Statistics 13 Elementary Statistics
|
|
- Ira Anderson
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Statistics 13 Elementary Statistics Summer Session I 2012 Lecture Notes 2: Methods for Describing Data 1 Describing Qualitative Data Definition 2.1 classified. A class is one of the categories into which qualitative data can be Definition 2.2 The class frequency is the number of observations in the data set that fall into a particular class. Definition 2.3 The class relative frequency is the class frequency divided by the total number of observations in the data set; that is class relative frequency = class frequency total number of observations Definition 2.4 The class percentage is the class relative frequency multiplied by 100; that is, class percentage = (class relative frequency) 100 Summary of Graphical Descriptive Methods for Qualitative Data Bar Graph: The categories (classes) of the qualitative variable are represented by bars, where the height of each bar is either the class frequency, class relative frequency, or class percentage. Pie Chart: The categories (classes) of the qualitative variable are represented by slices of a pie (circle). The size of each slice is proportional to the class relative frequency. Pareto Diagram: A bar graph with the categories (classes) of the qualitative variable (i.e., the bars) arranged by height in descending order from left to right. 1 Last update: June 25,
2 Control Treatment 12.5% 16.7% 6.7% 17.8% 28.9% 20.8% 12.5% 17.8% 18.8% 18.8% 13.3% 15.6% 25 Under $25, Under $25,000 $25,000 $50,000 $25,000 $50, $50,001 $75,000 $75,001 $100,000 Above $100, $50,001 $75,000 $75,001 $100,000 Above $100,000 Prefer not to answer Prefer not to answer Income of the patients: Examples of pie charts (top) and bar graphs (down) Reasons for arriving late at work (from Wikipedia): Example of Pareto Diagram Describing Quantitative Data Summary of Graphical Descriptive Methods for Quantitative Data Dot Plot: The numerical value of each quantitative measurement in the data set is represented by a dot on a horizontal scale. When data values repeat, the dots are placed above one another vertically. Stem-and-Leaf Display: The numerical value of the quantitative variable is partitioned into a stem and a leaf. The possible stems are listed in order in a column. The leaf for each quantitative measurement in the data set is placed in the corresponding stem row. Leaves for observations with the same stem value are listed in increasing order horizontally. Histogram: The possible numerical values of the quantitative variable are partitioned into class intervals, each of which has the same width. These intervals from the scale of the horizontal axis. The frequency or relative frequency of observations in each class interval is determined. A vertical bar is placed over each class interval, with the height of the bar equal to either the class frequency or class relative frequency. 2
3 Dotplots Example 1 The outbreak of food poisoning on a sportsday, Thailand Age by sex Distribution of birthdate F M Frequency Stem-and-Leaf Display Example 2 The following data show the ages of the 27 residents of Alcan, Alaska. (Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census) The stem-and-plot leaf for the data:
4 Histograms Example 3 Using the age data from above. Histogram of age Histogram of age Frequency Relative Frequency age age The Meaning of Summation Notation n i=1 x i Sum the measurements of the variable that appears to the right of the summation symbol, beginning with the first measurement and ending with the nth measurement. Example 4 A data set contains the observations 5,1,3,2,1. Then we set x 1 = 5, x 2 = 1, x 3 = 3, x 4 = 2, x 5 = 1. Then a. 5 i=1 x i = x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 = = 12 b. 5 i=1 x 2 i = x2 1 + x2 2 + x2 3 + x2 4 + x2 5 = = 12 c. 5 i=1 (x 1) = (x 1 1) + (x 2 1) + (x 3 1) + (x 4 1) + (x 5 1) = (x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 ) ( ) = 5 i=1 x i 5 = 12 5 = 7 d. 5 i=1 (x 1) 2 = (x 1 1) 2 +(x 2 1) 2 +(x 3 1) 2 +(x 4 1) 2 +(x 5 1) 2 = = 21 e. ( 5 i=1 x i ) 2 = (x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + x 4 + x 5 ) 2 = ( ) 2 = 12 2 = 144 Definition 2.5 The mean of a set of quantitative data is the sum of the measurements, divided by the number of measurements contained in the data set. Formula for a Sample Mean: x = n i=1 x i n Symbols for the Sample Mean and the Population Mean x =Sample mean µ =Population mean 4
5 Definition 2.6 The median of a quantitative data set is the middle number when the measurements are arranged in ascending (or descending) order. Calculating a Sample Median M Arrange the n measurements from the smallest to the largest. 1. If n is odd, M is the middle number. 2. If n is even, M is the mean of the middle two numbers. Definition 2.7 A data set is said to be skewed if one tail of the distribution has more extreme observations than the other tail. mean median mean median mean median Relative frequency Relative frequency Relative frequency Rightward skewness Symmetry Leftward skewness Definition 2.8 set. The mode is the measurement that occurs most frequently in the data Definition 2.9 The range of a quantitative data set is equal to the largest measurement minus the smallest measurement. Definition 2.10 The sample variance for a sample of n measurements is equal to the sum of the squared distances from the mean, divided by (n 1). The symbol s 2 is used to represent the sample variance. n i=1 (x i x) 2 Formula for a Sample Variance: s 2 = n 1 n n A shortcut formula: s 2 i=1 = x2 ( i=1 x i) 2 i n n 1 5
