The Water Cycle. By: Jason Joo, Priyanka Solanky, and Mason Hohil

Transcription

1 The Water Cycle By: Jason Joo, Priyanka Solanky, and Mason Hohil

2 Solar Energy Condensation Precipitation Evaporation Transpiration Evaporation Runoff Run -off Collection Water Eutrophication Land

3 The Global Water Cycle Solar energy drives the water cycle It evaporates water, then later the water falls back to the ground due to gravity Precipitation, evaporation, as well as transpiration from plants, continuously move water between the land, oceans, and the atmosphere

4 Evaporation Evaporation is the process through which water transforms into gas/water vapor and goes up into the atmosphere. Evaporation requires some sort of energy to occur, such as heat. The heat breaks the hydrogen bonds that hold individual water molecules together. Nearly 90% of the atmosphere s moisture comes from the evaporation of oceans, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water.

5 Transpiration Transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. Transpiration is basically evaporation of water from plants. 10 percent of Earth s atmosphere's moisture is transpired by plants.

6 Condensation The process in which water vapor in the atmosphere turns into liquid water Forms clouds and is the opposite of evaporation All air has some water in it, and clouds form when air rises and condenses

7 Rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground Excess precipitation forms systems of surface water and groundwater, all of which flow back to the sea, completing the water cycle Precipitation Transports water from the atmosphere to the surface of the earth

8 Acid Precipitation Acid precipitation occurs when water contains a dangerous amount of nitric or sulfuric acids. Can occur because of air pollutants It evaporates, goes into the atmosphere, reacts with water and oxygen there, and falls as rain, snow, sleet, etc. This acid rain is detrimental to animals and other living organisms in ecosystems.

9 Run-off Excess precipitation that was not absorbed into the soil Goes from ground surface to a place where water collects

10 Eutrophication A body of water gets filled with a high amount of nutrients like phosphates and nitrates. These nutrients promote an excessive growth of algae When the algae dies and decomposes, the water is depleted of its available oxygen due to excessive decomposing organisms and organic matter The lack of oxygen kills other organisms, like fish Eutrophication is a natural slow-aging process for a body of water, but human interaction can dramatically speed it up

11 Collection When water falls as precipitation, it either collects in bodies of water or will soak into the ground and collect as underground water. When the precipitation falls into bodies of water, the water will join the lakes, rivers, oceans, etc.

12 Human Effects One of the main sources of water vapor is transpiration from the dense vegetation in tropical rain forests. The destruction of these forests changes the amount of water vapor in the air May alter local and global weather patterns Pumping large amounts of groundwater to the surface for irrigation affects the water cycle Can increase the rate of evaporation over land and may deplete groundwater supplies

13 Human Effects (cont.) As the human population grows and the natural landscape is replaced by man-made surfaces (ex. roads, houses, parking lots, and buildings) Reduces amount of water soaking into the ground Accelerates runoff to ditches and streams. Humans also pollute bodies of water Polluted water goes up in the air and eventually causes acid rain, which is detrimental to the environment.

14 Source of Farming Problem Ammonium Nitrate is one of the most important ingredients in fertilizer. Because Mrs. Hinz and Ms. Schuckers used fertilizer for their plants, it most likely got into the water supply. When this nitrate-rich water evaporates, it goes into the atmosphere and falls into and may collect in the nearby lake as acid rain. The source of the farming problem is Eutrophication. The lake gets filled with a high amount of nitrates and an excessive amount of algae grows inside the lake (hence the deep green water). The water gets filled with more decomposers to try and balance out the algae to water ratio and break down the organic matter.

15 Source of the Farming Problem (Cont.) Because of the massive amount of decomposers and microorganisms, the oxygen is depleted in the water, as the decomposers use all of it to decompose the algae. The oxygen levels in the water are extremely low, and the fish and other organisms cannot breathe (hence the dead fish floating).

16 Solution for the Farming Problem Use less fertilizer so less nitrates can enter the lake Attempt to clean the algae out of the lake Bring in more fish to promote population growth and organism balance

17 Solar Energy Condensation Precipitation Evaporation Transpiration Evaporation Runoff Run -off Collection Water Eutrophication Land

18 Sources