLIPPING is a block against an opponent when the initial contact is from behind, at or below the waist, and NOT against a player who is a runner or pretending to be a runner. The legality of the block is based on the initial contact (2-5-3). CLIPPING is ALWAYS illegal. 15

16 .is a block against an opponent when the initial contact is in the opponent s back, inside the shoulders, below the helmet, above the waist, and NOT against a player who is a runner or pretending to be a runner. To be legal, a block in the back must be: By an offensive lineman who is in the zone at the snap In the zone Against an opponent who is in the zone at the snap. Before the ball leaves the zone. 16

17 Defensive players are allowed to push an opponent in the back above the waist if they are trying to get to the runner Players of either team may push or pull in the back when trying to reach a loose ball (fumble, backward pass, a kick they are eligible to touch, or a tipped forward pass) Players are also allowed to push in the back if they are warding off a blocker 17

18 Clipping Block in the Back 15 yard penalty 10 yard penalty O Lineman against a Defensive player in the FBZ while ball is in FBZ is legal. Legal anywhere on the field to get at the runner, a loose ball that the blocker may legally touch or possess or to ward off a block 18

19 A block that is allowed under specific circumstances (9-3-2, ) It also depends on the initial contact By definition, the prohibition only applies when the opponents have one or both feet on the ground which means that player who jumps up in order to block a pass or a kick can be contacted below the waist 19

20 Both players must have been on their line of scrimmage and in the zone at the snap (2-17-2) The contact must take place in the zone Implications During a free kick, there is no zone During a scrimmage kick, the ball leaves the zone almost immediately, so any blocking below the waist has to occur almost simultaneous with the snap During a change in possession, the zone has ceased to exist 20

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26 Penalty is 15 yards Both offensive and defensive players can be guilty of a chop block Two high blocks are legal when blocking is allowed Two low blocks are legal where low blocks are legal High-low or low-high blocks are chop blocks Low, in this case, is at the knee or below (2-3-8) 26

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28 BLOCKING TECHNIQUE FREE-BLOCKING ZONE BLOCK BELOW WAIST BLOCK IN BACK CLIPPING CHOP BLOCKS 28

29 Kick Specific Kick-Catching Interference Roughing the Snapper Roughing the Kicker Receiver Blocking After Giving a Valid or Invalid Fair Catch Signal. Blocking a Kicker or Holder of a Free Kick Before kicker has advanced 5 yards or Before the kick has touched the ground or any player K on a Free Kick Shall Not Block R Before the kick has traveled 10 yards or K is eligible to recover the kick or R initiates a block 29

30 Make Any Contact with an Opponent that is Deemed Unnecessary or Excessive & Which Excites Roughness Targeting (taking aim and initiating contact against an opponent above the shoulders with a players own arm/fist/forearm/elbow, shoulder or helmet. Illegal Helmet Contact (butt blocking, face tackling & spearing). Initiating Contact on a Player Whose Helmet Comes Off Pass Interference 30

31 Clip & Chop Block Block Below the Waist (note FBZ exception). Block in the Back (FBZ exception, or when pursuing a loose ball). Tripping (except the runner) Grasp an Opponents Facemask Others (late hit, piling on, cheap shots, etc) 31

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33 A 50. A12 runs for a 10 yard gain to the B-40. At the end of the down, A12 taunts team B and the LJ drops a flag for unsportsmanlike conduct. BJ then drops a late flag since team B had 12 players participating during the down, but he didn t have a chance to count them before the snap. The correct enforcement is: A. Equal 15-yd DBF will cancel. Result is A B-40. B. Enforce both penalties. Result is A 1/10@ 50. C. Enforce both penalties. Result is A 50. Applicable Principles Live Ball & DBF are enforced separately. New Series (5-1-2) DBF prior to RFP on a new series..line to gain is established after enforcement of USC/DBF (5-3-1). RULING: - b. Enforce both penalties A 1/10. 33