6 Definition 2.11 The sample standard deviation, s, is defined as the positive square root of the sample variance, s 2, or, mathematically, s = s 2 Symbols for Variance and Standard Deviation s 2 = Sample variance s = Sample standard deviation σ 2 = Population variance σ = Population standard deviation Numerical Descriptive Measures Central Tendency Mean Median Mode Variation Range Variance Standard Deviation Two ways to interpret the standard deviation: 1. Chebyshev s Rule and 2. Empirical Rule. 1. Chebyshev s rule applies to any data set, regardless of the shape of the frequency distribution of the data. a. It is possible that very few of the measurements will fall within one standard deviation of the mean. b. At least 3/4 of the measurements will fall within two standard deviations of the mean. c. At least 8/9 of the measurements will fall within three standard deviations of the mean. d. Generally, for any number k greater than 1, at least (1 1/k 2 ) of the measurements will fall within k standard deviations of the mean. 2. Empirical rule is a rule of thumb that applies to data sets with frequency distributions that are mound shaped and symmetric, as follows: Relative frequency Population measurements 6
7 a. Approximately 68% of the measurements will fall within one standard deviation of the mean. b. Approximately 95% of the measurements will fall within two standard deviations of the mean. c. Approximately 99.7% (essentially all) of the measurements will fall within three standard deviation of the mean. x ± s x ± 2s x ± 3s x ± ks ( x ± σ) ( x ± 2σ) ( x ± 3σ) ( x ± kσ) Chebyshev s rule less than 3 At least 3 At least 8 At least (1 1 ) k 2 Empirical rule approx 68% approx 95% approx 99.7% Example 5 Use Chebyshev s Theorem to give a lower bound on the percent of data in the interval ( x 2.5s, x + 2.5s). Answer: At least 1 1/2.5 2 = 0.84 = 84% of the measurements will fall within the interval. i.e. The lower bound is 84%. Definition 2.12 For any set of n measurements (arranged in ascending or descending order), the pth percentile is a number such that p% of the measurements fall below that number and (100 p)% fall above it. Definition 2.13 The sample z-score for a measurement x is z = x x s The population z-score for a measurement x is z = x µ σ Interpretation of z-scores for Mound-Shaped Distributions of Data 1. Approximately 68% of the measurements will have a z-score between -1 and Approximately 95% of the measurements will have z-score between -2 and Approximately 97% (almost all) of the measurements will have a z-score between -3 and 3. Definition 2.14 An observation (or measurement) that is unusually large or small relative to the other values in a data set is called an outlier. Outliers typically are attributable to one of the following causes: 1. The measurement is observed, recorded, or entered into the computer incorrectly. 2. The measurement comes from a different population. 7
8 3. The measurement is correct, but represents a rare (chance) event. Definition 2.15 The lower quartile Q L is the 25th percentile of a data set. The middle quartile M is the median. The upper quartile Q U is the 75th percentile. Definition 2.16 The interquartile range (IQR) is the distance between the lower and upper quartiles. Elements of a Box Plot IQR= Q U Q L 1. A rectangle (the box) is drawn with the ends (the hinges) drawn at the lower and upper quartiles(q L and Q U ). The median of the data is shown in the box, usually by a line. 2. The points at distances 1.5(IQR) from each hinge mark the inner fences of the data set. Lines (the whiskers) are drawn from each hinge to the most extreme measurement inside the inner fence. Thus, Lower inner fence= Q L 1.5(IQR) Upper inner fence= Q U + 1.5(IQR) A second pair of fences, the outer fences, appears at a distance of 3(IQR) from the hinges. One symbol (e.g., * ) is used to represent measurements falling between the inner and outer fences, and another (e.g., 0 ) is used to represent measurements that lie beyond the outer fences. Thus outer fences are not shown unless one or more measurements lie beyond them. We have Lower outer fence= Q L 3(IQR) Upper outer fence= Q U + 3(IQR) Different symbols can be used to represent the median and the extreme data points. Measurements beyond the outer fences are probably outliers. Graphing Bivariate Relationships One way to describe the relationship between two quantitative variables, called a bivariate relationship, is to plot the data in a scattergram (or scatterplot). a. Positive relationship b. Negative relationship c. No relationship 8
Descriptive Statistics
Y520 Robert S Michael Goal: Learn to calculate indicators and construct graphs that summarize and describe a large quantity of values. Using the textbook readings and other resources listed on the web
More informationExercise 1.12 (Pg. 22-23)
Individuals: The objects that are described by a set of data. They may be people, animals, things, etc. (Also referred to as Cases or Records) Variables: The characteristics recorded about each individual.
