RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LEAN-BURN IC ENGINES

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LEAN-BURN IC ENGINES"

Transcription

1 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN LEAN-BURN IC ENGINES R.L. Evans Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of British Columbia Vancouver, B.C., CANADA

2 INTRODUCTION Problems with both SI and DI engines Engine combustion technology is converging Lean combustion increases engine efficiency Lean combustion reduces Nox emissions The Partially Stratified-Charge Engine

3 Engine Convergence Engine technologies may converge, particularly for vehicle applications Combustion configuration may vary, depending on operating conditions Stoichiometric homogeneous charge Lean-burn homogeneous charge Direct injection stratified charge Partially stratified charge HCCI (Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition)

4 Engine Characteristics Homogenous Charge Low Efficiency Low PM High Nox Medium loads Lean-Burn Higher efficiency Low PM Lower Nox Lower loads Direct Injection HCCI High efficiency High PM High Nox High loads High efficiency Low PM Low Nox Low loads

5 Load Engine Operation as a Function of Speed and Load Direct Injection Homogeneous Charge Lean- Burn & Partially Stratified-Charge HCCI Speed

6 THE PARTIALLY STRATIFIED- CHARGE ENGINE Spark-ignited combustion Main mixture is homogeneous & ultra-lean Enriched mixture near spark plug Engine control strategy is critical Natural Gas or gasoline fuel

7 How it works 1. Ultra-lean homogeneous charge of natural gas and air

8 How it works 1. Ultra-lean homogeneous charge of natural gas and air 2. Fuel is injected in the region of the sparkplug

9 How it works 1. Ultra-lean homogeneous charge of natural gas and air 2. Fuel is injected in the region of the sparkplug 3. Flame kernel forms, and propagates through lean airfuel charge

10 ADVANTAGES OF PARTIAL CHARGE STRATIFICATION Engine operates in fuel control mode, similar to a Diesel engine Limited use of throttling increases efficiency Only one fuel is required No requirement for on-board gas compression No need for expensive and complex fuel injection equipment

11 Partially Stratified-Charge Control Concept

12 Partially-Stratified Charge Spark Plug Lean homogeneous main charge of fuel and air Injection of fuel near ignition source Spark initiates stable flame in fuel-rich area Flame propagates rapidly through lean charge

13 SINGLE-CYLINDER EXPERIMENTS Ricardo Hydra single-cylinder engine Bowl-in-piston design Flat fire-deck cylinder head Compression ratio of 10.2:1 450 cc engine displacement Natural gas fuel

14 UBC Ricardo Hydra Test Engine Facility

15 BSFC vs. Air-fuel Ratio Injection Duration Optimisation (WOT, 2500 rpm, EOI at MBT-10) BSFC (g/kw-hr) Homogeneous-charge 25 deg. inj. duration 30 deg. inj. duration 35 deg. inj. duration Relative Air-Fuel Ratio

16 Total Hydrocarbons vs. Air-fuel Ratio (WOT, 2500 rpm, 35 deg. Injection pulse width) thc-wet (g/kw-hr) Homogeneous-charge EOI at MBT-5 EOI at MBT-10 EOI at MBT Relative Air-Fuel Ratio

17 CO vs. Air-fuel Ratio (WOT, 2500 rpm, 35 deg. Injection pulse width) CO-dry (g/kw-hr) Homogeneous-charge EOI at MBT-5 EOI at MBT-10 EOI at MBT Relative Air-Fuel Ratio

18 NO vs. Relative Air-fuel Ratio (WOT, 2500 rpm, 35 deg. Injection pulse width) NO-dry (g/kw-hr) Homogeneous-charge EOI at MBT-5 EOI at MBT-10 EOI at MBT Relative Air-Fuel Ratio

19 Mass-Burned Fraction Comparison (WOT, 2500 rpm) 100% Mass Fraction Burned (%) Homogeneous fuelling, RAFR = 1.65 (MBT Spark = -54) PSC fuelling, RAFR = 1.65 (MBT Spark = -50) 75% 50% 25% 0% Crank Angle Degrees

20 Bsfc & BMEP vs. Lambda (WOT, 2000 rpm) BMEP BSFC % extension of lean lim it w ith P S C Lam bda (m ass basis) 0

21 Bsfc vs. BMEP (WOT, 2000 rpm) % more load control through PSC leaning at W ide Open Throttle (W OT) W OT, Leaning, no PSC W O T, Leaning, w ith P S C BMEP (bar)

22 10 NOx vs. BMEP (2000 rpm, Injection at MBT -10) 9 8 PSC No PSC (May 21) BS NOx (g/kw-h) %, L %, L %, L1.49 Wide Open Throttle, Lambda BMEP (bar) Wide Open Throttle, Lambda 1.68

23 Combustion Stability (WOT, 2000 rpm) Engine Misfires No PSC - Lambda TDC With PSC - Lambda Crank angle of Pmax (deg)

24 COV of IMEP vs. Lambda Homogeneous PSC Lam bda (m ass basis)

25 CONCLUSIONS Partially stratified-charge approach extended the lean limit, and reduced Bsfc by up to 10% at a given airfuel ratio PSC approach reduced NOx emissions at part-load conditions Combustion stability is improved with PSC approach PSC may be one component of a multi-component operating strategy due to convergence