34 A B-20. Team B is leading, Score is A-23, B-26 with under 2 minutes remaining in the game, and Team A is driving. A12 drops back to pass and throws a completion to A88 at the B-5 yard line. A88 fights for the goal-line, but the ball is punched loose by B40 at the B-2 yard line. The loose ball goes into the end zone where B22 illegally bats the ball over the end line. What is the correct enforcement of the illegal bat: A. Safety. Enforce the illegal bat on the kickoff. B. Safety. Kickoff from the K-20. C. A s ball at the B-1 after enforcement from spot of fumble. Applicable Principles Foul During a Running Play, Basic Spot is Spot of Fumble. ABO Applies. RULING: - c. A will undoubtedly accept the penalty, since declining would result in a touchback. 34

35 Team A/K scores a touchdown and after the PAT, the score is A/K-35; B/R- 0. There is a few seconds left in the half, and K kicks a short pooch kick on the kick-off to avoid a big return. The kick hits K in the head in flight, at the R-45, and the BJ has a flag for Kick-Catching-Interference. The ball rolls down to the R-40 where K recovers and the clock expires. What options should Ref give the receiving team: A. None, tell him the half is over since K recover the kick (no need to screw up a potential mercy rule). B. R can take the ball at the R-45, with an untimed down. C. R can take the ball at the K-40, with an untimed down, or they can have K re-kick after a 15yd penalty. Applicable Principles Special Enforcement - KCI Accepted Penalties on a Down When Time Expires result in an untimed down (except for LOD fouls, fouls resulting in a safety, USC/DB fouls or COF on kickoff). RULING: - c. Give the options to Team R. If they decide to decline, half will be over. 35

36 The Rams fumble at their own 10 yard line with 3 seconds left in the half, and the Lions defense recovers. The Lions line up in scrimmage kick formation for a field goal attempt, with Center K20, Right Guard K95, Left Guard K56, Tackles K75 & K72, and Ends K82 & K88. Field goal is good, as the time expires: A. Score stands, half is over. B. Illegal formation, 5 yds from previous spot & untimed down. C. Illegal formation, 5 yds from previous spot, half is over. Applicable Principles Number Exception on 1/2/3 Down Only Applies to Snapper. Special Enforcement Foul Previous Spot Accepted Penalties on a Down When Time Expires result in an untimed down (except for LOD fouls, fouls resulting in a safety, USC/DB fouls or COF on kickoff). RULING: - b. Illegal Formation, 5 yd & Untimed Down. 36

37 With the clock running, and time running out in the half, QB A12 comes to the line of scrimmage and takes a direct snap and immediately attempts to spike the ball to the ground, but the ball hits the offensive guard in the leg before falling to the ground. Referee drops his flag for intentional grounding. What is the proper enforcement: A. No penalty, flag should be waived off, start clock on snap. B. Intentional GND, 5yds from spot of foul, LOD, start clock on snap. C. Intentional GND, 5yds from spot of foul, LOD, start clock on RFP. Applicable Principles Exception to Intentional Grounding Does Not Apply (hits the Guard s leg before the ground). A is conserving time illegally. RULING: - c. Intentional Grounding, LOD, start on RFP. 37

38 QB A12 comes to the line of scrimmage and takes a direct snap and drops back to pass. Defense has a big rush, and after some scrambling, QB A12 gets outside of the tackles and dumps the ball out of bounds into the stands, but beyond the LOS in order to avoid a big loss of yardage. Referree drops his flag for intentional grounding. What is the proper enforcement A. No penalty, QB met all requirements for legally avoiding the sack, waive off the flag. B. Intentional Grounding, 5 yd, LOD, start clock on snap. C. Intentional Grounding, 5 yd, LOD, start clock on RFP. Applicable Principles Tackle Box has no bearing in NFHS. No attempt to conserve time, no clock advantage. RULING: - b. Intentional GND, Start on Snap. 38

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