Heavy Ion results from ATLAS and CMS
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1 Heavy Ion results from ATLAS and CMS Gábor Veres (CERN) for the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations Hadron Structure 13 Conference Tatranske Matliare, Slovakia 30 th June,
2 Outline The ATLAS and CMS experiments and heavy ions Global picture of heavy ion collisions Hard probes jets quarkonia electroweak gauge bosons p+pb collisions: new surprises; correlations Summary 2
3 The ATLAS Experiment 3
4 The CMS Experiment CASTOR 2010: Pb+Pb 8.3 µb : Pb+Pb 150 µb : p+pb 31 nb -1 5 pb -1 4
5 Centrality in Pb+Pb collisions Pb+Pb collision centrality characterized by ΣE T in forward calorimeters (ATLAS: 3.2 < η < 4.9, CMS: 3 < η < 5). Also quantified using number of participants (N part ) Pb+Pb partonic luminosity expressed in terms of number of nucleonnucleon collisions (N coll ) or T AA Calculated using standard Glauber Monte Carlo. 5
6 Global picture of heavy ion collisions 6
7 Charged particle multiplicity PLB 710 (2012) 363 JHEP 08 (2011) 141 Centrality dependence: - Quite similar to RHIC results - Good agreement between experiments s dependence: - p+p, Pb+Pb follow power law 7
8 Energy released measured up to high η First result using the CMS CASTOR calorimeter CMS PAS HIN At high η, the ratio between the energy production in central and peripheral events is closer to 1 than at midrapidity 8
9 Azimuthal asymmetry: methods 9
10 Azimuthal asymmetry: ATLAS Evolution from low p T (collective motion) to high p T (quenching effects) Qualitative features are similar to RHIC results Many extensions available: fluctuations, other methods, etc. PLB 707(2012)
11 Azimuthal asymmetry: CMS PRC 87(2013)
12 Neutral pions: elliptic flow Detected through γγ coincidences Correlated with HF event plane With x14 increase in energy, no significant change from RHIC (for pions) PRL 110 (2013)
13 Ultra-central collisions Calculation by Heinz et al. CMS-PAS HIN Calculation by Luzum et al. CMS-PAS HIN v 2 v 3 v 4 v 5 v 6 v7 Unique perspective on hydrodynamic flow Hierarchy of coefficients reproduced by hydro Some tension between v 2 and v 3..7 Note, AMPT 0-0.2%: <b> = 1.6fm, RMS(b) = 0.6fm 13
14 Hard probes 14
15 Hard probes of heavy ion physics Goal: Understand the properties of QGP Problem: the lifetime of QGP is so short (O(fm/c)) such that it is not feasible to probe it with an external source. Solution: take advantage of the large cross-sections of high p T jets, γ/w/z, quarkonia Material at the LHC energy, use these hard probes produced in the collision itself. External source 15
16 Jet energy imbalance Parton energy loss is observed as a pronounced dijet energy imbalance in central PbPb collisions PRL 105 (2010) pp p p Pb Pb PbPb PRC 84 (2011)
17 Charged hadron R AA : ratio (PbPb/pp)/N coll PbPb PbPb EPJC 72 (2012) 1945 R AA : ratio (PbPb/pp)/N coll Reflects parton energy loss at high p T R CP : ratio (central/periph), normalized by N coll 17
18 γ+jet pairs: u, d quark energy loss Photon (191GeV) Jet (98 GeV) Photon tag: Identifies jet as u, d quark jet Provides initial quark direction Provides initial quark p T 18
19 γ-jet correlations PbPb PbPb Substantial change in γ-jet balance from peripheral to central collisions 19
20 γ-jet correlations x Jγ =p T jet /p T γ R Jγ = fraction of photons with jet partner >30 GeV/c PbPb Increasing p T -imbalance Jets lose ~14% of their initial energy PbPb No ϕ-decorrelation Less jet partners above threshold ~20% of photons lose their jet partner PLB 718 (2013)
21 Jet suppression angle dependence Submitted to PRL arxiv: Non-zero jet v 2 is observed for (R = 0.2) p T > 100 GeV jet quenching clearly sensitive to initial geometry out to very high p T 21
22 Fraction of b-jets among all jets b-jet fraction: similar in pp and PbPb b-jet quenching is comparable to light-jet quenching (R AA 0.5), within present systematics p+p Pb+Pb CMS PAS HIN
23 Jet fragmentation functions PbPb PbPb Measured down to low track p T (starting from 1 GeV/c). Reveals an excess at high ξ (low p T ) compared to pp CMS PAS HIN
24 Jet fragmentation functions Modified parton showers in inclusive jets by ATLAS 24
25 Dimuons: how hot is the medium? 25
26 Dimuon spectrum huge mass range 26
27 arxiv: Hidden heavy flavor thermometer 1 Onia state in a deconfined, colour charged medium: Debye screening T if λ D (T) < r 0 screening melting of the bound state yields suppressed Screening at different T for different states sequential melting Onia: thermometer for the QGP A. Mocsy Eur.Phys.J.C61,
28 Sequential Upsilon suppression 2011 data Observation of sequential suppression of Y family PRL 109 (2012) Observation of sequential suppression of quarkonium states (ordered by binding energy) 28
29 Electroweak bosons: the control experiment 29
30 Centrality independence: Z boson CMS-PAS-HIN Compare to POWHEG (NLO generator) or PYTHIA scaled to NNLO Scaling holds up within 10-20%, limit to npdf effects Precision can be improved by using the new pp data at 2.76 TeV (2013) PRL 110, (2013) 30
31 ppb collisions: 2012/13 the reference measurement (?) 31
32 Defining two-particle correlation Signal pair distribution: Background pair distribution: Event 1 same event pairs Event 2 mixed event pairs Associated hadron yield per trigger: η = η 1 -η 2 φ = φ 1 -φ 2 JHEP 09 (2010)
33 ppb: the ridge is observed again! p Pb Physical origin still unclear p+p 7 TeV PLB 718 (2013) 795 N number of offline tracks with p T >0.4 GeV/c Much bigger than in pp! JHEP 09 (2010)
34 Double ridge structure (ALICE) No ridge seen in % ppband similar to pp what remains if we subtract peripheral from central? 0-20% % - = Mostly cos(2 φ), but cos(3 φ) is also there 34
35 p Pb p+pb: more surprises arxiv: v 3 in p+pb and Pb+Pb reach similar magnitude (at the same multiplicity) dijet η distribution changes with centrality PAS CMS-HIN Average p T in p+p and p+pb quite similar (at the same multiplicity) PAS CMS-HIN
36 Conclusions The ATLAS and CMS experiments have completed 2.5 years of successful Heavy Ion program with 8 and 19 published papers Extensive measurements of hard probes (jets, EWK bosons, quarkonia) as well as global properties (multiplicities, elliptic flow, energy flow) Various properties of the created medium are studied at a quantitative level, with new tools at the LHC energies Energy loss via single jets, dijets, γ-jet pairs Jet fragmentation measurements Effects of initial geometry Heavy quark energy loss, b-jets, Quarkonium suppression, EWK bosons All challenges in data taking, triggering, reconstruction were met so far p+pb data presents new insights, surprises and challenges We are looking forward to the high luminosity runs starting in 2015 Many more results to come; we are still at the beginning!
37 Thank you! My trip to the Conference was supported by: CERN, Geneva Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) Grant NK Grant K
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