26 The End! Any Questions?

INTERNAL COMBUSTION RECIPROCATING PISTON ENGINES

INTERNAL COMBUSTION RECIPROCATING PISTON ENGINES INTERNAL COMBUSTION RECIPROCATING PISTON ENGINES TYPES OF RECIPROCATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES Depending on the ignition pattern: Otto cycle (spark-ignition - SI engines), Diesel cycle (auto-ignition

More information

Lean Burn Natural Gas Operation vs. Stoichiometric Operation with EGR and a Three Way Catalyst Einewall, Patrik; Tunestål, Per; Johansson, Bengt

Lean Burn Natural Gas Operation vs. Stoichiometric Operation with EGR and a Three Way Catalyst Einewall, Patrik; Tunestål, Per; Johansson, Bengt Lean Burn Natural Gas Operation vs. Stoichiometric Operation with EGR and a Three Way Catalyst Einewall, Patrik; Tunestål, Per; Johansson, Bengt Published in: SAE Special Publications Published: -1-1 Link

More information

Hydrogen Addition For Improved Lean Burn Capability of Slow and Fast Burning Natural Gas Combustion Chambers

Hydrogen Addition For Improved Lean Burn Capability of Slow and Fast Burning Natural Gas Combustion Chambers -- Hydrogen Addition For Improved Lean Burn Capability of Slow and Fast Burning Natural Gas Combustion Chambers Per Tunestål, Magnus Christensen, Patrik Einewall, Tobias Andersson, Bengt Johansson Lund

More information

Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas Engine under Different Operating Conditions

Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas Engine under Different Operating Conditions Environ. Eng. Res. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 95~101, 2009 Korean Society of Environmental Engineers Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas Engine under Different Operating Conditions Haeng

More information

Malmö Hydrogen and CNG/Hydrogen filling station and Hythane bus project

Malmö Hydrogen and CNG/Hydrogen filling station and Hythane bus project Malmö Hydrogen and CNG/Hydrogen filling station and Hythane bus project Bengt Ridell Carl Bro Energikonsult AB, Sweden, 2005-04-15 bengt.ridell@carlbro.se 1. Background The largest private utility company

More information

Pollution by 2-Stroke Engines

Pollution by 2-Stroke Engines Pollution by 2-Stroke Engines By Engr. Aminu Jalal National Automotive Council At The Nigerian Conference on Clean Air, Clean Fuels and Vehicles, Abuja, 2-3 May 2006 Introduction to the 2-Stroke Engine

More information

CFD Simulation of HSDI Engine Combustion Using VECTIS

CFD Simulation of HSDI Engine Combustion Using VECTIS CFD Simulation of HSDI Engine Combustion Using VECTIS G. Li, S.M. Sapsford Ricardo Consulting Engineer s Ltd., Shoreham-by-Sea, UK ABSTRACT As part of the VECTIS code validation programme, CFD simulations

More information

Chapters 7. Performance Comparison of CI and SI Engines. Performance Comparison of CI and SI Engines con t. SI vs CI Performance Comparison

Chapters 7. Performance Comparison of CI and SI Engines. Performance Comparison of CI and SI Engines con t. SI vs CI Performance Comparison Chapters 7 SI vs CI Performance Comparison Performance Comparison of CI and SI Engines The CI engine cycle can be carried out in either 2 or 4 strokes of the piston, with the 4-cycle CI engine being more

More information

Closed-Loop Control of Spark Advance and Air-Fuel Ratio in SI Engines Using Cylinder Pressure

Closed-Loop Control of Spark Advance and Air-Fuel Ratio in SI Engines Using Cylinder Pressure SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2000-01-0933 Closed-Loop Control of Spark Advance and Air-Fuel Ratio in SI Engines Using Cylinder Pressure Paljoo Yoon, Seungbum Park and Myoungho Sunwoo Hanyang Univ. Inyong

More information

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition the future of IC engines?

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition the future of IC engines? Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition the future of IC engines? Prof. Bengt Johansson Lund Institute of Technology at Lund University ABSTRACT The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine, HCCI,

More information

Engine Efficiency and Power Density: Distinguishing Limits from Limitations

Engine Efficiency and Power Density: Distinguishing Limits from Limitations Engine Efficiency and Power Density: Distinguishing Limits from Limitations Chris F. Edwards Advanced Energy Systems Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University Exergy to Engines

More information

VARIABLE COMPOSITION HYDROGEN/NATURAL GAS MIXTURES FOR INCREASED ENGINE EFFICIENCY AND DECREASED EMMISSIONS

VARIABLE COMPOSITION HYDROGEN/NATURAL GAS MIXTURES FOR INCREASED ENGINE EFFICIENCY AND DECREASED EMMISSIONS VARIABLE COMPOSITION HYDROGEN/NATURAL GAS MIXTURES FOR INCREASED ENGINE EFFICIENCY AND DECREASED EMMISSIONS R. SIERENS University of Gent Laboratory of Transporttechnology Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat B-9000

More information

Malmö Hydrogen and CNG/Hydrogen filling station and Hythane bus project

Malmö Hydrogen and CNG/Hydrogen filling station and Hythane bus project WHEC 16 / 13-16 June 2006 Lyon France 1(10) Malmö Hydrogen and CNG/Hydrogen filling station and Hythane bus project Bengt Ridell Carl Bro Energikonsult AB, Sweden, 2006-04-21 bengt.ridell@carlbro.se Abstract:

