Senses worksheet. Name. Section A: Eye Anatomy Color the diagram.

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Sharlene Arnold
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1 Senses worksheet Name Section A: Eye Anatomy Color the diagram. Section B: External Anatomy of EYE 1. What is the thin transparent tissue that covers the white portion of the sclera? 2. Tears are an essential fluid for eye health. What structure forms tears? 3. What are the components of lacrimal secretions? 4. Why is the function of tears (lacrimal secretions)? 5. What is the function of the meibomian glands? _ 6. What is conjunctivitis? 7. Label the parts of the eye. 1

2 Section C: Internal Anatomy of EYE 1. Identify the names of the 3 tunics of the eye in order from superficial to deep.,, 2. What is the name of the clear, transparent region of the sclera that allows light to enter the eye? 3. What is the name of the circular muscle that controls the amount of light that enters the eye? 4. What is the name of the structure within the eye that refracts and focuses light on the retina? 5. What two structures in the eye are avascular? 6. What is the round opening in the eye called? 7. What is the name of the muscles that change the shape of the lens to focus light? 8. The suspensory ligaments attach the to the. 9. The aqueous chamber contains aqueous fluid. What is the function of the fluid? 10. What happens if the aqueous humor/fluid can t drain properly? 11. Where is the vitreous chamber located? 12. What is the function of the vitreous humor? 13. What is the name of the afferent structure that carries the impulses from the eye to the cerebrum? 14. There are 3 tunics (layers) of the eye. What is the function of each layer? a. Sclera - b. Choroid - c. Retina Rods allow you to see. 16. Cones allow you to see. 17. What is the importance of the fovea centralis (macula)? 18. Which photoreceptors are found in the fovea centralis? 19. Where is the blind spot (optic disk)? What is lacking in this area? Section D: Blind Spot - Find your blind spot. The attachment point of the optic nerve on the retina contains no rods or cones. Therefore, any image falling on this region will NOT be seen. This is called the blind spot. Hold this page about 2 feet away from your face. Close your right eye. Stare at the + with your left eye. Slowly bring the page closer to you. At a certain distance, the dot will disappear. This is when the dot falls on the blind spot. Have your partner measure the distance between the page and your eye. 2

3 Section E: The EYE Under the Human A&P page, click on websites find the Eye link. Complete the tutorial. 1. What is the function of the..? a. Adipose tissue surrounding the eyes - b. Eyelids - c. Lacrimal glands - d. Extrinsic muscles - 2. Briefly describe the two parts of the outer tunic. The outer tunic is largely composed of connective tissue and a thin layer of epithelium. a. Cornea - b. Sclera - 3. Briefly describe the three parts of the middle tunic (aka vascular tunic). a. Choroid coat - b. Ciliary body - c. Iris - 4. What is secreted by the inner surface of the ciliary body? In what chamber does this fluid circulate? 5. Briefly describe the inner tunic the retina. 6. What is the function of the fovea centralis? 7. The posterior chamber contains humor. What is the function of this fluid? 8. The photoreceptors of the eye are modified neurons called. 9. What part of the eye absorbs light? 10. What do the rods and cones allow you to see? a. Rods - b. Cones What is the name of the nerve that leaves the back of the eye and carries impulses to the brain? Section F: Virtual Cow Eye Dissection Under the Human A&P page, click on websites find the Cow Eye Dissection link. Complete the tutorial. 1. What is the thick, white outer covering of the eye? 2. What is the cloudy blue layer shown? a. What color is this layer when the cow is alive? 3. Why can t cows roll their eyes? 4. What is the function of the fat around your eyes? 5. What fluid oozes out when a cut is made in the cornea? 6. What is the function of this fluid? 7. What layer will be cut through to divide the eye in half? 8. Is the pupil open more in dim light or in bright light? 9. What muscle controls the size of the pupil? 10. What is the clear goo around the lens? 11. Everything on the other side of the lens will look. 12. The lens works like a, making the world look bigger. 13. The lens is thicker in the than at the. 14. The thin film at the back of the eye that has light-sensitive cells is called the. 15. What is the name of the attachment point of the retina? 16. The retina is attached to the, which carries messages to the brain. 17. What is the function of the tapetum? 18. Name an animal besides a cat or cow you think would have a tapetum. 3

Section G: Pathway of Light When light first enters the eye, it passes through the cornea, which is a protective clear covering over the pupil and the iris.

