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1 Oconteudodopresenterelatorioedeunicaresponsabilidadedo(s)autor(es). (Thecontentsofthisreportarethesoleresponsibilityoftheauthor(s).) MULTIWAREPLATFORM:SOMEISSUES ABOUTTHEMIDDLEWARELAYER RelatorioTecnicoDCC{95-25 EdmundoRobertoMauroMadeira CampinasSP-Brazil Unicamp-IMECC-DCC Dezembrode1995

2 MULTIWAREPLATFORM:SOMEISSUESABOUTTHE EdmundoRobertoMauroMadeira MIDDLEWARELAYER CampinasSP-Brazil Unicamp-IMECC-DCC ModelforOpenDistributedProcessing)andexistentproducts,likeANSAwareand alitiestosupportandfacilitatethedevelopment,useandmanagementofcooperative applications,likegroupdecisionsupportsystemsforgis(geographicalinformation CORBA(CommonObjectRequestBrokerArchitecture).Theplatformoersfunction- LayeroftheMultiwarePlatformthatisunderdevelopmentatUNICAMP-University ofcampinas,brazil.thisplatformcombinesideasfromboththerm-odp(reference ThispaperpresentstheconceptualandimplementationmodelstotheMiddleware Abstract Systems). thefuture(andpresent)needsoftheusersforintegrationandcooperativeworkstimulated Theadvancesinthecommunicationtechnologywithhightransmissionratestogetherwith 1INTRODUCTION Communication. Keywords:OpenDistributedProcessing,Middleware,CORBA,GIS,Network considerthisneedofdevelopment. ternationalorganizationforstandardization)foropendistributedprocessing(odp)[1] thedevelopmentofopenserviceenvironments.thestandardsproposedbytheiso(in- supportforcooperativeworkinanopenservicesenvironment.toreachthispurpose, themultiwareplatformwasdesignedconsideringastratiedcompositionofcommercial RequestBrokerArchitecture)specications[3]. Foundation(OSF)producedtheDCE(DistributedComputingEnvironment)[2],andthe ObjectManagementGroup(OMG)consortiumproducedtheCORBA(CommonObject adoptingtheconceptsofrm-odp/iso(referencemodelforodp).theopensoftware ThedevelopmentoftheMultiwarePlatformaimstocombineinauniqueplatformthe Severalconsortiaofcompaniesareworkingintheseenvironments,althoughnotexactly system,wheredecisionmakersneedtogenerate,evaluateandillustratealternativescenarios tocometoaconsensus[4]. productsandfunctionalblocksdevelopedwithintheproject.anexampleofapplicationto thisplatformisthegis(geographicalinformationsystem)-basedgroupdecisionsupport

3 ispresented;section3analysesboththeframeworkforaddingodpfunctionalitiesupon commercialplatformsfordistributedprocessing(ansawareandcorba),andthespecicimplementationobjectswhicharenecessarytoaddopennesstocorba;andsectiowarelayerandisorganizedasfollows:insection2,anoverviewofthemultiwareplatform 4closesthepaperwiththeconclusion. ThispaperonlyanalysestheframeworkandtheimplementationofpartoftheMiddle- andgroupware(figure1)[5].. 2MULTIWAREPLATFORM TheMultiwareplatformiscomposedofthreelayers:BasicSoftware/Hardware,Middleware APPLICATION APPLICATION2. ANSAware DCE/DME ORB. MIDDLEWARE GROUPWARE FINALUSER Multimedia Processing SUPPORT CSCW MICRO KERNELODPLevel:OBJECTSERVICES DAISUPPORT OPERATING SYSTEM Figure1-MULTIWAREPLATFORM PROTOCOLS RPC HARDWARE aboveamicrokernel),communicationprotocols,andsoon.thislayerprovidesnodistributedsystemsupport. MultimediaProcessingsublayer:allowstheexchangeofreal-timemultimediainfor- TheMiddlewarelayerisresponsibleforprovidingdistributedprocessingfacilitiesto TheBasicSoftware/Hardwareiscomposedofanoperatingsystem(eventuallybuilt SOFTWARE sublayers: thegroupwarelayerandtotheapplications.themiddlewarelayeriscomposedoftwo mationwithaspeciedqualityofservice;

