GUIDED READING ACTIVITY The mainland of Greece is a peninsula, a body of land with water on three sides.

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1 GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 7-1 The Early Greeks Directions: Reading for Accuracy Reading the section and completing the activity below will help you learn more about the early Greeks. Use your textbook to decide if a statement is true or false. Write T or F in the blank, and if a statement is false, rewrite it correctly on the line. 1. The mainland of Greece is a peninsula, a body of land with water on three sides. 2. The island of Crete lies northwest of Greece and was the home of the Minoan civilization. 3. The Minoans made their wealth from fishing. 4. The Mycenaeans invaded Greece around 1900 B.C., and their leaders became the first Greek kings. 5. The Minoans most famous victory is probably the Trojan War. 6. From B.C., the Greeks went through a difficult period of time called the Dark Age. 7. During the Dark Age, thousands of Greeks left the mainland and settled on islands in the Mediterranean Sea. 8. Nobles overthrew the Greek kings and created city-states. 9. Each Greek city-state was run by a king. 10. Greek citizens had the right to vote, hold office, own property, and defend themselves in court. 1

2 GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 7-2 Sparta and Athens Directions: Outlining Reading the section and completing the outline below will help you learn more about Sparta and Athens. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks. I. overthrew the nobles with the support of the common people. II. By 500 B.C., most city-states became either or. A. In an oligarchy, a(n) have power. B. In a democracy, all share in the government. III. was an oligarchy that focused on military training. A. Spartans were afraid that the might rebel, so they trained for war. 1. Spartan boys started training at age. 2. Spartan girls were trained in so that they would become healthy mothers. B. Sparta s was an oligarchy. 1. Two headed a council of. a. The council included citizens over age. b. The council presented laws to a(n). 2. The assembly was made up of all Spartan men over age. a. They on the council s laws. b. They chose to enforce laws and collect taxes. IV. Athens was originally an oligarchy but became a(n). A. A noble named canceled all the farmers and freed slaves. B. won the support of the poor by giving them land and loaning them money. C. is credited with making Athens a democracy. 1. He reorganized the to play the central role in governing. 2. He created a council of citizens to carry out daily business. 2

3 GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 7-3 Persia Attacks the Greeks Directions: Answering Questions Reading the section and completing the questions below will help you learn about the Persian Empire. Refer to your textbook to answer the questions. 1. What country today contains the land that was called Persia? 2. Which ruler united the Persians into a powerful kingdom? 3. How did Cyrus treat his subjects? 4. What countries were conquered by leaders under Cyrus? 5. How did Darius improve the Persian government? 6. What was the Persian religion called? 7. Why were the Greeks able to defeat the Persians on the plain of Marathon? 8. When Xerxes invaded Greece, what two city-states joined forces? 9. How did the Battle of Thermopylae help Athens, even though the Greeks lost? 10. Why was the Battle of Plataea a turning point for the Greeks? 3

4 GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 7-4 The Age of Pericles Directions: Reading for Accuracy Reading the section and completing the activity below will help you learn more about Athens during the Age of Pericles. Use your textbook to decide if a statement is true or false. Write T or F in the blank, and if a statement is false, rewrite it correctly on the line. 1. Athens formed the Delian League with other city-states, including Sparta. 2. The Delian League freed almost all of the Greek cities under Persian control. 3. Athens was a representative democracy. 4. In a direct democracy, citizens choose a smaller group to make laws. 5. Pericles allowed only upper-class male citizens to run for public office. 6. In the 400s B.C., more people lived in Sparta than in any other city-state. 7. Slavery was common in Athens, the city of democracy. 8. Athens had so much farmland that it was able to export grain to other places. 9. The conflict between Athens and Sparta was called the Peloponnesian War. 10. To win the Peloponnesian War, the Athenians made a deal with the Persians. 4

5 CONTENT VOCABULARY ACTIVITY 7 The Ancient Greeks Directions: Select one of the following terms to answer each of the questions below. agora peninsula satrap colony philosopher satrapies democracy polis tyrant direct democracy oligarchy Zoroastrianism helot representative democracy 1. What is the term for someone who takes power by force and rules with total authority? 2. What is an open space used for both market and meeting places called? 3. What is someone who ponders questions about life called? 4. What is a type of government in which only a few people hold power? 5. What is the term for the leader of one of the Persian Empire s states? 6. What is a body of land surrounded on three sides by water called? 7. What is a type of government in which citizens choose a smaller group to make laws and set policies on their behalf? 8. What was a captive worker enslaved by Sparta called? 5

6 CONTENT VOCABULARY ACTIVITY 7 (continued) The Ancient Greeks 9. What was the religion of the Persian Empire? 10. What is the term used for a Greek city-state? 11. What is a general name for a government in which citizens share in running the government? 12. What were the states of the Persian Empire called? 13. What is the term for a settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland? 14. What is a type of government in which every citizen voted first-hand on laws and policies? 6

7 ACADEMIC VOCABULARY ACTIVITY 7 The Ancient Greeks Academic Words in this Chapter region culture overseas community enforce participate vision internal behalf economy framework A. Word Meaning Activity: Identifying Synonyms and Antonyms Directions: Determine whether the following pairs of words or phrases are synonyms or antonyms. (Synonyms are words that have similar meanings, and antonyms are words with opposite meanings.) Place an S in the blank if the words are synonyms and an A if they are antonyms. 1. region area 2. culture way of life 3. overseas domestic 4. community individual 5. enforce relax 6. participate take part 7. vision image 8. internal external B. Word Usage Activity: Using Academic Terms Directions: Use the academic terms at the top of this page to replace the underlined common words in the lines below. 1. A constitution formed the main part of Athens s government. 2. Athens had a large fleet of ships, which allowed trade to occur with faraway colonies and other city-states. 7

8 ACADEMIC VOCABULARY ACTIVITY 7 (continued) The Ancient Greeks 3. People in the United States elect representatives to make government decisions in their interest. 4. Inside problems made the Persian Empire weak. 5. The Mycenaeans copied much of the Minoans ideas and other stuff. 6. Solon allowed all male citizens to join in the assembly and law courts. 7. Wine and olive oil were an important part of the Athenian way of making money. 8. Zoroaster began preaching after he had something appear before him. 9. Each Greek city-state had citizens who were part of a political group. 10. The Minoans were the first people to settle in the land that became Greece. 11. In Sparta, ephors were the people who made sure that the laws were followed. 8