ANAEROBIC DIGESTION. Mass balance. Sergi Astals & Joan Mata B A. EPROBIO - Foggia - June 2011 XARXA DE CENTRES DE SUPORT A LA INNOVACIÓ TECNOLÒGICA
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1 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION Mss lce Sergi Astls & Jo Mt EPROBIO - Foggi - Jue 011 DEPARTAMENT D ENGINYERIA QUÍMICA B A GRUP DE RECERCA EN BIOTECNOLOGIA AMBIENTAL IT XARXA DE CENTRES DE SUPORT A LA INNOVACIÓ TECNOLÒGICA 1
2 INDEX OF CONTENTS Oxidtio stte of cro Chemicl oxyge demd COD lce Specific iologicl methe potetil
3 Oxidtio stte A mesure of the degree of oxidtio of tom i sustce: The oxidtio stte is the differece etwee the umer of electros ssocited with tom i compoud s compred with the umer of electros i tom of the elemet. N 3 e - N 3- Reductio ( gi of electros) H H 1 e - Oxidtio ( loss of electros) 3
4 Oxidtio stte (OS c ) of cro Hydroge 1 Oxyge - Nitroge -3 Phosphor 5 Sulphur 6 Cro vrile!!! d lce the moleculr chrge Propiote C 3 H 6 O OS c = [-(6 1) ( -)]/3 = -/3 AA (sprgie) C H N O 3 OS c = [-( 1) ( -3) ( -)]/ = 1/ Plmitic cid C 16 H 3 O OS c = [-(3 1) ( -)]/16 = -7/
5 Biomss yield (Y) Aeroic coditios 0 C 3 H 7 O N* CO 0 - O CO Aoxic coditios 0 C 3 H 7 O N CO 5 0 NO - 3 N Aeroic coditios 0 C 3 H 7 O N CO 0 - C 3 H 7 O N CH C H O N c H 0 CH CO NH 3 I AD oly cro chge its oxidtio stte * Alie is mio cid 5
6 Chemicl Oxyge Demd (COD) COD is idirect mesure of the orgic mtter. It is defied s the mout of oxyge required to oxidize the mtter preset i the smple, usig strog oxidizig get uder cid coditios. COD is expressed i terms of mg O L -1. AD mss lces must e doe o COD-sis Becuse i AD system COD is ot destroyed oly re-distriuted 6
7 COD clssicl clcultio without itroge C HO O CO HO COD (g O/mol) = 3 COD (g O / g compoud ) = Compoud Acetic cid (C H O ) Methe (CH ) Luric cid (C 1 H O ) COD (g O / g compoud ) * Moleculr formul of cetic cid is C H O while its clssicl represettio is CH 3 COOH 7
8 COD clssicl clcultio with itroge 3 d NH d O H CO O d 3 N O H C 3 3 /mol) (g O COD = 1d ) / g (g O COD compoud = * Moleculr formul of cetic cid is C H O while its clssicl represettio is CH 3 COOH
9 Aother wy to clculte COD Elemet Referece compoud Equivlet COD C Cro H Hydroge O Oxyge N Nitroge P Phosphorous S Sulphur Chrge ( / -) CO H O H O NH PO - 3 SO - Zero chrge 3g COD / mol C g COD / mol H - 16g COD / mol O - g COD / mol N 0g COD / mol P g COD / mol S g COD / mol chrge 9
10 Aother wy to clculte COD COD / mole compoud = Σ (M i COD i ) M i : mole of elemet i i the compoud COD i : theorecil COD of elemet i COD / g compoud = COD compoud / MW i MW i : moleculr weight 10
11 COD lce The methe productio is relted with the mout of sustrte stilized. Ifluet COD c e divided i: - Prticulte > COD p Both frctio hve iodegrdle d o-iodegrdle compouds. - Solule > COD s Effluet COD c e divided i: - Methe COD m Microorg. re icluded i the prticulte frctio. - Prticulte > COD p - Solule > COD s COD of CO is 0 11
12 COD lce COD gs COD ifluet Aeroic Digester COD effluet COD sludge COD CH 6 gcod / mol CH 1 mol gs. L STP Biomss C 5 H 7 O N 0.35 L CH / g COD elimited 1. g COD / g ew iomss 1
13 COD lce Degrded COD eds up i: COD gs - Methe - New iomss or sludge COD ifluet Aeroic Digester COD effluet COD sludge Sice i AD system COD is ot destroyed oly re-distriuted COD i = COD out COD ifluet = COD gs COD effluet COD sludge 13
14 COD lce COD m Microorg. COD i Aeroic Digester COD e No-iodegrdle OM Biodegrdle OM COD removl = COD i -COD e Methistio = COD m / COD i * 100 1
15 COD lce for esy iodegrdle wste COD m = 90 COD i = 100 Aeroic Digester COD e = 5 COD iom = 5 COD removl = 100 5* Methistio = 90% * 5 COD hve ee degrded d coverted to ew iomss. However, it is tke ito ccout whe you mesure the effluet COD. Methe represet etwee 5 d 95% of the degrded COD. 15