4 ODPsublayer:iscomposedoftwolevels: {CommercialDistributedSystems:likeANSAware,ORB,andDCE; handlingofmultimediadocuments.currentlyonlythecscwsupportisconsidered. plication,likecscw(computersupportedcooperativework)(forexample,gis-based groupdecisionsupportsystems),distributedarticialintelligence(dai),amongothers. Typicalservicessupportedbythislayerare:dialogmanagement,interactionprotocolsand TheGroupwarelayerprovidesthefunctionalitiesdemandedbydierentclassesofap- {ODP-level:aggregatesODPfunctionalitiestothecommercialdistributedsystems. Thetestbediscomposedofmultimedia-workstationsinterconnectedbyanFDDInetwork. 3MIDDLEWARELAYER:THEODPSUBLAYER ofcommerciallyavailabledistributedsystems(ansa,dceandorb)andanupperlevel Theproposedmodelforthissublayer(Figure2)hastwolevels:alowerlevelcomposed 3.1TheFrameworkoftheODPSublayer software. TheODPSublayer,intheMiddlewarelayer,isresponsibleforprovidingtheinfrastructure thatoersodpservicesdenedintherm-odp/iso[5]. foropendistributedprocessingtotheapplications,independentlyoftheunderlyingbasic Transparency/Securitysublevel; ODPSupportsublevel. ODPManagementsublevel; TheODPLeveliscomposedofthreesublevels: Objects(thatconstitutetheODPapplications),Clusters(unitsofactivation,deactivation subleveloersthebasicmanagementservices,allowingtheuseofbeos-basicengineering independencethatdenesaresourcemanagementdomain)hasanucleusandcansupport andmigration)andcapsules(unitsofresourceallocation)[6].eachnode(unitofresource oneormorecapsules,whileacapsulecanhaveoneormoreclusters.aclusteriscomposedof BEOsthatcommunicateamongthemselvesdirectlyorthroughchannels(BEOsbelonging todierentclusters). UsingtheconceptsoftheEngineeringViewpointfromtheODPspecication,therst subpartscanmigrate,bedeactivatedandbereactivatedindividually.aclusterencloses thebeosthataretheprocesses(and/orthreads)oftheapplication. cationpartthatbelongstoacapsulecanbesplitinclustersdependingonwhetherthese Adistributedapplicationislocatedinseveralcapsulesindierentnodes.Theappli-

5 .. ODPLEVEL ANSAware ODPMANAGEMENT TRANSPARENCY/SECURITY ODPSUPPORT DCE DCE ORB/. Figure2-ODPSUBLAYER REPOS.FUNCT. ORB specication.thesecondsubleveloersthetransparenciesandthesecurityfunctionsof theodpspecication,andthelastsublevelprovidestheodpfunctionalitiestotheapplications.thefunctionalblocksoftheodpsupportsublevelare: ApplicationSupport:providesthebasicfunctionalitiesofanopenserviceplatform, TheODPManagementissupportedbytherepositoryfunctionsdenedintheODP Trading:oerstheservicenegotiationbetweenservers(exporters)andclients(importers).Examplesofservicesare:toexportaservice,tosearchforaservicetype, suchasthedenitionandinstantiationoftheobjects(beos)(processes)thatcompose theapplicationsandhowtheseobjectsarestructuredinsubsystems,thedenition necessaryinteractions(binding)amongtheseobjects; ofdesirabletransparencyandsecurityrequirements,andtheestablishmentofthe TransactionSupport:ensuresthatatransactionaloperationinvocationhastherequiredACIDproperties. GroupSupport:providescooperationsupportamongmembersofagroup,asfor order; thegroup,andtheguaranteeofsendinginvocationstogroupmembersinadetermined toselectthebestserviceaccordingtoparameters,amongothers; instance,thetransmissionofaclientinvocationtotheappropriateservermembersof