4 Section G: Pathway of Light When light first enters the eye, it passes through the cornea, which is a protective clear covering over the pupil and the iris. The light bends as it passes through and begins to make an image. The light then passes through the pupil, the dark circle in the center of the iris, which is the colored portion of the eye. The pupil regulates the amount of light that will enter the inner eye. The light continues to travel through to the lens of the eye. The lens is a clear, flexible structure that focuses an upside-down image onto the retina. It is flexible so that it can focus images that are close up or far away. The light and images are then focused on the retina, which is a layer of light-sensitive cells (photoreceptors rods & cones) at the back of the eye. The image is then sent to the optic nerve at the back of the eye. The optic nerve receives the signals from the retina then sends them to the brain. 1. Use the paragraph above to help identify the steps in the pathway of light through the eye. a. Image is formed on the retina as a result of light bending activity of the lens b. Light enters the vitreous humor c. Light enters the cornea d. Light enters the aqueous humor e. Light enters the lens to focus light f. Axons carry impulses from retina out the optic nerve g. Light enters the pupil which is regulated by the iris Section H: Visual Pathway 1. What is accommodation? 2. What is the real image? 3. When the optic nerve leaves the back of the eyes, it comes together at the. 4. What is the optic chiasma? 5. After the optic chiasma, the optic tract continues to the. In which lobe of the brain is the visual cortex located? 6. Explain the front visual field. 7. Explain your left peripheral vision. 8. Explain your right peripheral vision. 9. If you damaged your left optic nerve, how would this affect your vision? 10. If you damaged your right optic tract, how would this affect your vision? 11. If the optic chiasma was cut, how would this affect your vision? 12. Which visual fields are interpreted by the right side of the occipital lobe? 4

5 Section I: Reflexes and Disorders Match the term with the description. myopia emmetropia photopupillary reflexes convergence hyperopia astigmatism accommodation reflexes 1. Eyes move medially to view close objects. 2. The pupil constricts to view close objects. 3. Light rays focus in front of the retina you are nearsighted. 4. Light rays focus on the retina you have normal vision. 5. More light causes the pupil to constrict, while less light causes the pupil to dilate. 6. Light rays focus behind the retina you are farsighted. 7. An unequal curvature of the lens or cornea causes light to focus as lines on the retina instead of points. Section J: Ear Anatomy Use your notes to label the ear. ossicles (3x s) pinna eardrum semicircle canals ear canal Eustachian tube cochlea vestibule auditory nerve tympanic cavity 5

6 Section K: The Ear 1. What are the functions of the ear? 2. The ear is composed of 3 primary divisions. Identify which structures are found in each of the divisions. Cochlea Eustachian Tube External Auditory Canal Auricle Ossicles Semicircular Canals Tympanic Membrane Vestibule Outer Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear 3. - collects sound waves 4. - runs downward to link middle ear cavity with throat; usually flat, but swallowing & yawning opens it briefly to equalize pressure 5. - responsible for hearing and contains nerves responsible for converting vibrations from middle ear 6. - tiny bones transmit vibrations 7. - function to maintain balance and equilibrium 8. - separates outer and middle ear; soundwaves cause it to vibrate 9. - carries sound; contains cerumonius glands, this tube connects the auricle to the eardrum ear infection type of deafness where sound is not able to be carried by the structures of the ear. This type of deafness can be due to multiple factors such as: damage to the ossicles, eardrum, blockage by earwax type of deafness where there is damage to ones nerves or receptors within the ear. Section L: Hearing Under the Human A&P page, click on websites find the Ear link. As you go through the tutorial, identify the path sound waves and impulse travel to interpret sound. A. The hammer receives vibrations from the tympanic membrane and transfers the vibrations to the connecting ossicle. B. Sound waves reach cochlea and set fluids into motion C. The pinna collects the sound waves D. Receptor cells in the organ of Corti are stimulated when hairs are bent E. Stimulated hair cells transmit impulses to auditory cortex in temporal lobe where sound is interpreted F. Sound waves vibrate the eardrum G. External auditory canal carries the sound waves H. The anvil receives and passes vibrations on I. The stirrup receives vibrations and presses on the oval window 6

Help maintain homeostasis by capturing stimuli from the external environment and relaying them to the brain for processing.

The Sense Organs... (page 409) Help maintain homeostasis by capturing stimuli from the external environment and relaying them to the brain for processing. Ex. Eye structure - protected by bony ridges and