The BEta delayed Neutron emission measurements
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1 Brighton 2011 SEN, UPC, Barcelona The BEta delayed Neutron emission measurements M. B. Gómez Hornillos, R. Caballero, A. Riego G. Cortés, A. Poch, C. Pretel, F. Calviño SEN, UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE CATALUÑA Barcelona, SPAIN J.L. Taín, A. Algora, C. Domingo-Pardo, J. Agramunt and Gamma Spectroscopy Group IFIC- Valencia, SPAIN D. Cano, T. Martínez, A. García and Nuclear Innovation Group CIEMAT-Madrid, SPAIN I.Dillmann Uni Giessen and GSI, GERMANY
2 Beta decay of neutron rich nuclei n γ For enough neutron rich nuclei S n lies below Q β If the decay proceeds to states above S n, neutron emission dominates over γ- ray de-excitation Far enough from the stability, β- delayed neutron emission becomes the dominant decay process β-delayed neutron emission probability P n stability r-process
3 IMPORTANCE OF BETA DELAYED NEUTRON EMITTERS Nuclear power safety: Some fission products undergo Beta Delayed Neutron Emission which is essential to control the reaction. Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) highlights the importance of experimental measurements and data evaluation of delayed neutron emission in its working group 6 Delayed neutron data [WPEC-SG6]. Rapid neutron-capture process of stellar nucleosynthesis: Stellar abundances: delayed neutron emission probability (P n ) of r-process isobaric nuclei define the decay path towards stability during freeze-out, and provide a source of late time neutrons. Nuclear Structure: Additionally the measured half-lives (T 1/2 ) and β-delayed neutron-emission probabilities (P n ) can be used as first probes of the structure of the β-decay daughter nuclei in this mass region. M. B. Gómez et al. UPC, Barcelona
4 Detector layout The neutron detector consists of 44 3 He counters arranged in 3 crowns. A beta detector will measure the beta decay. Counter 2527 LND Gas 3 He Effective length (mm) Effective diameter (mm) Gas pressure (torr) Cathode material Stainless steel Triggerless DACQ. Full flexibility to modify correlation time neutron emission-detection => clean data Correlation window 1ms with minimum dead time (~ 2 %) M. B. Gómez et al. SEN, UPC, Barcelona
5 BEta delayed Neutron detector prototype Detector consists of two crowns of (8+12) 3 He detectors embedded in a polyethylene matrix with total dimensions 90x90x80 cm 3 and a r=5 cm beam hole Two different configurations. MCNPX simulation Both used successfully at JYFLTRAP for measurement of fission products MCNPX simulation M. B. Gómez et al. UPC, Barcelona
6 β-n time coincidence β-rate along the time cycle Experiment at JYFLTRAP with fission products Ions were implanted on a tape for 3T 1/2 and left decay for 7T 1/2 before moving it away from the Si detector. Decay fits to Bateman equations. ε n = 1 P n N N β n β n-rate along the time cycle M. B. Gómez et al. UPC, Barcelona
7 Pn measurements at GSI S410 Beta-decay measurements of new isotopes near the third r-process peak C. Domingo-Pardo et al. E040 Nuclear astrophysics studies at FRS-ESR: neutron rich nuclei in the 132 Sn region H. Schatz et al. S323 Beta-decay of very neutron-rich Rh, Pd, Ag nuclei including the r- process waiting point 128 Pd. F. Montes et al. Performed in 2000 To be performed in 2011 Z=28, N=50 To be performed in 2011 Neutron number N M. B. Gómez et al. UPC, Barcelona
8 Scientific Motivation Explosive nucleosynthesis and the r-process around the third abundance peak Focus of present proposals: Ignorance -Curve Effect of half-lives: r-path The Astr. Jour., 579 (2002), H. Schatz et al. Proc. CGS-13 (2009), G. Martinez-Pinedo
9 Scientific Motivation Difficult to calculate/predict half-live and Pn-values of the nuclei in this region: FRDM + QRPA K.-L. Kratz, (private communication) K.-L. Kratz, (private communication) DF3 + QRPA (I.Borzov, et al. 2003) + FRDM + QRPA (P.Moeller, et al. 2003) Exp. T. Kurtukian et al. T. Kurtukian-Nieto, et al., Phys. Lett. B (Submitted)