6 3.2TheImplementationoftheODPSublayer invocationinterface(iftheclientonlyknowstheobjectimplementationintheexecution architecture,aclientrequestsanoperationofanobjectimplementationthroughastub(if theclientknowstheobjectimplementationinthecompilationtime)orthroughadynamic withit.theorbprovidestheaccess,locationandrelocationtransparencies. Inthecurrentimplementation,CORBAisusedasthebasicinfrastructure.IntheORB objectsoftheenduserapplication. time).theorbhasallthemechanismstondtheobjectimplementationandtointeract thatoersusefulfunctionstoseveralapplications,andtheapplicationobjectsarespecic Theobjectservicesconstituteasetofservices(interfacesandobjects)thatprovidesthe basicfunctionstouseandtoimplementobjects.thecommonfacilitiesformasetofservices Objectservices,commonfacilitiesandapplicationobjectscanbeputuponanORB. transparencies[7].inthisproject,theodpfunctionalitiesandtransparenciesobtained Level. fromtheobjectservicesareinitiallyused,andthesefunctionalitiesandtransparenciesare completedwithnewobjectsthatarebeingdevelopedintheproject,tocomposetheodp mainconceptsproposedbytheodpspecication,anditallowsaddingofnewobjectswith ODPfunctionalities. TheobjectservicesoeronlysomeODPfunctionalitiesandsupportonlysomeODP ThereasonsforthechoiceoftheORBare:ORBisasimpleplatform,itcoversthe InitiallytheODPLevelhastheaccess,location,andrelocationtransparenciesandsome managementandrepositoryfunctions(figure3). SomeobjectsaredenedtoimplementtheManagementandTransparencySublevels. Relationship. Relocator..... Object Access InterfaceRepositoryObject. ORB Implem.Repos.. Gateway. ODPManagement. Figure3-ObjectsbelongingtotheManagement andtransparencysublevels.

7 canaccesstheinterfacerepositorybytwoways.intherstway,theorbobtainsaccess twodatabases(les)(accessleandinterfacerepository),andamemorycache.thegoal theinterfacerepositorywascreated.thisschemehastwoobjects(accessandrepository), bythestubroutines,andinthesecondwaybythedii(dynamicinvocationinterface). Theinterfacerepositorymakesaconsistentstoreofinterfacesdenitions.TheORB InterfaceRepository: searchingforadditionalinformationaboutthelocationwheretherequiredinformationis oftheaccessobjectistodirecttherequestsfromorbtothecorrectinterfacerepository, stored.therepositoryobjecthasthefunctiontogettheinformationfromtheinterface repository.theaccesslehasallinformationaboutidentiersofinterfacestypes,addresses andidentiersofinterfacesrepositories.thisleenablestheaccessobjecttoobtainthe Toreducetheproblemsofaccesstotheinterfacerepository,aframeworkofaccessto cachetoreducethetimetosearchtheinformationintheinterfacerepository. thanonerepositoryobjectintheorbenvironment;andtheframeworkusesamemory informationrequiredintherepositoryobject.thememorycachehasallinformationabout thescopeofonespecicmachineintheorbenvironment. fromtheorbtosendtothecorrectrepositoryobject;theframeworkcansupportmore frameworkhasoneaccessobjectforeachorbenvironment,concentratingallrequests ImplementationRepository: Theadvantagesusingthisframeworkofaccesstotheinterfacerepositoryare:the ORBtolocateandtoactivatetheobjectimplementations. whereorbaandorbbareindependentlydeveloped.interoperabilitythusextends OMGIDL(InterfaceDescriptionLanguage)denedoperationonanobjectonORBB, Interoperability: Interoperabilityasdenedin[8]istheabilityforaclientonORBAtoinvokean TheImplementationRepositorycontainsthenecessaryinformationthatenablesthe distributiontransparency(currentlyaccessandlocation)tomultipleorbenvironments hastoprovidethegatewaywiththeobjectreferencesthatwillbeavailabletobeusedby andtheinteroperability,byitself,istobetransparent. anotherorb. representation.atablecanmakethemappingbetweenbothobjectreferences.eachorb Reference(whichuniquelyidentiesarequestedobjectwithinanORBandhasanORBspecicimplementation)toaformthatcanbeunderstoodbythetargetORB. TheideaistouseaGateway,placedbetweentheORBs,thatwilltranslatetheobject InordertopassarequestbetweenORBdomains,itisnecessarytotranslatetheObject referenceofoneorbforaneutralrepresentationandtootherorb'sobjectreference extendingcorbatosupportthedynamicinterpretationoftherequests[4]. becausetheirtypesarenotknownatcompilationtime.wewillachievethisthrough Implementation(thatimplementsproxyobjectsthatusethetranslatedobjectreference) ItisalsonecessarytointroducesomewaytodeliverrequestsfromanORBtoanObject