More informationExploratory data analysis (Chapter 2) Fall 2011
Exploratory data analysis (Chapter 2) Fall 2011 Data Examples Example 1: Survey Data 1 Data collected from a Stat 371 class in Fall 2005 2 They answered questions about their: gender, major, year in school,
More informationThe right edge of the box is the third quartile, Q 3, which is the median of the data values above the median. Maximum Median
CONDENSED LESSON 2.1 Box Plots In this lesson you will create and interpret box plots for sets of data use the interquartile range (IQR) to identify potential outliers and graph them on a modified box
More informationVariables. Exploratory Data Analysis
Exploratory Data Analysis Exploratory Data Analysis involves both graphical displays of data and numerical summaries of data. A common situation is for a data set to be represented as a matrix. There is
More informationChapter 1: Looking at Data Section 1.1: Displaying Distributions with Graphs
Types of Variables Chapter 1: Looking at Data Section 1.1: Displaying Distributions with Graphs Quantitative (numerical)variables: take numerical values for which arithmetic operations make sense (addition/averaging)
More informationDescriptive statistics Statistical inference statistical inference, statistical induction and inferential statistics
Descriptive statistics is the discipline of quantitatively describing the main features of a collection of data. Descriptive statistics are distinguished from inferential statistics (or inductive statistics),
More informationDiagrams and Graphs of Statistical Data
Diagrams and Graphs of Statistical Data One of the most effective and interesting alternative way in which a statistical data may be presented is through diagrams and graphs. There are several ways in
More informationSTATS8: Introduction to Biostatistics. Data Exploration. Babak Shahbaba Department of Statistics, UCI
STATS8: Introduction to Biostatistics Data Exploration Babak Shahbaba Department of Statistics, UCI Introduction After clearly defining the scientific problem, selecting a set of representative members
More informationLecture 1: Review and Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
Lecture 1: Review and Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) Sandy Eckel seckel@jhsph.edu Department of Biostatistics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore USA 21 April 2008 1 / 40 Course Information I Course
More informationSummarizing and Displaying Categorical Data
Summarizing and Displaying Categorical Data Categorical data can be summarized in a frequency distribution which counts the number of cases, or frequency, that fall into each category, or a relative frequency
More informationIntroduction to Statistics for Psychology. Quantitative Methods for Human Sciences
Introduction to Statistics for Psychology and Quantitative Methods for Human Sciences Jonathan Marchini Course Information There is website devoted to the course at http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/ marchini/phs.html
More informationPie Charts. proportion of ice-cream flavors sold annually by a given brand. AMS-5: Statistics. Cherry. Cherry. Blueberry. Blueberry. Apple.
Graphical Representations of Data, Mean, Median and Standard Deviation In this class we will consider graphical representations of the distribution of a set of data. The goal is to identify the range of
More informationHow To Write A Data Analysis
Mathematics Probability and Statistics Curriculum Guide Revised 2010 This page is intentionally left blank. Introduction The Mathematics Curriculum Guide serves as a guide for teachers when planning instruction
More informationSummary of Formulas and Concepts. Descriptive Statistics (Ch. 1-4)
Summary of Formulas and Concepts Descriptive Statistics (Ch. 1-4) Definitions Population: The complete set of numerical information on a particular quantity in which an investigator is interested. We assume
More informationBNG 202 Biomechanics Lab. Descriptive statistics and probability distributions I
BNG 202 Biomechanics Lab Descriptive statistics and probability distributions I Overview The overall goal of this short course in statistics is to provide an introduction to descriptive and inferential
More informationCenter: Finding the Median. Median. Spread: Home on the Range. Center: Finding the Median (cont.)