More information

Engine Heat Transfer. Engine Heat Transfer

Engine Heat Transfer. Engine Heat Transfer Engine Heat Transfer 1. Impact of heat transfer on engine operation 2. Heat transfer environment 3. Energy flow in an engine 4. Engine heat transfer Fundamentals Spark-ignition engine heat transfer Diesel

More information

INTERNAL COMBUSTION (IC) ENGINES

INTERNAL COMBUSTION (IC) ENGINES INTERNAL COMBUSTION (IC) ENGINES An IC engine is one in which the heat transfer to the working fluid occurs within the engine itself, usually by the combustion of fuel with the oxygen of air. In external

More information

Combustion characteristics of LNG

Combustion characteristics of LNG Combustion characteristics of LNG LNG Fuel Forum, Stockholm 21. September 2011 Øyvind Buhaug, Principal Engineer - Fuels and Engine Technology, Statoil Content LNG compositions in the global market LNG

More information

EXPERIMENT NO. 3. Aim: To study the construction and working of 4- stroke petrol / diesel engine.

EXPERIMENT NO. 3. Aim: To study the construction and working of 4- stroke petrol / diesel engine. EXPERIMENT NO. 3 Aim: To study the construction and working of 4- stroke petrol / diesel engine. Theory: A machine or device which derives heat from the combustion of fuel and converts part of this energy

More information

Internal Combustion Optical Sensor (ICOS)

Internal Combustion Optical Sensor (ICOS) Internal Combustion Optical Sensor (ICOS) Optical Engine Indication The ICOS System In-Cylinder Optical Indication 4air/fuel ratio 4exhaust gas concentration and EGR 4gas temperature 4analysis of highly

More information

CONVERGE Features, Capabilities and Applications

CONVERGE Features, Capabilities and Applications CONVERGE Features, Capabilities and Applications CONVERGE CONVERGE The industry leading CFD code for complex geometries with moving boundaries. Start using CONVERGE and never make a CFD mesh again. CONVERGE

More information

Fuel Requirements for HCCI Engine Operation. Tom Ryan Andrew Matheaus Southwest Research Institute

Fuel Requirements for HCCI Engine Operation. Tom Ryan Andrew Matheaus Southwest Research Institute Fuel Requirements for HCCI Engine Operation Tom Ryan Andrew Matheaus Southwest Research Institute 1 HCCI Fuel & Air Charge Undergoes Compression Spontaneous Reaction Throughout Cylinder Low Temperature

More information

WHY WOULD A NATURAL GAS ENGINE NEED A PARTICLE FILTER? Gordon McTaggart-Cowan 09-02-2016

WHY WOULD A NATURAL GAS ENGINE NEED A PARTICLE FILTER? Gordon McTaggart-Cowan 09-02-2016 WHY WOULD A NATURAL GAS ENGINE NEED A PARTICLE FILTER? Gordon McTaggart-Cowan 09-02-2016 Outline» NG vehicles context (3 min)» Why NG? (5 min)» NG engine technologies (7 min)» Particulate matter emissions

More information

COMBUSTION PROCESS IN CI ENGINES

COMBUSTION PROCESS IN CI ENGINES COMBUSTION PROCESS IN CI ENGINES In SI engine, uniform A: : F mixture is supplied, but in CI engine A: : F mixture is not homogeneous and fuel remains in liquid particles, therefore quantity of air supplied

More information

Light Duty Natural Gas Engine Characterization THESIS

Light Duty Natural Gas Engine Characterization THESIS Light Duty Natural Gas Engine Characterization THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David

More information

ECUs and Engine Calibration 201

ECUs and Engine Calibration 201 ECUs and Engine Calibration 201 Jeff Krummen Performance Electronics, Ltd. www.pe-ltd.com Page 1 Before we get started.. ECUs and Engine Calibration 201 The goal of this presentation is to explain the

More information

MIXED HYDROGEN/NATURAL GAS (HCNG) TECHNOLOGY- VISIT AT COLLIER TECHNOLOIES

MIXED HYDROGEN/NATURAL GAS (HCNG) TECHNOLOGY- VISIT AT COLLIER TECHNOLOIES ARIELI ASSOCIATES MANAGEMENT, ENGINEERING AND OPERATIONS CONSULTING Report No. 1108 MIXED HYDROGEN/NATURAL GAS (HCNG) TECHNOLOGY- VISIT AT COLLIER TECHNOLOIES -2-1. INTRODUCTION As a California transit

More information

Principles of Engine Operation

Principles of Engine Operation Internal Combustion Engines ME 422 Yeditepe Üniversitesi Principles of Engine Operation Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay Information Prof.Dr. Cem Soruşbay İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Makina Fakültesi Otomotiv Laboratuvarı

More information

Flow and Mixture Optimization for a Fuel Stratification Engine Using PIV and PLIF Techniques

Flow and Mixture Optimization for a Fuel Stratification Engine Using PIV and PLIF Techniques Home Search Collections Journals About Contact us My IOPscience Flow and Mixture Optimization for a Fuel Stratification Engine Using PIV and PLIF Techniques This content has been downloaded from IOPscience.