8 andtheoperationidentiers.thisissuecanbesolvedbyprovidingsomekindofagreement teredinthesameforminbothorb'srepositories).todealwithoperationsanewobject betweentheirinterfacerepositories(initiallythenewtypeswillbeassumedasbeingregis- isintroducedtomaptheoperationsbetweenorbs. Although,inordertogetit,bothORBsneedtoagreeonthetypesoftheirinterfaces movingofobjectswhentheyarenotinteracting. Relocation: Firstly,itisimportanttoemphasizethatourrelocationconceptdealsonlywiththe situation,itispossibletomapdirectlytheoriginaladdressfromtheobjecttothegateway addressontherelocator.therequestwillbeswitchedfortherelocatorandthenforthe relocatedobjectsaddresses(itwillbeveryusefullaterforthegarbagecollection).atthis BeingnecessarytocrossORBs'domainsthegatewaysservicesareintroducedtostore addressesandbeingusedwhenthesearchedobjectisnotfoundontheoriginaladdress. tostorethenewaddressfrommovingobjects.itwillconsistinatablemappingoldtonew DealingwiththesameORB,thisORBdoesnothavetoworryaboutitsrelationships. InordertoprovidethistransparencyweintroduceaRelocator.Thisobjectwillbeable objectsavailableatthegateway. ORBobjectalltheotherobjectsrelated.Afterthat,itisenoughtomaketherelated TheproposedsolutionwastousetheobjectcalledRelationshipwhichwillcontainforeach howtointeractwiththeoldrelationships,thathavestayedontheoriginalorb,emerges. gatewaythatwilldotheredirectiontotheotherorb. ODPManagement: WhentherearedierentORBs,theproblemoftherelocatedobjectthatdoesnotknow checkpoint,deactivationandterminationoftheclusters. theclusters,andperformscheckpoint,deactivationandterminationofthecapsules;and ofnodes;thecapsulemanagercarriesoutthecreation,reactivationandrecuperationof theclustermanagerperformsthecreationofthebasicengineeringobjectsandprovides Unixprocess.Thebasicmodulesoftheprototypearethefollows:theNodeManagement referencemanagerthatprovidesanuniqueidentiertotheobjectsofthemodelinaset isprovidedbythenucleus,thatperformsthecreationofcapsules,andbytheinterface Theexecutableunitoftheprototypeisthebasicengineeringobjectthatismappedinan blockdiscussedinthesection3.1.thisobjectrequestsservicesfromthepresentedobjects ApplicationSupportObjectperformsthehighlevelfunctionsoftheapplicationsupport amongobjects. referencestotheobjectidentiers,allowingtheestablishmentofthedynamicchannels tocarryoutitshighlevelfunctions.thetransactionsupportobjectisnotspeciedyet. OtherobjectsaredenedtoimplementtheODPSupportSublevel(Figure4).The Inaddition,onemodule(partofthenucleus)isimplementedtohandletheinterface GroupSupport:

9 . Application. Support. Trading. Transaction Support ORB. Support Group. canparticipateintheinteractionswithinit.interactionsbetweengroupmemberstakes Intheproposedmodel,groupsareclosed,inthesensethatonlymembersofthegroup Figure4-ObjectsbelongingtotheODPSublayer. members,notnecessarilytoeveryone.eachgroupmemberhasassociatedasetofrolesthat placeinawaysuchthateachmembercansendmessagestoaspeciedsubsetofthegroup isprescribedbyasetofgrouppoliciesthatimposerulestotheexecutionofeachgroup areusedforaddressingandauthorizationpurposes.thebehaviorofagroupasawhole representthefunctionsthememberplaysinthecontextofthegroupapplication.roles coordinator,whilethelocalgroupobjectsareassociatedwithallgroupstheuserisa member.interactionsbetweengroupmembersaremediatedbytheseobjects.whenglobal neareachgroupmemberforeciency.foreachgroup,thereisoneandonlyoneactive distributedfunctionsarereplicatedinobjectscalledlocalgroupobjectsthatarelocated service. orderingoranysortofglobalcoordinationisrequired,theinteractiongoesthroughthegroup almostallfunctionalitiesaredistributedacrossthesystem.onlyfunctionsthatrequire globalcoordinationareplacedinacentralizedelement,calledthegroupcoordinator.the Theimplementationofthegroupsupportservicesisstructuredinsuchawaythat thegroup,givingittheneededcontextinformationtointeractinthegroup;leavegroup: usingamechanismdeterminedbythenishingmode;joingroup:integratesanewuserto ofpoliciesisassociatedwiththegroup;groupfinishing:terminatesthespeciedgroup, TheservicesoftheGroupSupportobjectare:GroupCreation:makesanewgroupbased coordinator.whentherearerealtimerequirementssuchasinmultimediainformation onalistofpotentialmembers(whichareconsultedforparticipation)andtheirroles.aset extractsthespecieduserfromthegroupwithanoticationtotheothergroupmembers; exchange,interactionstakesplacethroughcommunicationchannels,whichareestablished MessageDistribution:multicastsamessagetoaspeciedsubsetofthegroupmembers. andcontrolledbythegroupsupport,butprovidedbythemultimediaprocessingsublayer. Themessagesmayormaynotbesubjecttotheorderingofeventsinthegroup;Channel CreationandMaintenance:causestheestablishmentofacommunicationchannellinking