Center: Finding the Median When we think of a typical value, we usually look for the center of the distribution. For a unimodal, symmetric distribution, it s easy to find the center it s just the center
More information1.3 Measuring Center & Spread, The Five Number Summary & Boxplots. Describing Quantitative Data with Numbers
1.3 Measuring Center & Spread, The Five Number Summary & Boxplots Describing Quantitative Data with Numbers 1.3 I can n Calculate and interpret measures of center (mean, median) in context. n Calculate
More informationWeek 1. Exploratory Data Analysis
Week 1 Exploratory Data Analysis Practicalities This course ST903 has students from both the MSc in Financial Mathematics and the MSc in Statistics. Two lectures and one seminar/tutorial per week. Exam
More informationDESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS. The purpose of statistics is to condense raw data to make it easier to answer specific questions; test hypotheses.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS The purpose of statistics is to condense raw data to make it easier to answer specific questions; test hypotheses. DESCRIPTIVE VS. INFERENTIAL STATISTICS Descriptive To organize,
More information3: Summary Statistics
3: Summary Statistics Notation Let s start by introducing some notation. Consider the following small data set: 4 5 30 50 8 7 4 5 The symbol n represents the sample size (n = 0). The capital letter X denotes
More informationMBA 611 STATISTICS AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS
MBA 611 STATISTICS AND QUANTITATIVE METHODS Part I. Review of Basic Statistics (Chapters 1-11) A. Introduction (Chapter 1) Uncertainty: Decisions are often based on incomplete information from uncertain
More informationLecture 2: Descriptive Statistics and Exploratory Data Analysis
Lecture 2: Descriptive Statistics and Exploratory Data Analysis Further Thoughts on Experimental Design 16 Individuals (8 each from two populations) with replicates Pop 1 Pop 2 Randomly sample 4 individuals
More informationMEASURES OF VARIATION
NORMAL DISTRIBTIONS MEASURES OF VARIATION In statistics, it is important to measure the spread of data. A simple way to measure spread is to find the range. But statisticians want to know if the data are
More informationSta 309 (Statistics And Probability for Engineers)
Instructor: Prof. Mike Nasab Sta 309 (Statistics And Probability for Engineers) Chapter 2 Organizing and Summarizing Data Raw Data: When data are collected in original form, they are called raw data. The
More informationExploratory Data Analysis
Exploratory Data Analysis Johannes Schauer johannes.schauer@tugraz.at Institute of Statistics Graz University of Technology Steyrergasse 17/IV, 8010 Graz www.statistics.tugraz.at February 12, 2008 Introduction
More informationThe Big Picture. Describing Data: Categorical and Quantitative Variables Population. Descriptive Statistics. Community Coalitions (n = 175)
Describing Data: Categorical and Quantitative Variables Population The Big Picture Sampling Statistical Inference Sample Exploratory Data Analysis Descriptive Statistics In order to make sense of data,
More informationFoundation of Quantitative Data Analysis
Foundation of Quantitative Data Analysis Part 1: Data manipulation and descriptive statistics with SPSS/Excel HSRS #10 - October 17, 2013 Reference : A. Aczel, Complete Business Statistics. Chapters 1
More informationProbability and Statistics Vocabulary List (Definitions for Middle School Teachers)
Probability and Statistics Vocabulary List (Definitions for Middle School Teachers) B Bar graph a diagram representing the frequency distribution for nominal or discrete data. It consists of a sequence
More informationExpression. Variable Equation Polynomial Monomial Add. Area. Volume Surface Space Length Width. Probability. Chance Random Likely Possibility Odds
Isosceles Triangle Congruent Leg Side Expression Equation Polynomial Monomial Radical Square Root Check Times Itself Function Relation One Domain Range Area Volume Surface Space Length Width Quantitative
More informationChapter 2: Frequency Distributions and Graphs
Chapter 2: Frequency Distributions and Graphs Learning Objectives Upon completion of Chapter 2, you will be able to: Organize the data into a table or chart (called a frequency distribution) Construct
More information3.2 Measures of Spread
3.2 Measures of Spread In some data sets the observations are close together, while in others they are more spread out. In addition to measures of the center, it's often important to measure the spread
More informationUsing SPSS, Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics
1 Using SPSS, Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics Chapters 2.1 & 2.2 Descriptive Statistics 2 Mean, Standard Deviation, Variance, Range, Minimum, Maximum 2 Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation, Variance,
More informationSampling and Descriptive Statistics
Sampling and Descriptive Statistics Berlin Chen Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Reference: 1. W. Navidi. Statistics for Engineering and Scientists.