More information

STOICHIOMETRY OF COMBUSTION

STOICHIOMETRY OF COMBUSTION STOICHIOMETRY OF COMBUSTION FUNDAMENTALS: moles and kilomoles Atomic unit mass: 1/12 126 C ~ 1.66 10-27 kg Atoms and molecules mass is defined in atomic unit mass: which is defined in relation to the 1/12

More information

Combustion process in high-speed diesel engines

Combustion process in high-speed diesel engines Combustion process in high-speed diesel engines Conventional combustion characteristics New combustion concept characteristics Benefits and drawbacks Carlo Beatrice Istituto Motori CNR The Requirements

More information

The Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems in Stationary Natural Gas Engines. The Engine Manufacturers Association August 2004

The Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems in Stationary Natural Gas Engines. The Engine Manufacturers Association August 2004 www.enginemanufacturers.org Two North LaSalle Street Suite 2200 Chicago, Illinois 60602 Tel: 312/827-8700 Fax: 312/827-8737 The Use of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Systems in Stationary Natural Gas

More information

Engine Friction and Lubrication

Engine Friction and Lubrication Engine Friction and Lubrication Engine friction terminology Pumping loss Rubbing friction loss Engine Friction: terminology Pumping work: W p Work per cycle to move the working fluid through the engine

More information

Spark ignition natural gas engines A review

Spark ignition natural gas engines A review Energy Conversion and Management 48 (2007) 608 618 www.elsevier.com/locate/enconman Spark ignition natural gas engines A review Haeng Muk Cho a, Bang-Quan He b, * a Division of Mechanical Engineering and

More information

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH ADDITIONAL INJECTION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH ADDITIONAL INJECTION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL Journal of KONES Internal Combustion Engines 2002 No. 3 4 ISSN 1231 4005 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH ADDITIONAL INJECTION OF ETHYL ALCOHOL Andrzej Kowalewicz, Grzegorz Pawlak Technical

More information

Direct fuel injection

Direct fuel injection Types of Fuel Injection Schemes Direct (cylinder) injection Port injection Manifold riser injection GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection) Direct fuel injection inlet port and manifold riser injection These terms

More information

Internal Combustion Engines

Internal Combustion Engines Lecture-18 Prepared under QIP-CD Cell Project Internal Combustion Engines Ujjwal K Saha, Ph.D. Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati 1 Combustion in CI Engine Combustion

More information

Natural Gas and Transportation

Natural Gas and Transportation 1 M.J. Bradley & Associates Potential for NG as a Vehicle Fuel Natural Gas and Transportation Options for Effective Resource Management Dana Lowell Senior Consultant Roundtable on Low Sulfur and Alternative

More information

A'PEXi PowerFC (deleted 20 Apr 2008 at 01:52)

A'PEXi PowerFC (deleted 20 Apr 2008 at 01:52) Page 1 of 9 A'PEXi PowerFC (deleted 20 Apr 2008 at 01:52) From Deletionpedia This is a copy of the page A'PEXi PowerFC (other versions), which Wikipedia has deleted (about deletion). Deletionpedia archives

More information

STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN NATURAL GAS ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES

STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN NATURAL GAS ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES Proceedings of DEER 2003: Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Newport, Rhode Island, August 2003 STATE OF THE ART AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN NATURAL GAS ENGINE TECHNOLOGIES Mark Dunn, Cummins Westport Inc.

More information

Diesel injection, ignition, and fuel air mixing

Diesel injection, ignition, and fuel air mixing Diesel injection, ignition, and fuel air mixing 1. Fuel spray phenomena. Spontaneous ignition 3. Effects of fuel jet and charge motion on mixingcontrolled combustion 4. Fuel injection hardware 5. Challenges

More information

THE INFLUENCE OF VARIABLE VALVE ACTUATION ON THE PART LOAD FUEL ECONOMY OF A MODERN LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE

THE INFLUENCE OF VARIABLE VALVE ACTUATION ON THE PART LOAD FUEL ECONOMY OF A MODERN LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE --8 THE INFLUENCE OF VARIABLE VALVE ACTUATION ON THE PART LOAD FUEL ECONOMY OF A MODERN LIGHT-DUTY DIESEL ENGINE Copyright 998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. Tim Lancefield Mechadyne International

More information

Hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines

Hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines Hydrogen as a fuel for internal combustion engines Contents: Introduction External mixture formation for hydrogen operated engines Experimental engine for hydrogen in Stralsund Internal mixture formation

More information

Testing of various fuel and additive options in a compression-ignited heavy-duty alcohol engine

Testing of various fuel and additive options in a compression-ignited heavy-duty alcohol engine Testing of various fuel and additive options in a compression-ignited heavy-duty alcohol engine 2015 Polttomoottori- ja turboteknologian seminaari Espoo, 7.5.2015 Timo Murtonen, Nils-Olof Nylund, Mårten

More information

OUTCOME 2 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE. TUTORIAL No. 5 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

OUTCOME 2 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE. TUTORIAL No. 5 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS UNIT 61: ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS Unit code: D/601/1410 QCF level: 5 Credit value: 15 OUTCOME 2 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE TUTORIAL No. 5 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 2 Be able to evaluate

More information

04 2014 CIMAC Position Paper

04 2014 CIMAC Position Paper 04 2014 CIMAC Position Paper Methane and Formaldehyde Emissions of Gas Engines By CIMAC WG 17, Gas Engines This publication is for guidance and gives an overview regarding the methane and formaldehyde

More information

CAUTION: CAREFULLY READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE PROCEEDING. NOT LEGAL FOR SALE OR USE IN CALIFORNIA OR ON ANY POLLUTION CONTROLLED VEHICLES.

