Hicksville Exempted Village School District. Hicksville High School. and

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1 Hicksville Exempted Village School District Hicksville High School and Hicksville Middle School School-Wide Style Manual For Writing Research Papers Updated October 10, 2013 Hicksville Exempted Village School District 958 East High Street Hicksville, Ohio 43526

2 TITLE PAGE AND COVER MLA style does not require a cover page, but some teachers, organizations, and college professors do. 1. If a title page is required a. center the title of the report, one third of the way down the page b. center your name, teacher s name, class and date two-thirds of the way down the page 2. If a title page is not required a. In the upper right corner (this should be in the header of your document), type the following information: Your Last name followed by the page number (use insert field of pg numbers) b. In the upper left corner, type the following information: your name teacher s name class date c. center the title of the report immediately following the date d. double space everything on this page including your header TEXT OF PAPER 1. If you plan to use a word processing program a. margins should be no more than 1 inch on all sides b. use a font of 12 for the text of the paper c. font should be Times New Roman or Helvetica d. double space the text of the paper e. use the tab key once to indent paragraphs f. put one space after a comma and one space after the end of a sentence g. your last name and page number should appear in the upper right hand corner (in the header) of each page 2. If you plan to hand write your paper (Junior High only with teacher permission) a. use blue or black ink b. write only on one side of the paper c. skip one line between each line of text 2

3 CREATING A BIBLIOGRAPHY AND WORKS CITED 1. Before you begin your bibliography, you should know. a. A bibliography is a list of the sources used to prepare your paper b. After the research paper is completed, the bibliography becomes a Works Cited list and includes only those resources cited in the paper c. The Works Cited pages should be on a separate page from the rest of the paper and should be the last page of you paper d. Center the words Works Cited on the top of the page e. Bibliographic entries should be double spaced with one double space between each entry f. Entries should be listed in alphabetical order according to the first word of the entry. Do not use a, an or the for alphabetizing: begin with the second word instead. g. The first line of an entry begins at the left margin; the second and third lines and all other lines are indented one tab. This is called hanging indentation. h. MLA form dictates that dates are entered as follows: Day Month Year 17 December

4 MLA has been updated: Overview of CHANGES as of 11/2009: No More Underlining! Underlining is no more. MLA now recommends italicizing titles of independently published works (books, periodicals, films, etc). No More URLs! While website entries will still include authors, article names, and website names, when available, MLA no longer requires URLs. Writers are, however, encouraged to provide a URL if the citation information does not lead readers to easily find the source. New pagination format Each article citation in MLA Style now requires the volume and issue number, as well as the page numbers, if available. Format is required Each and every reference in the Works Cited List must have the format listed (Print, Web, CD, Television, Film, etc.). New Abbreviations. Many web source entries now require a publisher name, a date of publication, and/or page numbers. When no publisher name appears on the website, write N.p. for no publisher given. When sites omit a date of publication, write n.d. for no date. For online journals that appear only online (no print version) or on databases that do not provide pagination, write n. pag. for no pagination. 4

5 Use these Works Cited format examples to create your works cited page: BOOKS a. Book with one author, entire book used Author s Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Place Published: Publisher, Date of Publication. Print. Wilson, Frank R. The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture. New York: Pantheon, Print. b. Book with one author, only part of the book used Author s Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Place Published: Publisher, Date of Publication. Pages Used. Print. Martin, David. King s Legacy Lives in Atlanta. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, Print. c. Book with two authors and the edition is given Author s Last Name, First Name, and Second Author s First and Last Name. Title of Book. Edition used. Place Published: Publisher, Date of Publication. Print. Silverstein, Virginia, and John Smith. The Assassination of Dr. King. 4 th ed. New York: Scholastic Press,1987. Print. d. Book with three authors Author s Last Name, First Name, Second Author s First and Last Name, and Third Author s First and Last Name. Title of Book. Place Published: Publisher, Date of Publication. Print. Doe, John, Jane Smith, and Joe Public. Everything Science. Chicago: Biblioteca Press, Print. 5