More informationTHE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION & PROBABILITY
REVISION SHEET STATISTICS 1 (MEI) THE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION & PROBABILITY The main ideas in this chapter are Probabilities based on selecting or arranging objects Probabilities based on the binomial distribution
More informationNorthumberland Knowledge
Northumberland Knowledge Know Guide How to Analyse Data - November 2012 - This page has been left blank 2 About this guide The Know Guides are a suite of documents that provide useful information about
More informationStatistics Revision Sheet Question 6 of Paper 2
Statistics Revision Sheet Question 6 of Paper The Statistics question is concerned mainly with the following terms. The Mean and the Median and are two ways of measuring the average. sumof values no. of
More information1) Write the following as an algebraic expression using x as the variable: Triple a number subtracted from the number
1) Write the following as an algebraic expression using x as the variable: Triple a number subtracted from the number A. 3(x - x) B. x 3 x C. 3x - x D. x - 3x 2) Write the following as an algebraic expression
More informationDescribing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
24 Chapter 2. Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data Chapter 2. Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data There are many tools used in Statistics to visualize, summarize, and describe data. This chapter
More informationAP Statistics Solutions to Packet 2
AP Statistics Solutions to Packet 2 The Normal Distributions Density Curves and the Normal Distribution Standard Normal Calculations HW #9 1, 2, 4, 6-8 2.1 DENSITY CURVES (a) Sketch a density curve that
More informationData Exploration Data Visualization
Data Exploration Data Visualization What is data exploration? A preliminary exploration of the data to better understand its characteristics. Key motivations of data exploration include Helping to select
More informationStatistics Chapter 2
Statistics Chapter 2 Frequency Tables A frequency table organizes quantitative data. partitions data into classes (intervals). shows how many data values are in each class. Test Score Number of Students
More informationDescribing and presenting data
Describing and presenting data All epidemiological studies involve the collection of data on the exposures and outcomes of interest. In a well planned study, the raw observations that constitute the data
More informationScatter Plots with Error Bars
Chapter 165 Scatter Plots with Error Bars Introduction The procedure extends the capability of the basic scatter plot by allowing you to plot the variability in Y and X corresponding to each point. Each
More informationList of Examples. Examples 319
Examples 319 List of Examples DiMaggio and Mantle. 6 Weed seeds. 6, 23, 37, 38 Vole reproduction. 7, 24, 37 Wooly bear caterpillar cocoons. 7 Homophone confusion and Alzheimer s disease. 8 Gear tooth strength.
More informationMean = (sum of the values / the number of the value) if probabilities are equal
Population Mean Mean = (sum of the values / the number of the value) if probabilities are equal Compute the population mean Population/Sample mean: 1. Collect the data 2. sum all the values in the population/sample.
More informationBusiness Statistics. Successful completion of Introductory and/or Intermediate Algebra courses is recommended before taking Business Statistics.
Business Course Text Bowerman, Bruce L., Richard T. O'Connell, J. B. Orris, and Dawn C. Porter. Essentials of Business, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2008, ISBN: 978-0-07-331988-9. Required Computing
More information6.4 Normal Distribution
Contents 6.4 Normal Distribution....................... 381 6.4.1 Characteristics of the Normal Distribution....... 381 6.4.2 The Standardized Normal Distribution......... 385 6.4.3 Meaning of Areas under
More informationWhat Does the Normal Distribution Sound Like?