CAUTION: CAREFULLY READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE PROCEEDING. NOT LEGAL FOR SALE OR USE IN CALIFORNIA OR ON ANY POLLUTION CONTROLLED VEHICLES. Twin Tec Installation Instructions for Twin Cam Ignition CAUTION: CAREFULLY READ INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE PROCEEDING. T LEGAL FOR SALE OR USE IN CALIFORNIA OR ON ANY POLLUTION CONTROLLED VEHICLES. OVERVIEW

More information

EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION OF DIESEL ENGINE BY USING DIESEL RK

EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION AND COMBUSTION CHAMBER GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION OF DIESEL ENGINE BY USING DIESEL RK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET) International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6340 (Print) ISSN 0976 6359

More information

COMBUSTION. In order to operate a heat engine we need a hot source together with a cold sink

COMBUSTION. In order to operate a heat engine we need a hot source together with a cold sink COMBUSTION In order to operate a heat engine we need a hot source together with a cold sink Occasionally these occur together in nature eg:- geothermal sites or solar powered engines, but usually the heat

More information

ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS FROM GAS FIRED HOME HEATING APPLIANCES

ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS FROM GAS FIRED HOME HEATING APPLIANCES ATMOSPHERIC EMISSIONS FROM GAS FIRED HOME HEATING APPLIANCES Stefano Cernuschi, Stefano Consonni, Giovanni Lonati, Michele Giugliano, Senem Ozgen DIIAR Environmental Sect., Politecnico di Milano, P.za

More information

How to Calculate Compression Ratio in a Single Cylinder. Lesson 9

How to Calculate Compression Ratio in a Single Cylinder. Lesson 9 How to Calculate Compression Ratio in a Single Cylinder Lesson 9 Remember: Pretty Please My Dear Aunt Sally (From left to right; Parentheses; Power; Multiply; Divide; Add, Subtract) This lesson is set

More information

OPTIMIZATION OF SPARK TIMING AND AIR-FUEL RATIO OF AN SI ENGINE WITH VARIABLE VALVE TIMING USING GENETIC ALGORITHM AND STEEPEST DESCEND METHOD

OPTIMIZATION OF SPARK TIMING AND AIR-FUEL RATIO OF AN SI ENGINE WITH VARIABLE VALVE TIMING USING GENETIC ALGORITHM AND STEEPEST DESCEND METHOD U.P.B. Sci. Bull., Series D, Vol. 77, Iss. 1, 2015 ISSN 1454-2358 OPTIMIZATION OF SPARK TIMING AND AIR-FUEL RATIO OF AN SI ENGINE WITH VARIABLE VALVE TIMING USING GENETIC ALGORITHM AND STEEPEST DESCEND

More information

PERFORMANCE & EMISSION OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE TO MEET BS-IV NORMS

PERFORMANCE & EMISSION OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE TO MEET BS-IV NORMS PERFORMANCE & EMISSION OPTIMIZATION OF SINGLE CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE TO MEET BS-IV NORMS Mayur S. Sawade 1, Sandeep S. Kore 2 1 Student, Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad Academy of Engineering, Maharashtra,

More information

ADVANCED I.C ENGINES G.PRANESH 4/23/2013 B.E (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)

ADVANCED I.C ENGINES G.PRANESH 4/23/2013 B.E (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING) 2013 ADVANCED I.C ENGINES G.PRANESH B.E (MECHANICAL ENGINEERING) 4/23/2013 ME2041 ADVANCED I.C. ENGINES L T P C 3 0 0 3 OBJECTIVES: To update the knowledge in engine exhaust emission control and alternate

More information

Perfectly Adapted. ISL Euro 6 Gas Engine 250-320PS

Perfectly Adapted. ISL Euro 6 Gas Engine 250-320PS Perfectly Adapted ISL Euro 6 Gas Engine 250-320PS Cummins ISL-G The ISL G is the natural choice in alternative-fuel engine technology. With industry leading performance, it combines all the advantages

More information

TRITON V. Cylinder Pressure Monitoring CPM 500. Replaces mechanical indicators on diesel engines. Improves combustion

TRITON V. Cylinder Pressure Monitoring CPM 500. Replaces mechanical indicators on diesel engines. Improves combustion TRITON V Cylinder Pressure Monitoring CPM 500 Replaces mechanical indicators on diesel engines Improves combustion Reduces fuel consumption and emissions Optimises engine settings Engine & Turbine Management

More information

Review of the prospects for using hydrogen as a fuel source in internal combustion engines

Review of the prospects for using hydrogen as a fuel source in internal combustion engines Review of the prospects for using hydrogen as a fuel source in internal combustion engines H2FC Working Paper No. 2 April 2015 Samuel L. Weeks UCL Energy Institute, University College London Central House,

More information

Application of Synthetic Diesel Fuels

Application of Synthetic Diesel Fuels Application of Synthetic Diesel Fuels Future Fuels : Issues and Opportunties 11 th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Conference, Chicago, August 21-25, 25 Paul Schaberg, Sasol Technology Presentation Outline

More information

Effect of Fuel Types on Combustion Characteristics and Performance of a Four Stroke IC Engine

Effect of Fuel Types on Combustion Characteristics and Performance of a Four Stroke IC Engine Effect of Fuel Types on Combustion Characteristics and Performance of a Four Stroke IC Engine Mrs. Rana Ali, Dr. Audai Hussein Al-Abbas, Dr. Abdulla Dhayea Assi Al-Musaib Technical College, Foundation