6 e. Book with more than three authors Author s Last Name, First Name, et al. Title of Book. Place Published: Publisher, Date of Publication. Print. Roberts, Sally, et al. The Fascinating History of the United States. New York: Knowledge Press, Print. f. Book with an editor Editor s Last Name, First Name, ed. Title of Book. Place Published: Publisher, Date of Publication. Print. Smith, John, ed. The Pacific Ocean. New York: William Morrow, Print. g. Book with one author and one editor Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Ed. Editor's First Name Last Name. Place Published: Publisher, Date of Publication. Print. Everett, Chloe. The First Ladies. Ed. Samantha Simon. Chicago: Blue Ribbon Press, Print. ENCYCLOPEDIA OR OTHER REFERENCE BOOKS a. General Encyclopedias and Other Well-Known Reference Sources Examples: World Book Encyclopedia, Encyclopedia Americana, Webster's Dictionary, etc. Author (if there is one). Topic. Title of Encyclopedia or Reference Book. Edition Used. Year. Print. Adler, Joanna. Igloo. Encyclopedia Americana. International ed Print. Smith, John. Dogs. The World Book Encyclopedia ed. Print. *If there is no author listed, simply begin with the topic. 6

7 b. Specialized Reference Sources Author (if there is one). Topic. Title of Encyclopedia or Reference Book. Editor's Name. Edition Used. Volume. Place Published: Publisher, Date of Publication. Print. "Ride, Sally." American Astronauts. Ed. Walter Milton. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. New York: Heritage Publishers, Print. "Meercats." Exploring Mammals. Vol. 12. New York: Marshall Cavendish, Print. c. Encyclopedia/Reference Source on the Internet Author's Last Name, First Name (if available). Topic. Title of Online Encyclopedia. Publisher's Name, Date Published. Web. Date accessed. Baker, Ernestine. Golf. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, Encyclopedia Britannica, Web. 22 April ARTICLES (MAGAZINES AND NEWSPAPERS) Author s Last Name, First Name. Title of Article. Title of Magazine or Newspaper. Date of Article: Pages Used. Print. Batten, Mary. The Dream Lives On. People. February 1998: Print. SCHOLARLY JOURNAL - Print Author s Last Name, First Name. Title of Article. Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Date): Pages. Print. Bilton, Amelia. Contributing Factors in the Plague of Journal of Early American History (2009): Print. 7

8 SCHOLARLY JOURNAL Online (Not from a database.) Author s Last Name, First Name. Title of Article. Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Date): Pages. Web. Date accessed. Carmel, Kyle. An Analytical Approach to Thermal Energy. Journal of Energy 51.8 (2008): Web. 8 Novemer AUDIO RECORDING Artist's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Song or Work." Album Title. Production Company, date. Recording Format (CD, MP3 file, etc.). Souza, John Philip. "Stars and Stripes Forever." Classical America. Independence Records, MP3 file. VIDEO RECORDING Title. Director's First and Last Name. Distributor, Year of Release. Medium. William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Dir. Franco Zeffirelli. Paramount, Film. WEB SITE a. Entire Web Site Author s Last Name, First Name (if given). Title. Version or Edition (if available). Publisher (Write N.p. if not available), Date (Day Month Year; write n.d. if date is not available). Web. Date accessed (Day Month Year). <Include URL ONLY if the source can't be located without it, or if the teacher requires it.>. The World's Biomes. University of California Museum of Paleontology, n.d. Web. 5 November