10 RoleChange:allowsausertochangetherole(s)ofagivenmemberofthegroup.Theroles PolicyChange:changesthegrouppolicyforthespeciedservice,alteringitsbehavior; asubsetofthegroupmembers,allowingimmediateinformationexchangebetweenthem; canbereplaced,addedorremoved;authorizationchange:allowsausertochangetheset group.itisaninternalservice,notpresentintheserviceinterface;responsecollation: performsthecollationofthevariousrelatedresponsescausedbyapreviousmulticast.the ofauthorizationsrelatedtothespeciedservice.thiscanimposecertainrestrictionson theaccessoftheservice;eventordering:imposesaglobalordertotheeventswithinthe supportsystems. makersthatobserve,manipulateandevaluatealternativescenariosinthegroupdecision collationismadeaccordingtoaspeciedmechanismandallowstheusertoreceiveasingle thatsupportsagroupmemberorthegroupcoordinator,andinitiatesarecoveryaction. response;andfailuredetectionandrecovery:detectsthefailuresoftheunderlyingsystem thenormaloperations.everytraderhasanadministratorthatdecidesaboutthecreationof Trading: Inthisproject,atraderwasbuilt.Thistradersupportsfederatedoperations,besides Inthegeographicalapplications,thisobjectisfundamentaltodenegroupsofdecision authorize,createcontext,deletecontext;federationcontractinterface:distributecatalogue, servicesusedbythedecisionmakerstocreatepossiblescenarios. requestcatalogue,establishfederation,exchangecontract;andadministratorinterface:sendcatalogue,requestcatalogue,evaluatecontract. Inthegeographicalapplications,thisobjectisimportantbecauseitcanregisterthe repositoryinterface:addservicetype,displayrepository;contextmanagementinterface: federations,andproposesandevaluatescontracts.theoperationsoftheprototypeofthis objectare[9]:commonoperationinterface:search,export,withdraw,listoerdetails;type ProcessingSublayer)intheMiddlewareLayerthatoersservicesbothtotheapplications andtotheodpsublayer.thegroupsupportobjectrequiresresources(forexample, 4CONCLUSION multimediachannels)fromthisobject. Thereisanotherobject,calledMultimediaSupportObject(relatedtotheMultimedia InspiteofthedierencesbetweenODPandORBconcepts,theircombinationintheMultiwarePlatformisveryfruitful.TheRM-ODPmodelisaframeworkfortheconceptual phaseoffunctionalspecications,andtheomg-corbaisalreadyanimplementation modelwithproductsinthemarket. trator(toestablishfederationswithexchangeofcontractsthatcontainserviceoers)were thecommunicationfunctionalitiesoeredbythegroupsupportobjectintheodpsupport veryimportanttoallowinterworkingintheopenserviceenvironments. ThedevelopmentofaTraderandabasicprotocolbetweentheTraderanditsAdminis- TheGroupwarelayer(forexample,aGIS-basedgroupdecisionsupportsystem)uses