More information

Effect of GTL Diesel Fuels on Emissions and Engine Performance

Effect of GTL Diesel Fuels on Emissions and Engine Performance Rudolf R. Maly Research and Technology, Stuttgart Effect of GTL Diesel Fuels on Emissions and Engine Performance 10th Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Conference August 29 - September 2, 2004 Coronado,

More information

Spark Ignited Natural Gas Engine Technology

Spark Ignited Natural Gas Engine Technology Spark Ignited Natural Gas Engine Technology Clean Fleets Technology Conference Sugar Land, TX, June 2014 Jorge Gonzalez Regional Manager Agenda Corporate Overview Natural Gas Technology Evolution Products

More information

CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES VARIOUS TYPES OF ENGINES

CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES VARIOUS TYPES OF ENGINES CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES VARIOUS TYPES OF ENGINES CLASSIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 1. Application 2. Basic Engine Design 3. Operating Cycle 4. Working Cycle 5. Valve/Port

More information

Comparative Assessment of Blended and Fumigated Ethanol in an Agriculture Diesel Engine

Comparative Assessment of Blended and Fumigated Ethanol in an Agriculture Diesel Engine Petrotech-21 31 October-3 November 21, New Delhi, India Paper ID : 2115 Comparative Assessment of Blended and Fumigated Ethanol in an Agriculture Diesel Engine Naveen Kumar* 1, Hari Singh Rathour 2 1 Professor,

More information

E - THEORY/OPERATION

E - THEORY/OPERATION E - THEORY/OPERATION 1995 Volvo 850 1995 ENGINE PERFORMANCE Volvo - Theory & Operation 850 INTRODUCTION This article covers basic description and operation of engine performance-related systems and components.

More information

Emissions and fuel consumption of natural gas powered city buses versus diesel buses in realcity

Emissions and fuel consumption of natural gas powered city buses versus diesel buses in realcity Emissions and fuel consumption of natural gas powered city buses versus diesel buses in realcity traffic L. Pelkmans, D. De Keukeleere & G. Lenaers Vito Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Belgium

More information

Marine Piston Damage By Tom Benton, Marine Surveyor

Marine Piston Damage By Tom Benton, Marine Surveyor Marine Piston Damage By Tom Benton, Marine Surveyor In the last several years I have noticed an increase in the number of outboard motors which have sustained piston damage, and several cases in V-8 inboard

More information

Technical Solutions for Emissions Reduction

Technical Solutions for Emissions Reduction Genera 2015 Technical Solutions for Emissions Reduction Juan Nogales GE Power & Water Madrid, February 24, 2015 2015 General Electric Company. All rights reserved. This material may not be copied or distributed

More information

The 2.0l FSI engine with 4-valve technology

The 2.0l FSI engine with 4-valve technology Service Training Self-study programme 322 The 2.0l FSI engine with 4-valve technology Design and function The 2.0l engine is based on the tried and tested 827/113 series. Thanks to FSI technology (Fuel

More information

Introductory Study of Variable Valve Actuation for Pneumatic Hybridization

Introductory Study of Variable Valve Actuation for Pneumatic Hybridization 2007-01-0288 Introductory Study of Variable Valve Actuation for Pneumatic Hybridization Copyright 2007 SAE International Sasa Trajkovic, Per Tunestål and Bengt Johansson Division of Combustion Engines,

More information

Overview. 1. Introduction 2. Simulation Background 3. Investigated Vehicles 4. Split of loss calculation in the NEDC 5. Conclusion.

Overview. 1. Introduction 2. Simulation Background 3. Investigated Vehicles 4. Split of loss calculation in the NEDC 5. Conclusion. NEDC Simulation with GT-Drive Dipl.-Ing. R. Kuberczyk Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Bargende 12 Geschwindigkeit [km/h] 1 8 6 2 2 6 8 1 12 Zeit [s] Slide 1 Overview 1. Introduction 2. Simulation Background 3. Investigated

More information

Analysis of knocking phenomena in a high performance engine

Analysis of knocking phenomena in a high performance engine Analysis of knocking phenomena in a high performance engine Federico Millo, Luciano Rolando 1 st GTI Italian User Conference March 18 th, 2013 Turin OUTLINE Introduction Experimental setup Results & discussion

More information

BHKW. Power. Power. Gas engines for CHP units and gensets. MAN Engines. A Division of MAN Truck & Bus

BHKW. Power. Power. Gas engines for CHP units and gensets. MAN Engines. A Division of MAN Truck & Bus Power BHKW Power Gas engines for CHP units and gensets MAN Engines A Division of MAN Truck & Bus Contents Gas engines for cogenerating power stations... 3 Application type and product range.... 3 Servicing

More information

PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOGAS PETROL DUAL FUEL IN SI ENGINE

PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOGAS PETROL DUAL FUEL IN SI ENGINE International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2016, pp. 45-54, Article ID: IJMET_07_02_006 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=7&itype=2

More information

Optimization of Operating Parameters for a 2-stroke DI Engine with KIVA 3V and a Genetic Algorithm Search Technique

Optimization of Operating Parameters for a 2-stroke DI Engine with KIVA 3V and a Genetic Algorithm Search Technique Optimization of Operating Parameters for a 2-stroke DI Engine with KIVA 3V and a Genetic Algorithm Search Technique Mark N. Subramaniam and Rolf D. Reitz Engine Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison

