Good COP, Bad COP? Outcomes of COP 17, SANEA January 17, Karin Ireton, Director of Sustainability

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1 Good COP, Bad COP? Outcomes of COP 17, SANEA January 17, 2012 Karin Ireton, Director of Sustainability

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4 COP 17, Durban, th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC + 7 th Members meeting, Kyoto Protocol 12,000 international government negotiators International mechanisms for the management of global climate change (considering social, economic and environmental factors) Side events for business and NGOs. NGO BINGO COP 17 International Policy

5 Underlying the Agenda 4 Urgency of keeping temperature rise to 2⁰ C Equity for developing nations which will suffer consequences of climate change but also need energy for development Finding cost effective ways of dealing with the challenge Keeping all parties in the negotiations Fund adaptation to changing climate and the need for new technologies

6 Source: Climate Progress 5

7 Business at COP17 6 Looking for opportunities to enhance their green or low carbon profiles Business development local and international Waiting for the policy signals and some certainty

8 Key mechanisms for business 7 Through observer organisations participating in discussions limited voice Business exhibition adjacent to ICC Speakers at various events commercial and specialist (formal and informal side events) Media campaigns, press releases, TV, etc Corporate hosted events A very small number as part of government delegation. Multiple workstreams in parallel.

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12 Business and the COP 11 Excellent SA Inc presence and preparation Multiple preparatory events and workshops before and during COP Displacement activity? Largely talking to ourselves? Strong rally to support government in demonstrating what SA inc is doing (through the Exhibition) Crowded programmes, competing events International business: Presented varied agenda s through CMIA, IETA, UNEP FI, WBCSD Pushing for a greater voice and to bring expertise to the table Trust deficit continues

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14 COP 17 outcomes 13 SA government perspective: Successful, key agreements achieved or place holders secure, Africafriendly, acknowledge gaps Durban Platform for Enhanced Action Positive outcome but big work programme ahead Internationally: EU achieved its goals but the compromises achieved also enable most countries to feel they have achieved something

15 Views on success 14 WWF energy and climate programme: Governments have failed to act to protect their people from extreme weather events Catastrophe is a strong word but it is not strong enough for a future with 4 degrees of warming. Governments got practically nothing done here and that s unacceptable. The responsibility lies with US, Japan, Russia, and Canada who have consistently resisted raising the level of ambition on climate change. On the positive side there been an emergence of a large coalition of high ambition countries, led by the most vulnerable nations and small island states, including many in Africa. We know climate change is a global problem and it needs a global response. This process didn t deliver that today, but that doesn t mean the global fight to tackle climate change has stopped, both within this process and outside of it.

16 Views on success 15 Greenpeace head Kumi Naidoo said emission cuts had to be happening now to keep climate change in check. The deal is due to be implemented from 2020 leaving almost no room for increasing the depth of carbon cuts in this decade when scientists say we need emissions to peak.

17 Views on success 16 Climate Action Tracker called the Durban Platform a groundbreaking establishment and a major step forward. But at the same time it estimated that temperatures would rise by 3.5 C by 2100 with the current reduction proposals on the table, instead of the needed 2 C to keep our climate in check.

18 Success -- CMIA* 17 Durban comes out as a truly excellent COP. Having agreed: a roadmap with firm due dates, a second commitment period for the Kyoto Protocol, opened up REDD+ to potential private sector approaches, achieved a number of significant reforms to the CDM, not least the launch of the CDM dialogue next year, agreed a place holder for new mechanisms and initiated the operation of various institutions, not least the green climate fund and technology centres, Durban is a true land mark amongst recent COPs, that successfully built upon the careful diplomacy of the Mexican presidency over the last 2 years. *Carbon Markets and Investors Assn

19 COP Agenda 18 Kyoto Protocol + market based mechanisms Legal Framework which would bring everybody into hard commitments Funding issues: Green Climate Fund mechanism agreed at very high level Source of funding Technology issues: Technology Centre and Network

20 Kyoto Protocol 19 2 nd commitment period for the KP will run from 1/ /2018 or 12/2020 (dovetails with the EUTS phase 3). All rules mechanisms and markets remain in action and continue to be improved A new legal instrument applicable to all parties will be developed: ratification by 2015; implementation by raised ambition levels.

21 Impact on carbon markets 20 COP17 provided for countries to agree a new set of climate change agreements by In itself, that is a huge breakthrough, but more significantly it also provides for emission reduction targets to apply to developing countries including China and India. As a result, we can expect strong growth in carbon markets over the medium term. However, these markets will take a different shape: They are more likely to be national or regional trading markets with international trade (which at least in part will be enabled by the CDM). Geoff Sinclair, Standard Bank Head of Carbon Trading

22 Carbon pricing 21 CERs are currently trading around EUR /CER and EUAs These levels are extremely depressed due to European economic conditions and can be expected to recover strongly later in 2012 and going into Standard Bank is already working actively with our clients to promote this development. Geoff Sinclair, Standard Bank Head of Carbon Trading

23 CDM improvements 22 Materiality better defined (narrower tolerance ranges for large scale projects, more leeway for smaller projects) 0.5%/500,000 tonnes; 5% for small-scale projects Materiality applied to verification by DOE s, at request for issuance, quantitative info and prescriptive and non prescriptive information. Board urged to speed up

24 Refinements of CDM 23 Executive Board and Secretariat urged to: adopt guidelines on the use of first-of-its-kind technologies/methodologies, the assessment of common practice and suppressed demand; Simplify demonstration and assessment of additionality in energy efficiency project activities and renewable energy based electrification in areas without grid connection, and simplify baseline methodologies Ensure environmental integrity in revisions of baseline and monitoring methodologies and methodological tools, improving assessment of additionality, Reduce the time required to process methodologies and to revise, on a priority basis, the methodologies that it has put on hold; Develop simplified top-down baseline and monitoring methodologies, tools and standardized baselines

25 NAMAs 24 Urges developed countries to increase ambition and transparency about assumptions, baselines, etc and to share experiences Hold workshops in 2012 to further the understanding of the mitigation actions and the underlying assumptions and support needed Encourages developing countries to create low-emission development strategies recognizing the need for financial and technical support. Set up a registry of NAMAS to facilitate matching of funds and technological and capacity building support Registry to be web-based platmorm, voluntary and management by secretariat. NAMAs to include information on co-benefits for local sustainable development

26 MRV 25 Common system for measuring, reporting and verifying emissions reductions (SA government strongly committed, launching domestic initiatives) Modalities for international assessment and review

27 Technology Centre 26 Terms of reference for Climate Technology Centre and Network Criteria to be used to evaluate and select the host of the information centre

28 Green Climate Fund 27 Copenhagen/Cancun level of ambition for funding is $30 billion/year , rising to $100 billion/year New and additional to ODA commitments -- current financial crisis a real challenge Results-based funding World Bank interim trustee (banker) Independent Board, responsible to the COP Merit-based appointments Interim secretariat (Switzerland or South Korea host?) Private sector facility and input and access (limited) Intent: Key financial instrument for funding adaptation and mitigiation (including REDD +), CCS, technology transfer and NAMAs.

29 Green Climate Fund work programme to analyse options for mobilization of resources from public, private, bilateral and multilateral sources 12 seats on governing body for developing countries (3 for Africa) Interim arrangements to terminate no later than 19 th COP (12/2013)

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31 Karin Ireton Director Group Sustainability Management Standard Bank

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