11 Sublevel.Theproposedframeworkisusefultomanageconictingconceptsinvolvedin cooperativeworkwithinanopenenvironmentwheretheuserautonomyisveryimportant. M.Garcia,andLuizOtvioB.Lentowhoareworking(orworked)inthisimplementation, andmanuelj.mendesandwaldomirop.d.c.loyollaforthehelpfuldiscussionsaboutthis work. PROTEMGEOTEC ). Acknowledgments: TheauthorwishestothankFabioM.Costa,NuccioZuquello,LuizA.P.Lima,Claudio 5REFERENCES touse;part2:descriptivemodel;part3:prescriptivemodel-july1994 [1]-ISO/IECJTC1/SC21,BasicReferenceModelODP-Part1:OverviewandGuide ThisworkwasinpartsupportedbyFAPESP(Grant92/3507-0)andbyCNPq(Project [2]-OSF,DistributedComputingEnvironment,September1990 Applications"-IEEECOMPSAC'94,18thAnnualInternationalComputerSoftwareand -\MultiwarePlatform:anOpenDistributedEnvironmentforMultimediaCooperative SupportSystems"-JournaloftheAmericanSocietyforInformationScience,October1994, pp September1993 [5]-W.P.D.C.Loyolla;E.R.M.Madeira;M.J.Mendes;E.CardozoandM.F.Magalh~aes [4]-M.P.Armstrong-\RequirementsfortheDevelopmentofGIS-BasedGroupDecision- [3]-ObjectManagementArchitectureGuide,Version2.0,OMGTCDocument , Oct/1992,Nov/1993 forproposals,september15,1993,omgtcdocument ComputingSystemsdoIEEEComputerSociety,LisbonSeptember1993,pp DecisionMakingOpenSupportSystem"-4thWorkshopOnFutureTrendsofDistributed ApplicationsConference,Taipei,Taiwan,November1994 [7]-ObjectServicesRequestforProposal1/2,OMGTCDocuments92.8.6and [8]-ObjectManagementGroup:ORB2.0InteroperabilityandInitializationRequest [9]-L.A.P.LimaandE.R.M.Madeira-\AModelforaFederativeTrader",International [6]-M.J.Mendes;W.P.D.C.LoyollaandE.R.M.Madeira-\DEMOS:ADistributed ConferenceonOpenDistributedProcessingICODP'95,Brisbane,Australia,February1995, pp

12 92-01ApplicationsofFiniteAutomataRepresentingLargeVocabularies, 92-03OntheIrrelevanceofEdgeOrientationsontheAcyclicDirectedTwoDisjointPathsProblem,C.L.Lucchesi,M.C.M.T.Giglio 92-02PointSetPatternMatchingind-Dimensions,P.J.deRezende,D.T.Lee C.L.Lucchesi,T.Kowaltowski RelatoriosTecnicos{ An(l;u)-TransversalTheoremforBipartiteGraphs,C.L.Lucchesi, 92-06ImplementingIntegrityControlinActiveDatabases,C.B.Medeiros, 92-04ANoteonPrimitivesfortheManipulationofGeneralSubdivisionsand thecomputationofvoronoidiagrams,w.jacometti D.H.Younger 92-08MaintainingIntegrityConstraintsacrossVersionsinaDatabase, 92-07NewExperimentalResultsForBipartiteMatching,J.C.Setubal 92-09OnClique-CompleteGraphs,C.L.Lucchesi,C.P.Mello,J.L.Szwarcter M.J.Andrade 92-10ExamplesofInformalbutRigorousCorrectnessProofsforTreeTraversing C.B.Medeiros,G.Jomier,W.Cellary 92-12BrowsingandQueryinginObject-OrientedDatabases,J.L.deOliveira, 92-11DebuggingAidsforStatechart-BasedSystems,V.G.S.Elias,H.Liesenberg Algorithms,T.Kowaltowski R.deO.Anido 11