More information

ICEF2004-912 NUMERICAL-EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A PARTIALLY STRATIFIED CHARGE NATURAL GAS FUELLED ENGINE

ICEF2004-912 NUMERICAL-EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A PARTIALLY STRATIFIED CHARGE NATURAL GAS FUELLED ENGINE Proceedings of ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division: 2004 Fall Technical Conference Long Beach, CA, USA October 24-27-2004 ICEF2004-912 NUMERICAL-EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A PARTIALLY

More information

1. Introduction Older cars and motorcycles must be in a good state of repair and properly tuned to get best performance.

1. Introduction Older cars and motorcycles must be in a good state of repair and properly tuned to get best performance. Fuel News Tuning Vehicles to Run on PETROL 1. Introduction Older cars and motorcycles must be in a good state of repair and properly tuned to get best performance. The following sections outline reasons

More information

Engineering, Bharathiyar College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikal, Pondicherry 609 609, India

Engineering, Bharathiyar College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikal, Pondicherry 609 609, India 74 The Open Fuels & Energy Science Journal, 2008, 1, 74-78 Open Access Some Comparative Performance and Emission Studies on DI Diesel Engine Fumigated with Methanol and Methyl Ethyl Ketone Using Microprocessor

More information

With Twin Independent Cam Phasing THESIS. By Jason Meyer * * * * * The Ohio State University 2007

With Twin Independent Cam Phasing THESIS. By Jason Meyer * * * * * The Ohio State University 2007 Engine Modeling of an Internal Combustion Engine With Twin Independent Cam Phasing THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation with Distinction at The Ohio State University

More information

AIR POWERED ENGINE INTRODUCTION. Pramod Kumar.J Mechanical Engineer, Bangalore, INDIAs

AIR POWERED ENGINE INTRODUCTION. Pramod Kumar.J Mechanical Engineer, Bangalore, INDIAs International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2016, pp. 66 72, Article ID: IJMET_07_02_010 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=7&itype=2

More information

Performance Test Engine Testing and Instrumentation 1

Performance Test Engine Testing and Instrumentation 1 Performance Test MAXIMUM POWER PERFORMANCE TEST Always complete a rough hand drafted graph of the results Is the fuel delivery a straight line? Do the SFC and Torque mirror each other Build up your own

More information

Fault codes DM1. Industrial engines DC09, DC13, DC16. Marine engines DI09, DI13, DI16 INSTALLATION MANUAL. 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 1

Fault codes DM1. Industrial engines DC09, DC13, DC16. Marine engines DI09, DI13, DI16 INSTALLATION MANUAL. 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 1 Fault codes DM1 Industrial engines DC09, DC13, DC16 Marine engines DI09, DI13, DI16 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 1 DM1...3 Abbreviations...3 Fault type identifier...3...4 03:10 Issue 5.0 en-gb 2 DM1 DM1 Fault

More information

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING EXPERIMENTATION AND LABORATORY II EXPERIMENT 490.07 ENGINE PERFORMANCE TEST

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING EXPERIMENTATION AND LABORATORY II EXPERIMENT 490.07 ENGINE PERFORMANCE TEST MECHANICAL ENGINEERING EXPERIMENTATION AND LABORATORY II EXPERIMENT 490.07 ENGINE PERFORMANCE TEST 1. Objectives To determine the variation of the brake torque, brake mean effective pressure, brake power,

More information

AN IMPROVED METHOD OF INVESTIGATION OF COMBUSTION PARAMETERS IN A NATURAL GAS FUELLED SI ENGINE WITH EGR AND H 2 AS ADDITIVES WEI-CHIN CHANG

AN IMPROVED METHOD OF INVESTIGATION OF COMBUSTION PARAMETERS IN A NATURAL GAS FUELLED SI ENGINE WITH EGR AND H 2 AS ADDITIVES WEI-CHIN CHANG AN IMPROVED METHOD OF INVESTIGATION OF COMBUSTION PARAMETERS IN A NATURAL GAS FUELLED SI ENGINE WITH EGR AND H 2 AS ADDITIVES by WEI-CHIN CHANG A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the

More information

CATALYTIC CONVERTER TESTS

CATALYTIC CONVERTER TESTS CATALYTIC CONVERTER TESTS 1. CRANKING TEST There is typically little (390 to 400 PPM at sea level) CO 2 present in the atmosphere. CO 2 is a product of combustion. Therefore any carbon dioxide emissions

More information

The Effect of Higher Compression Ratio in Two-Stroke Engines

The Effect of Higher Compression Ratio in Two-Stroke Engines The Effect of Higher Compression Ratio in TwoStroke Engines Yuh Motoyama and Tohru Gotoh Yamaha Motor Co, Ltd. The effect of higher compression ratio on fuel consumption and power output was investigated

More information

How To Write A Lean Burn

How To Write A Lean Burn Application of Hydrogen Assisted Lean Operation to Natural Gas-Fueled Reciprocating Engines (HALO) Final Scientific/Technical Report Reporting Period Start Date: October 10, 2004 Reporting Period End Date:

More information

Prediction and Interpretation of Combustion Processes in Natural Gas Engines A comparative Overview of Simulation Methods for Practical Applications

Prediction and Interpretation of Combustion Processes in Natural Gas Engines A comparative Overview of Simulation Methods for Practical Applications Prediction and Interpretation of Combustion Processes in Natural Gas Engines A comparative Overview of Simulation Methods for Practical Applications Christian Lämmle 1),2), Konstantinos Boulouchos 1),

