Open Source Software for Digital Libraries

Transcription

1 Open Source Software for Digital Libraries Jon Dunn Associate Director for Technology John A. Walsh Manager of Electronic Text Technologies Indiana University Digital Library Program IU Digital Library Brown Bag Series Bloomington, IN 09 April 2004

2 Outline Open Source Introduction Categories of Open Source Software for Libraries Open Source Digital Library Systems Open Source XML Tools and Systems

3 What is open source software? In the phrase open source, source refers to source code, the human-readable computer code which is the origin, or source, of the computer application. Open refers to the terms of access to that computer source code. So open source software is software for which the source code is freely available. But this is a very general and incomplete definition. A detailed definition of open source software is maintained by the Open Source Initiative

4 Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Access to source code and ability and right to modify it Right to redistribute modifications to benefit wider community Free Excellent support networks Large and enthusiastic user base Disadvantages Limited or no accountability Informal and unaccountable support channels

5 Categories of Open Source Software Operating Systems Linux Programming Languages Perl, PHP, Python Applications Apache, Tomcat, emacs, grep, MySQL, sendmail, ssh

6 Different Open Source Licenses GNU GPL ("General Public License") GNU Lesser GPL BSD License Mozilla Public License IU Open Source License And more...

7 Open Source Software in the DLP Linux, Apache, Tomcat, PHP, Perl, DLXS, ImageMagick, eprints, MySQL,, Darwin Streaming Server, emacs,, CVS, Webalizer, LibXML, LibXSLT,, Saxon, and more!

8 Open Source Resources Open Source Initiative GNU SourceForge

9 Some categories of open source library software Library-oriented search engines Cheshire, Pears Z39.50 toolkits ZetaPerl (Perl), JAFER (Java), YAZ (C/C++) MARC parsers MARC.pm (Perl), MARC4J (Java) Image processing ImageMagick, tiffinfo/tiffdump

10 Some categories of open Portals source library software MyLibrary OAI service providers and data providers PHP OAI Data Provider Lots! See METS tools Page turners, toolkits, more: see Digital object repositories Fedora

11 A Good Starting Point oss4lib: Open Source Systems for Libraries

12 Complete DL Systems DSpace Eprints Greenstone

13 DSpace DSpace is a groundbreaking digital institutional repository that captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and redistributes the intellectual output of a university s s research faculty in digital formats. Developed jointly by MIT Libraries and Hewlett- Packard Licensed under BSD distribution license

14 DSpace Supports submission of, management of, and access to digital content Formats: text, images, audio, video Organized based on organizational needs of a large university Communities and collections

15 DSpace Features Digital preservation Persistent IDs, support levels for different file formats Access control Versioning Search and retrieval Based on qualified Dublin Core metadata OAI-PMH data provider To support metadata harvesters

16 DSpace Technology OS: Unix or Linux Written in Java PostgreSQL relational database Provides complete Web user interface, but Java APIs available

17 DSpace Data Model

18 DSpace Architecture

19 DSpace Demonstration MIT DSpace dspace.mit.edu

20 EPrints free software which creates online archives Developed by University of Southampton, UK Supports self-archiving of e-prints Can be configured as institutional repository or otherwise, e.g. repository focused on particular research area or discipline Licensed under GNU General Public License software.eprints.org

21 EPrints Supports submission, management of, and access to digital content Can support multiple archives on one server Moderated or unmoderated archives Search and retrieval Based on metadata Metadata can be customized for different archives and document types No access control OAI-PMH data provider

22 EPrints Technology OS: Unix or Linux Written in Perl Requirements: Apache web server MySQL relational database

23 EPrints Demonstration Digital Library of the Commons dlc.dlib.indiana.edu

24 Greenstone Suite of software for building and distributing digital library collections Developed by University of Waikato,, New Zealand Developed in cooperation with UNESCO and the Human Info NGO Licensed under GNU General Public License

25 Greenstone Features Supports creation and management of collections by administrator(s) Web interface for search and retrieval Customizable metadata Supports full text search of content Extensive document filters Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF,... Can extract metadata from documents Many ways to build a collection, including: Local files Retrieve web sites Retrieve objects via OAI-PMH

26 Focus on: Greenstone Features Ease of installation Ease of use Internationalization Full support for English, French, Spanish, Russian, and Kazakh Support for many other languages Low barriers to use Minimal system requirements Creation of CD-ROMs