13 93-02TheHierarchicalRingProtocol:AnEcientSchemeforReadingReplicatedData,NabordasC.Mendonca,RicardodeO.Anido HansK.E.LiesenbergRelatoriosTecnicos{ MatchingAlgorithmsforBipartiteGraphs,HerbertA.BaierSaip,ClaudioL AlexBFSAlgorithmforProperIntervalGraphRecognition,CelinaM.H SistemaGerenciadordeProcessamentoCooperativo,Ivonne.M.Carrazana, Lucchesi defigueiredo,jo~aomeidanis,celiap.demello 93-01TransformingStatechartsintoReactiveSystems,AntonioG.FigueiredoFilho, 93-08IntrospectionandProjectioninReasoningaboutOtherAgents,Jacques 93-06Implementac~aodeumBancodeDadosRelacionalDotadodeumaInterface 93-07EstadogramasnoDesenvolvimentodeInterfaces,FabioN.deLucena,Hans Nelson.C.Machado,Celio.C.Guimar~aes 93-09Codicac~aodeSequ^enciasdeImagenscomQuantizac~aoVetorial,Carlos Wainer K.E.Liesenberg Cooperativa,NascifA.AbousalhNeto,AriadneM.B.R.Carvalho 93-11AnImplementationStructureforRM-OSI/ISOTransactionProcessing 93-10Minimizac~aodoConsumodeEnergiaemumSistemaparaAquisic~aode CastroMachado AntonioReinaldoCosta,PauloLciodeGeus 93-12Boole'sconditionsofpossibleexperienceandreasoningunderuncertainty, ApplicationContexts,FlavioMoraisdeAssisSilva,EdmundoRobertoMauro DadosControladoporMicrocomputador,PauloCesarCentoducatte,Nelson 93-13ModellingGeographicInformationSystemsusinganObjectOriented PierreHansen,BrigitteJaumard,MarcusPoggideArag~ao Madeira 93-15UsingExtendedHierarchicalQuorumConsensustoControlReplicated 93-14ManagingTimeinObject-OrientedDatabases,LincolnM.Oliveira,Claudia donca,ricardodeoliveiraanido12 Data:fromTraditionalVotingtoLogicalStructures,NabordasChagasMen- Framework,FatimaPires,ClaudiaBauzerMedeiros,ArdemirisBarrosSilva

14 93-16LL{AnObjectOrientedLibraryLanguageReferenceManual,Tomasz 93-19Modelamento,Simulac~aoeSntesecomVHDL,CarlosGeraldoKrugereMario 93-18RuleApplicationinGIS{aCaseStudy,ClaudiaBauzerMedeiros,Geovane 93-17MetodologiasparaConvers~aodeEsquemasemSistemasdeBancosde DadosHeterog^eneos,RonaldoLopesdeOliveira,GeovaneCayresMagalh~aes Kowaltowski,EvandroBacarin 93-20ReectionsonUsingStatechartstoCaptureHuman-ComputerInterface 93-21ApplicationsofFiniteAutomatainDebuggingNaturalLanguageVocabularies,TomaszKowaltowski,ClaudioLeonardoLucchesieJorgeStol LucioC^ortes 93-23RethinkingthednaFragmentAssemblyProblem,Jo~aoMeidanis 93-22MinimizationofBinaryAutomata,TomaszKowaltowski,ClaudioLeonardoLucchesieJorgeStol Behaviour,FabioNogueiradeLucenaeHansLiesenberg 93-24EGOLib UmaBibliotecaOrientadaaObjetosGracos,EduardoAguiar 93-25Compreens~aodeAlgoritmosatravesdeAmbientesDedicadosaAnimac~ao, 93-27AUniedCharacterizationofChordal,Interval,IndierenceandOther 93-26GeoLab:AnEnvironmentforDevelopmentofAlgorithmsinComputational Patrocnio,PedroJussieudeRezende 93-28ProgrammingDialogueControlofUserInterfacesUsingStatecharts,Fabio ClassesofGraphs,Jo~aoMeidanis RackelValadaresAmorim,PedroJussieudeRezende 93-29EGOLib{ManualdeRefer^encia,EduardoAguiarPatrocnioePedroJussieude NogueiradeLucenaeHansLiesenberg Geometry,PedroJussieudeRezende,WelsonR.Jacometti Rezende 13