9 b. Page Within a Web Site Author s Last Name, First Name (if given). "Article Title." Title of Entire Website. Version or Edition (if available). Publisher (Write N.p. if not available), Date (Day Month Year; write n.d. if date is not available). Web. Date accessed (Day Month Year). <Include URL ONLY if the source can't be located without it, or if the teacher requires it.>. Devitt, Terry. Flying High. The Why Files. University of Wisconsin Board of Regents, 9 December Web. 4 January ONLINE DATABASE Cite the source like it would be cited if it was a print source AND add the following at the end: Database Title. Medium of the source (Web). Access Date (Day Month Year). a. Magazine Article from an Online Database Moyer, Michael. The Way the Wind Blows. Scientific American. October 2009: EBSCO. Web. 14 October b. Encyclopedia Article from an Online Database McNally, Karen. Earthquake. World Book Student ed World Book. Web. 20 October c. Book Source from an Online Database Walker, Pam, and Elaine Wood. Microbes and Plants in the Saltwater Wetland. The Saltwater Wetland, Life in the Sea. New York: Facts on File, Science Online. Web. 1 October

10 d. Journal Article from an Online Database Mitlon, Walter. Academic Achievement and Learning Styles. Journal of Multidisciplinary Education 37.2 (2010): EBSCO. Web. 5 November e. Digital-Only Article from Science Online Penguin. N.d. Science Online. Web. 15 February INTERVIEW CONDUCTED BY THE RESEARCHER Last Name, First Name of Person Interviewed. Type of interview (Telephone interview, Personal interview, interview). Date of Interview. O Connell, Amanda. Telephone interview. 7 January

11 Writing Checklist (6-Point Holistic Rubric) 6 Points The paper is clearly focused on the prompt. Development of the topic is rich, as evidenced by mature thinking and a natural flow of ideas. The paper is written in an organized fashion and contains a clear introduction, body and conclusion. Vocabulary is carefully chosen to achieve the purpose of the paper. Sentence structure is varied. The paper addresses the intended audience. 3 Points The paper shows only an awareness of the prompt. There is some development of the topic, but loosely related details are included. The organization of the paper is simple, but clear, although the focus may shift at times. The paper shows only some variation of sentence structure. Mechanical errors make understanding difficult. The paper contains very few errors in mechanics. 5 Points The paper is focused on the prompt. 2 Points The paper is somewhat related to the prompt. There is little evidence of an introduction, body and conclusion. Development of the topic is logical, as evidenced by ample details which are specific and relevant. The paper is written in an organized fashion and contains a clear introduction, body and conclusion. Sentence structure is varied. The paper addresses the intended audience. Some mechanical errors may be present, but do not impair understanding. 4 Points The paper is generally related to the prompt. Development of the topic is generally logical, but may be uneven at times with less detail. The paper shows only some variation of sentence structure. The paper shows some awareness of audience. Some mechanical errors may be present, but seldom impair understanding. Limited vocabulary hinders understanding. Sentence structure is not varied; rather it is repetitive. Mechanical errors make understanding very difficult. 1 Points The paper is only slightly connected to the prompt. The paper shows inconsistent, inadequate ideas. The paper is not organized into an introduction, body and conclusion. Vocabulary is simple, and sentence structure is repetitive. The paper does not address the intended audience. Many errors in mechanics such as spelling, capitalization, and punctuation are present and greatly impair understanding. 11

12 Writing Checklist (3-Point Conventions Rubric) 3 Points The paper is free from grammatical errors that impair the reader s understanding and comprehension. Few to no errors are present in capitalization, punctuation and spelling. An understanding of grammatical conventions is displayed. 2 Points Some grammatical errors that impair the reader s understanding and comprehension. Some capitalization, punctuation and spelling errors are present. Some understanding of grammatical conventions is displayed. 1 Point Grammatical errors are frequent and impair the reader s understanding and comprehension. Many errors in capitalization, punctuation and spelling are present. A minimal understanding of grammatical conventions is displayed.

13 HELPFUL RESOURCES FOR PREPARING YOUR PAPER Citation Generators - Check with your teacher before using! (Click on NoodleBibExpress and choose MLA.) More MLA Examples