27 Greenstone Technology Runs on Windows (back to 3.1), Linux, Mac OS X, Unix Written in C++, Perl, and Java Uses MG/MG++ search engine Several different Web and Java/Swing user interfaces for various functions Web interface for user access

28 Greenstone Demonstration Examples at

29 Utilities Open Source XML Tools and Systems Xalan, Xerces, libxml, libxslt, saxon Editors emacs / nxml-mode mode Database / Search Engines Apache Xindice Berkeley DB XML exist Publishing/WebApplication Frameworks AxKit Cocoon

30 XML Databases & Apache Xindice Berkeley DB XML exist Search Engines

31 Apache Xindice xml.apache.org/xindice/ Technology: Java Optimized for large numbers of small XML files. Does not work well on large files.

32 Berkeley DB XML Technology: C C++ and Java APIs

33 exist exist.sourceforge.net/ Technology: Java

34 XML Publishing / Web Application Frameworks XML Publishing, or Web Application, Frameworks provide systems for publishing XML data in a variety of formats, such as HTML, WAP/WML, PDF, etc. Both AxKit and Cocoon use a "pipeline" paradigm to route incoming requests through different processing routines. Apache AxKit Apache Cocoon

35 Apache AxKit axkit.org/ Technology: Perl AxKit is an XML Application Server for Apache. It provides on-the the-fly conversion from XML to any format, such as HTML, WAP or text using either W3C standard techniques, or flexible custom code. AxKit also uses a built-in in Perl interpreter to provide some amazingly powerful techniques for XML transformation.

36 Apache Cocoon cocoon.apache.org/ Technology: Java "Apache Cocoon is a web development framework built around the concepts of separation of concerns and component- based web development."

37 Cocoon: Key Concepts publishing framework XML and XSLT "pipelined SAX processing" separation of: content logic style centralized configuration sophisticated caching

38 Cocoon: Problems to Be Solved Separation of content, style, logic, and management functions in an XML content based web site:

39 Data mapping: Cocoon: Problems to be Solved (cont.)

40 Cocoon: Basic mechanisms for processing XML documents Dispatching based on Matchers. Generation of XML documents (from content, logic, Relation DB, objects or any combination) through Generators Transformation (to another XML, objects or any combination) of XML documents through Transformers Aggregation of XML documents through Aggregators Rendering XML through Serializers

41 Cocoon: Basic mechanisms for processing XML documents

42 Cocoon: The Pipeline Sequence of interactions:

43 Cocoon: The Pipeline

44 Generators, Transformers, & Generators Transformers Serializers Serializers

45 Cocoon: Configuration: The Sitemap <?xml version="1.0"?> <map:sitemap xmlns:map=" <map:components>... </map:components map:components> <map:views>... </map:views map:views> <map:pipelines> <map:pipeline> <map:match>... </map:match map:match>... </map:pipeline map:pipeline>... </map:pipelines map:pipelines>... </map:sitemap map:sitemap>

46 Cocoon: Configuration: A Pipeline <map:pipelines> <map:pipeline> <map:match pattern="technochat technochat/"> <map:generate src=" ="technochat/index.xhtml"/> <map:serialize/> </map:match map:match> <map:match pattern="technochat technochat/*.xml"> <map:read mime-type="text/xml" src="technochat/{1}.xml"/> </map:match map:match> <map:match pattern="technochat technochat/*.html"> <map:generate src="technochat/{1}.xml"/> <map:transform src="technochat/tei2html.xsl"/> <map:serialize/> </map:match map:match> <map:match pattern="technochat technochat/*. /*.css"> <map:read mime-type="text/ type="text/css" src="technochat/resources/styles/{1}.css ="technochat/resources/styles/{1}.css /> </map:match map:match> > <map:match pattern="technochat technochat/*. /*.svg.jpg"> <map:generate src="technochat/{1}.xml"/> <map:transform src="technochat/tei2svg.xsl"/> <map:serialize type="svg2jpeg"/> </map:match map:match> <map:match pattern="technochat technochat/*. /*.svg"> <map:generate src="technochat/{1}.xml"/> <map:transform src="technochat/tei2svg.xsl"/> <map:serialize type="svgxml svgxml"/> </map:match map:match> <map:match pattern="technochat technochat/*. /*.pdf"> <map:generate src="technochat/{1}.xml"/> <map:transform src="technochat/tei2fo.xsl"/> <map:serialize type="fo2pdf"/> </map:match map:match> </map:pipeline map:pipeline>