More information

DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI CYLINDER CRD-I ENGINE TO MEET EURO VI EMISSION NORMS

DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI CYLINDER CRD-I ENGINE TO MEET EURO VI EMISSION NORMS International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 7, Issue 1, Jan-Feb 2016, pp. 26-36, Article ID: IJMET_07_01_004 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?jtype=ijmet&vtype=7&itype=1

More information

Daimler s Super Truck Program; 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency

Daimler s Super Truck Program; 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency Daimler s Super Truck Program; 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency 2012 Directions in Engine-Efficiency and Emissions Research (DEER) Conference Marc Allain, David Atherton, Igor Gruden, Sandeep Singh, Kevin

More information

MEASUREMENT OF IN-CYLINDER MIXTURE FORMATION BY OPTICAL INDICATION

MEASUREMENT OF IN-CYLINDER MIXTURE FORMATION BY OPTICAL INDICATION www.mtzonline.com WORLDWIDE 6 June 213 Volume 74 Offprint from MTZ 6.213 Springer Vieweg Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH MEASUREMENT OF IN-CYLINDER MIXTURE FORMATION BY OPTICAL INDICATION DEVELOPMENT

More information

CATALYTIC CONVERTER THEORY, OPERATION AND TESTING

CATALYTIC CONVERTER THEORY, OPERATION AND TESTING CATALYTIC CONVERTER THEORY, OPERATION AND TESTING 2 The gasoline used in the modern automobile is a complex blend of both straight and branched chain hydrocarbons. In simpler terms it is a mixture of different

More information

System Diagnosis. Proper vehicle diagnosis requires a plan before you start

System Diagnosis. Proper vehicle diagnosis requires a plan before you start System Diagnosis Proper vehicle diagnosis requires a plan before you start Following a set procedure to base your troubleshooting on will help you find the root cause of a problem and prevent unnecessary

More information

C H A P T E R 7 THE WANKEL ROTARY ENGINE. 7.1 A Different Approach to the Spark-Ignition Engine

C H A P T E R 7 THE WANKEL ROTARY ENGINE. 7.1 A Different Approach to the Spark-Ignition Engine 261 C H A P T E R 7 THE WANKEL ROTARY ENGINE 7.1 A Different Approach to the Spark-Ignition Engine The reciprocating internal combustion engine has served mankind for over a century, and will continue

More information

Research Report. Impact of Vehicle Weight Reduction on Fuel Economy for Various Vehicle Architectures

Research Report. Impact of Vehicle Weight Reduction on Fuel Economy for Various Vehicle Architectures Impact of Vehicle Weight Reduction on Fuel Economy for Various Vehicle Architectures Research Report Conducted by Ricardo Inc. for The Aluminum Association 2008-04 Impact of Vehicle Weight Reduction on

More information

EPA s Air Quality Regulations for Stationary Engines

EPA s Air Quality Regulations for Stationary Engines EPA s Air Quality Regulations for Stationary Engines Melanie King U.S. Environmental Protection Agency June 18, 2014 EPA s Stationary Engine Regulations National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

More information

Zero Emission Engine. An Economic and Environmental Benefit

Zero Emission Engine. An Economic and Environmental Benefit Zero Emission Engine An Economic and Environmental Benefit Saskia Scherfling Registration number: 731805 Department: VIII Course of studies: Process and Environmental Engineering September 2007 Table of

More information

well as pulses from a magnetic driveshaft sensor or a magnetic speedometer cable sensor.

well as pulses from a magnetic driveshaft sensor or a magnetic speedometer cable sensor. 1. Overview The Maximizer 4 progressive nitrous controller operates one or two separate stages of nitrous based on either time, RPM, MPH, throttle percentage or boost pressure. Whether your engine is naturally

More information

Exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel. engine with addition of ethanol

Exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel. engine with addition of ethanol www.ijaser.com 2014 by the authors Licensee IJASER- Under Creative Commons License 3.0 editorial@ijaser.com Research article ISSN 2277 9442 Exhaust emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine with addition

More information

Emissions pollutant from diesel, biodiesel and natural gas refuse collection vehicles in urban areas

Emissions pollutant from diesel, biodiesel and natural gas refuse collection vehicles in urban areas Emissions pollutant from diesel, biodiesel and natural gas refuse collection vehicles in urban areas José Mª López, Nuria Flores, Felipe Jiménez, Francisco Aparicio Polytechnic University of Madrid (UPM),

More information

DTC P0351 Ignition Coil "A" Primary / Secondary Circuit. DTC P0352 Ignition Coil "B" Primary / Secondary Circuit

DTC P0351 Ignition Coil A Primary / Secondary Circuit. DTC P0352 Ignition Coil B Primary / Secondary Circuit 208 2UZ-FE EINE CONTROL SYSTEM SFI SYSTEM DTC P05 Ignition Coil "A" Primary / Secondary Circuit DTC P052 Ignition Coil "B" Primary / Secondary Circuit DTC P05 Ignition Coil "C" Primary / Secondary Circuit

More information

Natural Gas, an Alternative

Natural Gas, an Alternative Natural Gas, an Alternative Potential to reduce Green House Gases The Natural Gas Alternative: Development Requirements for future Light-Duty Applications Special Edition Summary The Natural Gas Alternative:

More information