What Does the Normal Distribution Sound Like? Ananda Jayawardhana Pittsburg State University ananda@pittstate.edu Published: June 2013 Overview of Lesson In this activity, students conduct an investigation
More informationWhy Taking This Course? Course Introduction, Descriptive Statistics and Data Visualization. Learning Goals. GENOME 560, Spring 2012
Why Taking This Course? Course Introduction, Descriptive Statistics and Data Visualization GENOME 560, Spring 2012 Data are interesting because they help us understand the world Genomics: Massive Amounts
More informationTopic 9 ~ Measures of Spread
AP Statistics Topic 9 ~ Measures of Spread Activity 9 : Baseball Lineups The table to the right contains data on the ages of the two teams involved in game of the 200 National League Division Series. Is
More informationIntroduction to Environmental Statistics. The Big Picture. Populations and Samples. Sample Data. Examples of sample data
A Few Sources for Data Examples Used Introduction to Environmental Statistics Professor Jessica Utts University of California, Irvine jutts@uci.edu 1. Statistical Methods in Water Resources by D.R. Helsel
More informationA and B This represents the probability that both events A and B occur. This can be calculated using the multiplication rules of probability.
Glossary Brase: Understandable Statistics, 10e A B This is the notation used to represent the conditional probability of A given B. A and B This represents the probability that both events A and B occur.
More informationHISTOGRAMS, CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY AND BOX PLOTS
Mathematics Revision Guides Histograms, Cumulative Frequency and Box Plots Page 1 of 25 M.K. HOME TUITION Mathematics Revision Guides Level: GCSE Higher Tier HISTOGRAMS, CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY AND BOX PLOTS
More informationVisualizing Data. Contents. 1 Visualizing Data. Anthony Tanbakuchi Department of Mathematics Pima Community College. Introductory Statistics Lectures
Introductory Statistics Lectures Visualizing Data Descriptive Statistics I Department of Mathematics Pima Community College Redistribution of this material is prohibited without written permission of the
More informationDesCartes (Combined) Subject: Mathematics Goal: Statistics and Probability
DesCartes (Combined) Subject: Mathematics Goal: Statistics and Probability RIT Score Range: Below 171 Below 171 Data Analysis and Statistics Solves simple problems based on data from tables* Compares
More informationMATH 103/GRACEY PRACTICE EXAM/CHAPTERS 2-3. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
MATH 3/GRACEY PRACTICE EXAM/CHAPTERS 2-3 Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Provide an appropriate response. 1) The frequency distribution
More informationBiostatistics: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: 2, VARIABILITY
Biostatistics: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: 2, VARIABILITY 1. Introduction Besides arriving at an appropriate expression of an average or consensus value for observations of a population, it is important to
More information2 Describing, Exploring, and
2 Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data This chapter introduces the graphical plotting and summary statistics capabilities of the TI- 83 Plus. First row keys like \ R (67$73/276 are used to obtain
More informationDESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS - CHAPTERS 1 & 2 1
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS - CHAPTERS 1 & 2 1 OVERVIEW STATISTICS PANIK...THE THEORY AND METHODS OF COLLECTING, ORGANIZING, PRESENTING, ANALYZING, AND INTERPRETING DATA SETS SO AS TO DETERMINE THEIR ESSENTIAL
More informationLesson 4 Measures of Central Tendency
Outline Measures of a distribution s shape -modality and skewness -the normal distribution Measures of central tendency -mean, median, and mode Skewness and Central Tendency Lesson 4 Measures of Central
More informationCommon Core Unit Summary Grades 6 to 8
Common Core Unit Summary Grades 6 to 8 Grade 8: Unit 1: Congruence and Similarity- 8G1-8G5 rotations reflections and translations,( RRT=congruence) understand congruence of 2 d figures after RRT Dilations
More informationAP * Statistics Review. Descriptive Statistics
AP * Statistics Review Descriptive Statistics Teacher Packet Advanced Placement and AP are registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board. The College Board was not involved in the production
More informationCommon Tools for Displaying and Communicating Data for Process Improvement
Common Tools for Displaying and Communicating Data for Process Improvement Packet includes: Tool Use Page # Box and Whisker Plot Check Sheet Control Chart Histogram Pareto Diagram Run Chart Scatter Plot
More informationMeasurement with Ratios
Grade 6 Mathematics, Quarter 2, Unit 2.1 Measurement with Ratios Overview Number of instructional days: 15 (1 day = 45 minutes) Content to be learned Use ratio reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical
More informationDef: The standard normal distribution is a normal probability distribution that has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
Lecture 6: Chapter 6: Normal Probability Distributions A normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution for a random variable x. The graph of a normal distribution is called the normal curve.