16 COD lce for low iodegrdle wste COD m = 50 COD i = 100 Aeroic Digester COD e = 5 COD iom = 5 COD removl = 100 5* Methistio = 50% * 5 COD hve ee degrded d coverted to ew iomss. However, it is tke ito ccout whe you mesure the effluet COD. Methe represet etwee 5 d 95% of the degrded COD. 16
17 17 Specific iologicl methe potetil (B 0 ) without itroge CO CH O H - O H C = g compoud L CH STP B 0 = COD g L CH STP 3. B %CH = Biogs compositio 100 %CO = * STP re stdrd temperture d pressure coditios 1 tm d 0 ºC
18 1 Specific iologicl methe potetil (B 0 ) with itroge 3 d dnh CO 3d CH 3d O H 3d - N O H C = compoud 0 g L CH STP 1d d B = COD g L CH STP 3 3d. 3d B d %CH = Biogs compositio 100 3d %CO =
19 19 Specific iologicl methe potetil (B 0 ) with itroge d sulphur H S f d NH CO f 3d CH f 3d O H f 3d - S N O H C s 3 f d
20 Totl orgic cro (TOC) C H O N d TOC = d g C g compoud COD / TOC rtio COD / TOC = 1 3d 3 g g C COD 0
21 Summry: Exercise : Clculte the: (1) OSc; () g COD / g compoud ; (3) g C / g compoud ; () g COD/ g C; (5) B 0 (ml CH / g compoud & ml CH / g COD); (6) %CH of ech compoud Compud Moleculr formul C H O N Methe CH Amio cid (Leucie) C3H13ON Ethol CH Plmitic cid C16H3O Oleic cid C1H3O Lipid C57H Vleric cid C5H10O Butyric cid CHO 0 Glycerol C3HO Amio cid (Lysie) C6H1ON 6 1 Propioic cid C3H6O Protei (Collge) C5H377O75N Crohydrte (Lctose) C1HO Glucose C6H1O Acetic cid CHO 0 Lctic cid C3H6O Biomss C5H7ON Pyruvic cid C3HO Cro dioxide CO
22 Summry: Exercise : Compud Moleculr formul OSc g COD / g compoud g C / g compoud g COD / g C B 0 (LCH/ g compoud ) B 0 (LCH/ g COD) % CH Methe CH -,00,00 0,750 5,333 1,00 0, ,0 Amio cid (Leucie) C3H13ON -,00 1,5 0,379,000 0,531 0,350 75,0 Ethol CH60 -,00,09 0,5,000 0,730 0,350 75,0 Plmitic cid C16H3O -1,75, 0,750 3,33 1,006 0,350 71,9 Oleic cid C1H3O -1,67,9 0,766 3,77 1,013 0,350 70, Lipid C57H1006-1,61,90 0,77 3,73 1,01 0,350 70, Vleric cid C5H10O -1,0,0 0,5 3,67 0,71 0,350 65,0 Butyric cid CHO -1,00 1, 0,55 3,333 0,636 0,350 6,5 Glycerol C3HO3-0,67 1, 0,391 3,111 0,6 0,350 5,3 Amio cid (Lysie) C6H1ON -0,67 1,53 0,93 3,111 0,537 0,350 5,3 Propioic cid C3H6O -0,67 1,51 0,6 3,111 0,530 0,350 5,3 Protei (Collge) C5H377O75N65-0,13 1,51 0,551,751 0,530 0,350 51,6 Crohydrte (Lctose) C1HO11 0,00 1,1 0,1,667 0,393 0,350 50,0 Glucose C6H1O6 0,00 1,07 0,00,667 0,373 0,350 50,0 Acetic cid CHO 0,00 1,07 0,00,667 0,373 0,350 50,0 Lctic cid C3H6O3 0,00 1,07 0,00,667 0,373 0,350 50,0 Biomss C5H7ON 0,00 1, 0,531,667 0,96 0,350 50,0 Pyruvic cid C3HO3 0,67 0,91 0,09, 0,31 0,350 1,7 Cro dioxide CO,00 0,00 0,73 0,000 0,
23 Summry: Exercise : 1,600 Methe 1,00 Compouds with low OSc, more reduced, c oud more oxyge so the higher is the COD. L CH / gcompoud 1,00 1,000 0,00 0,600 0,00 0,00 Oleic cid Plmitic cid Lipid Ethol AA Leucie Vleric cid Butyric cid AA Lycie Propioic Glycerol Acetic cid Lctic cid Glucose Protei Biomss CH Lctose Pyruvic cid 0,000 -,00-3,00 -,00-1,00 0,00 1,00,00 3,00,00 OSc 3
24 Summry: Exercise : 100,0 Methe 90,0 % CH 0,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 0,0 AA Leucie; Ethol Plmitic cid Oleic cid Lipid Vleric cid Butyric cid Glycerol; AA Lycie; Propioic cid Protei CH Lctose; Glucose; Lctic & Acetic cid; Biomss Pyruvic cid 30,0 0,0 10,0 0,0 -,00-3,00 -,00-1,00 0,00 1,00,00 3,00,00 OSc
25 Summry: Exercise : 1,600 1,00 Methe 1,00 L CH / gcompoud 1,000 0,00 0,600 0,00 0,00 Lipid Oleic cid Plmitic cid Ethol Vleric cid Protei Butyric cid AA Lycie Biomss AA Leucie Propioic CH Lctose Glycerol Pyruvic cid Acetic cid Lctic cid Glucose 0,000 0,000 1,000,000 3,000,000 5,000 6,000 g COD / g C 5
26 Summry: Exercise : 100,0 Methe 90,0 % CH 0,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 0,0 AA Leucie; Ethol Oleic cid Plmitic cid Vleric cid Lipid Butyric cid Glycerol; AA Lycie; Propioic cid Pyruvic cid Protei CH Lctose; Glucose; Lctic & Acetic cid; Biomss 30,0 0,0 10,0 0,0 0,000 1,000,000 3,000,000 5,000 6,000 g COD / g C 6
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