10 MOTIVATION & SETUP The measurements will help to improve/validate theoretical models for determining more accurately the beta-decay properties of the neutron rich nuclei and for the r-process. From the point of view of the nuclear structure, these measurements will provide the first insight into the β-strength distribution, and the relevance of FF transitions for the proposed nuclei. DSSDs + Neutron Detector X-Y SSSDs 6x6 cm mm each DSSDs 6x4 cm mm each SSSDs 6x4 cm 2 1 mm each SSSDs 6x4 cm 2 1 mm each M. B. Gómez et al. UPC, Barcelona
11 Z=28, Ni isotopes Other areas of interest Z=31, Ga isotopes Interested in nuclei in the area around doubly magic 78 Ni o Previous measurements in this area are scarce and unreliable. o Study influence of GT + FF transitions in this region. o Yields and experiment feasibility needs to be checked. o Input is welcome! Z=29, Cu isotopes Z=30, Zn isotopes Z=32, Ge isotopes Z=33, As isotopes Need of experimental values to validate Gammow Teller + First Fobidden role in beta decay as shell closures are crossed in the r- process region I. Borzov, PRC 71, , (2005) M. B. Gómez et al. UPC, Barcelona
12 STATUS Successful measurements of P n of fission products at JYFLTRAP. Test time requested for: Further background test of the whole BELEN setup at GSI Needed to test BELEN detector + Implantation detector (AIDA) + DACQ at GSI Two proposals approved at FRS-GSI will use the BELEN detector S323 Beta-decay of very neutron-rich Rh, Pd, Ag nuclei including the r- process waiting point 128 Pd. F. Montes et al. S410 Beta-decay measurements of new isotopes near the third r-process peak. C. Domingo et al. Interest in the Z=28, N=50 area around doubly magic 78 Ni. M. B. Gómez et al. UPC, Barcelona
13 SUMMARY M. B. Gómez et al. UPC, Barcelona
14 SUMMARY M. B. Gómez et al. UPC, Barcelona
15 SUMMARY M. B. Gómez et al. UPC, Barcelona
16 Background test has been performed at GSI A test has been performed at S4 to study the neutron background with beam. Six counters with individual polyethylene matrix were deployed around S4 to study the neutron background around the experimental hall and in different beam conditions. Data is currently under analysis. M. B. Gómez et al. UPC, Barcelona
17 Z=28, Ni isotopes Theoretical Pn predictions Z=31, Ga isotopes Z=29, Cu isotopes Z=30, Zn isotopes Z=32, Ge isotopes Z=33, As isotopes Need of experimental values to validate Gammow Teller + First Fobidden role in beta decay as shell closures are crossed in the r- process region. I. Borzov, PRC 71, , (2005)
18 Influence of P(1n) and P(2n) During Freeze-out : detour of β-decay chains solar r-abundance changes QRPA predictions: β-decay: 0% P(1n): 0.6 % P(2n): 99.4% In ms βn, β2n
19 Silicon IMplantation detector and Beta Absorber SIMBA Constructed and developed at 1 x and 1 y-detector, 60x60x0.3 mm 3, 60fold segmented each 2 SSSSD, 60x40x1 mm 3, 7fold segmented in x 3 DSSSD (implantation area), 60x40x0.7 mm 3, 60fold segmented in x-, 40fold in y-direction 2 SSSSD, 60x40x1 mm 3, 7fold segmented in x PhD thesis C. Hinke, TUM (2010) Diploma thesis K. Steiger, TUM (2009) Pictures: K. Steiger
20 BEta delayed Neutron detector 30 counters DETECTION EFFICIENCY [%] 20 counters NEUTRON ENERGY [MeV] 20 3 He counters (20 atm) He counters (10 atm) Efficiency 40% BELEN-30 (2011) ca. 1t PE Value of 3 He: 625 k$ (worldwide shortage) M.B. Gómez Hornillos et al., Proc. Int. Conf. on Nucl. Data for Science and Techn. (2010)
21 SIMBA + S4 BEta delayed Neutron detector Silicon IMplantation detector and Beta Absorber 2 experiments planned for 2011 t (β-n)~ 200 µs Collaboration with MSU/NSCL, TUM, Barcelona/Valencia/Madrid
22 N=82: Planned experiment N=82 t 1/2 exists identified S n = 2-3 MeV GSI proposal P n (%) QRPA
23 N=126: Planned experiment N=126 t 1/2 exists identified S n = 2-3 MeV GSI proposal P n (%) QRPA
24 The neutron emission probability P n determines the delayed neutron fraction β eff : reactor kinetics. More accurate measurements will improve summation calculations for GenIV reactors with MA containing fuel Fission Fragment distribution Uncertainties in Pn values (%)
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