More informationBig Ideas in Mathematics
Big Ideas in Mathematics which are important to all mathematics learning. (Adapted from the NCTM Curriculum Focal Points, 2006) The Mathematics Big Ideas are organized using the PA Mathematics Standards
More informationCourse Text. Required Computing Software. Course Description. Course Objectives. StraighterLine. Business Statistics
Course Text Business Statistics Lind, Douglas A., Marchal, William A. and Samuel A. Wathen. Basic Statistics for Business and Economics, 7th edition, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2010, ISBN: 9780077384470 [This
More informationAP STATISTICS REVIEW (YMS Chapters 1-8)
AP STATISTICS REVIEW (YMS Chapters 1-8) Exploring Data (Chapter 1) Categorical Data nominal scale, names e.g. male/female or eye color or breeds of dogs Quantitative Data rational scale (can +,,, with
More informationA Correlation of. to the. South Carolina Data Analysis and Probability Standards
A Correlation of to the South Carolina Data Analysis and Probability Standards INTRODUCTION This document demonstrates how Stats in Your World 2012 meets the indicators of the South Carolina Academic Standards
More informationCh. 3.1 # 3, 4, 7, 30, 31, 32
Math Elementary Statistics: A Brief Version, 5/e Bluman Ch. 3. # 3, 4,, 30, 3, 3 Find (a) the mean, (b) the median, (c) the mode, and (d) the midrange. 3) High Temperatures The reported high temperatures
More informationExploratory Data Analysis. Psychology 3256
Exploratory Data Analysis Psychology 3256 1 Introduction If you are going to find out anything about a data set you must first understand the data Basically getting a feel for you numbers Easier to find
More informationStatistics I for QBIC. Contents and Objectives. Chapters 1 7. Revised: August 2013
Statistics I for QBIC Text Book: Biostatistics, 10 th edition, by Daniel & Cross Contents and Objectives Chapters 1 7 Revised: August 2013 Chapter 1: Nature of Statistics (sections 1.1-1.6) Objectives
More informationDescriptive statistics parameters: Measures of centrality
Descriptive statistics parameters: Measures of centrality Contents Definitions... 3 Classification of descriptive statistics parameters... 4 More about central tendency estimators... 5 Relationship between
More informationIntro to Statistics 8 Curriculum
Intro to Statistics 8 Curriculum Unit 1 Bar, Line and Circle Graphs Estimated time frame for unit Big Ideas 8 Days... Essential Question Concepts Competencies Lesson Plans and Suggested Resources Bar graphs
More informationDescriptive Statistics. Purpose of descriptive statistics Frequency distributions Measures of central tendency Measures of dispersion
Descriptive Statistics Purpose of descriptive statistics Frequency distributions Measures of central tendency Measures of dispersion Statistics as a Tool for LIS Research Importance of statistics in research
More informationPractice#1(chapter1,2) Name
Practice#1(chapter1,2) Name Solve the problem. 1) The average age of the students in a statistics class is 22 years. Does this statement describe descriptive or inferential statistics? A) inferential statistics
More informationGlencoe. correlated to SOUTH CAROLINA MATH CURRICULUM STANDARDS GRADE 6 3-3, 5-8 8-4, 8-7 1-6, 4-9
Glencoe correlated to SOUTH CAROLINA MATH CURRICULUM STANDARDS GRADE 6 STANDARDS 6-8 Number and Operations (NO) Standard I. Understand numbers, ways of representing numbers, relationships among numbers,
More informationMATH BOOK OF PROBLEMS SERIES. New from Pearson Custom Publishing!