15 94-02Incorporac~aodoTempoemumsgbdOrientadoaObjetos,^AngeloRoncalli 94-01AStatechartEnginetoSupportImplementationsofComplexBehaviour, FabioNogueiradeLucena,HansK.E.Liesenberg AlencarBrayner,ClaudiaBauzerMedeiros RelatoriosTecnicos{ OnEdge-ColouringIndierenceGraphs,CelinaM.H.deFigueiredo,Jo~aoMeidanis,CeliaPicinindeMello 94-03OAlgoritmoKMPatravesdeAut^omatos,MarcusVinciusA.Andradee 94-05UsingVersionsingis,ClaudiaBauzerMedeirosandGenevieveJomier 94-06TimesAssncronos:UmaNovaTecnicaparaoFlowShopProblem,Helvio ClaudioL.Lucchesi 94-08Reasoningaboutanotheragentthroughempathy,JacquesWainer 94-07InterfacesHomem-Computador:UmaPrimeiraIntroduc~ao,FabioNogueira 94-09APrologmorphologicalanalyserforPortuguese,JacquesWainer,Alexandre PereiraPeixotoePedroSergiodeSouza delucenaehansk.e.liesenberg 94-12UmaMetodologiadeEspecicac~aodeTimesAssncronos,HelvioPereira 94-10Introduc~aoaosEstadogramas,FabioN.deLucena,HansK.E.Liesenberg 94-11MatchingCoveredGraphsandSubdivisionsofK4andC6,MarceloH.de Peixoto,PedroSergiodeSouza CarvalhoandClaudioL.Lucchesi Farcic 14

16 95-02Adaptiveenumerationofimplicitsurfaceswithanearithmetic,LuizHenriquedeFigueiredo,JorgeStol RelatoriosTecnicos{ Paradigmasdealgoritmosnasoluc~aodeproblemasdebuscamultidimensional,PedroJ.deRezende,RenatoFileto 95-04Agreedymethodforedge-colouringoddmaximumdegreedoublychordal 95-03W3noEnsinodeGraduac~ao?,HansLiesenberg 95-05ProtocolsforMaintainingConsistencyofReplicatedData,RicardoAnido, 95-06GuaranteeingFullFaultCoverageforUIO-BasedMethods,RicardoAnido 95-07Xchart-BasedComplexDialogueDevelopment,FabioNogueiradeLucena, graphs,celinam.h.defigueiredo,jo~aomeidanis,celiapicinindemello 95-08ADirectManipulationUserInterfaceforQueryingGeographicDatabases, N.C.Mendonca HansK.E.Liesenberg andanacavalli 95-11ProcessadordeVizinhancaparaFiltragemMorfologica,IlkaMarinhoBarros, 95-10AHighlyRecongurableNeighborhoodImageProcessorbasedonFunctionalProgramming,NeucimarJ.Leite,MarceloA.deBarros 95-09BasesfortheMatchingLatticeofMatchingCoveredGraphs,ClaudioL. JulianoLopesdeOliveira,ClaudiaBauzerMedeiros 95-12ModelosComputacionaisparaProcessamentoDigitaldeImagensemArquiteturasParalelas,NeucimarJer^onimoLeite RobertodeAlencarLotufo,NeucimarJer^onimoLeite Lucchesi,MarceloH.Carvalho 95-15NP-HardnessResultsforTension-FreeLayout,C.F.X.deMendoncaN.,P VertexSplittingandTension-FreeLayout,P.Eades,C.F.X.deMendoncaN ModelosdeComputac~aoParalelaeProjetodeAlgoritmos,RonaldoParente demenezesejo~aocarlossetubal Eades,C.L.Lucchesi,J.Meidanis 95-17AnaisdaIIOcinaNacionalemProblemasCombinatorios:Teoria,AlgoritmoseAplicac~oes,Editores:MarcusViniciusS.PoggideArag~ao,CidCarvalho 95-16AgentesReplicanteseAlgoritmosdeEco,MarcosJ.C.Euzebio desouza 15

17 95-18AsynchronousTeams:AMulti-AlgorithmApproachforSolvingCombinatorialMultiobjectiveOptimizationProblems,RosianedeFreitasRodrigues, 95-21ALinearTimeAlgorithmforBinaryPhylogenyusingPQ-Trees,J.Meidanis 95-19wxWindows:UmaIntroduc~ao,CarlosNevesJunior,TallysHooverYunes,Fabio 95-20JohnvonNeumann:SuasContribuic~oesaComputac~ao,TomaszKowaltowski PedroSergiodeSouza NogueiradeLucena,HansKurtE.Liesenberg 95-22TextStructureAimingatMachineTranslation,HoracioSaggionandAriadne 95-23CalculodelaEstructuradeunTextoenunSistemadeProcesamientode ande.g.munuera LenguajeNatural,HoracioSaggionandAriadneCarvalho CaixaPostal6065 UniversidadeEstadualdeCampinas {Campinas{SP DepartamentodeCi^enciadaComputac~ao IMECC BRASIL

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