MATH BOOK OF PROBLEMS SERIES New from Pearson Custom Publishing! The Math Book of Problems Series is a database of math problems for the following courses: Pre-algebra Algebra Pre-calculus Calculus Statistics
More informationModule 4: Data Exploration
Module 4: Data Exploration Now that you have your data downloaded from the Streams Project database, the detective work can begin! Before computing any advanced statistics, we will first use descriptive
More informationLecture 2. Summarizing the Sample
Lecture 2 Summarizing the Sample WARNING: Today s lecture may bore some of you It s (sort of) not my fault I m required to teach you about what we re going to cover today. I ll try to make it as exciting
More informationbusiness statistics using Excel OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Glyn Davis & Branko Pecar
business statistics using Excel Glyn Davis & Branko Pecar OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Detailed contents Introduction to Microsoft Excel 2003 Overview Learning Objectives 1.1 Introduction to Microsoft Excel
More informationDATA INTERPRETATION AND STATISTICS
PholC60 September 001 DATA INTERPRETATION AND STATISTICS Books A easy and systematic introductory text is Essentials of Medical Statistics by Betty Kirkwood, published by Blackwell at about 14. DESCRIPTIVE
More informationChapter 1: Exploring Data
Chapter 1: Exploring Data Chapter 1 Review 1. As part of survey of college students a researcher is interested in the variable class standing. She records a 1 if the student is a freshman, a 2 if the student
More informationBasics of Statistics
Basics of Statistics Jarkko Isotalo 30 20 10 Std. Dev = 486.32 Mean = 3553.8 0 N = 120.00 2400.0 2800.0 3200.0 3600.0 4000.0 4400.0 4800.0 2600.0 3000.0 3400.0 3800.0 4200.0 4600.0 5000.0 Birthweights
More informationAlgebra I Vocabulary Cards
Algebra I Vocabulary Cards Table of Contents Expressions and Operations Natural Numbers Whole Numbers Integers Rational Numbers Irrational Numbers Real Numbers Absolute Value Order of Operations Expression
More informationMeans, standard deviations and. and standard errors
CHAPTER 4 Means, standard deviations and standard errors 4.1 Introduction Change of units 4.2 Mean, median and mode Coefficient of variation 4.3 Measures of variation 4.4 Calculating the mean and standard
More informationData Mining Techniques Chapter 5: The Lure of Statistics: Data Mining Using Familiar Tools
Data Mining Techniques Chapter 5: The Lure of Statistics: Data Mining Using Familiar Tools Occam s razor.......................................................... 2 A look at data I.........................................................
More informationSECTION 2-1: OVERVIEW SECTION 2-2: FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS
SECTION 2-1: OVERVIEW Chapter 2 Describing, Exploring and Comparing Data 19 In this chapter, we will use the capabilities of Excel to help us look more carefully at sets of data. We can do this by re-organizing
More informationClassify the data as either discrete or continuous. 2) An athlete runs 100 meters in 10.5 seconds. 2) A) Discrete B) Continuous
Chapter 2 Overview Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Classify as categorical or qualitative data. 1) A survey of autos parked in
More informationIn mathematics, there are four attainment targets: using and applying mathematics; number and algebra; shape, space and measures, and handling data.
MATHEMATICS: THE LEVEL DESCRIPTIONS In mathematics, there are four attainment targets: using and applying mathematics; number and algebra; shape, space and measures, and handling data. Attainment target
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Exam Name 1) A recent report stated ʺBased on a sample of 90 truck drivers, there is evidence to indicate that, on average, independent truck drivers earn more than company -hired truck drivers.ʺ Does
More informationFairfield Public Schools
Mathematics Fairfield Public Schools AP Statistics AP Statistics BOE Approved 04/08/2014 1 AP STATISTICS Critical Areas of Focus AP Statistics is a rigorous course that offers advanced students an opportunity
More information+ Chapter 1 Exploring Data
Chapter 1 Exploring Data Introduction: Data Analysis: Making Sense of Data 1.1 Analyzing Categorical Data 1.2 Displaying Quantitative Data with Graphs 1.3 Describing Quantitative Data with Numbers Introduction
More informationCRLS Mathematics Department Algebra I Curriculum Map/Pacing Guide
Curriculum Map/Pacing Guide page 1 of 14 Quarter I start (CP & HN) 170 96 Unit 1: Number Sense and Operations 24 11 Totals Always Include 2 blocks for Review & Test Operating with Real Numbers: How are
More informationChapter 3 RANDOM VARIATE GENERATION
Chapter 3 RANDOM VARIATE GENERATION In order to do a Monte Carlo simulation either by hand or by computer, techniques must be developed for generating values of random variables having known distributions.
More informationdetermining relationships among the explanatory variables, and
Chapter 4 Exploratory Data Analysis A first look at the data. As mentioned in Chapter 1, exploratory data analysis or EDA is a critical first step in analyzing the data from an experiment. Here are the
More information5/31/2013. 6.1 Normal Distributions. Normal Distributions. Chapter 6. Distribution. The Normal Distribution. Outline. Objectives.
The Normal Distribution C H 6A P T E R The Normal Distribution Outline 6 1 6 2 Applications of the Normal Distribution 6 3 The Central Limit Theorem 6 4 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution
More informationGeoGebra Statistics and Probability
GeoGebra Statistics and Probability Project Maths Development Team 2013 www.projectmaths.ie Page 1 of 24 Index Activity Topic Page 1 Introduction GeoGebra Statistics 3 2 To calculate the Sum, Mean, Count,
More information