Sustainable Aviation Biofuels: Challenges Met and Opportunities Ahead ATW Eco Aviation Conference 25 June 2010 Washington D.C.
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1 Sustainable Aviation Biofuels: Challenges Met and Opportunities Ahead ATW Eco Aviation Conference 25 June 2010 Washington D.C UOP LLC. All rights reserved. UOP
2 Honeywell Corporate Overview 125,000 employees in more than 100 countries Transportation & Power Systems A Fortune 100 company sales of $34.5 billion in 2008 Global leader in advanced technology products, services and solutions Specialty Materials UOP 15% 15% 34% 36% Aerospace Automation & Control Technology Company, Financially Strong and Global
3 UOP Overview Leading supplier and licensor of processing technology, catalysts, adsorbents, process plants, and technical services to the petroleum refining, petrochemical, and gas processing industries. UOP Technology Furnishes: 60% of the world s gasoline; 85% of the world s biodegradable detergents; 60% of the world s para-xylene employees worldwide Financials: $1.9 billion in sales. Strong relationships with leading refining and petrochemical customers worldwide National Medal of Technology Recipient Refining Gas Processing Petrochemicals Renewable Energy Biofuels: Next in a Series of Sustainable Solutions
4 Honeywell s Biofuels Vision Build on UOP s refining technology and expertise. Produce drop-in fuels. Use existing refining and transportation infrastructure to lower capital costs, minimize value chain disruptions, and reduce investment risk. Focus on path toward second-generation feedstocks, which are more sustainable. Inedible Oils: Camelina, Jatropha, Halophytes First Generation Second Generation Natural oils from vegetables and greases Waste biomass, oil from algae
5 Green Diesel and Green Jet Fuel Drop-in replacements for diesel and jet fuel in feedflexible process Diesel is an excellent blending component Jet fuel has been successfully utilized as a 50% blend with petroleum jet fuel in Four commercial demonstration flights (1 engine) Air Force demonstration flight (all engines) Navy demonstration flight (supersonic) Natural Oil/ Grease Natural Oil/ Grease Diesel and Jet Technologies Deoxygenating/ Isomerization Deoxygenating/ Selective Cracking/ Isomerization Demonstration Flights Green Diesel Green Jet
6 Natural Oils v. Diesel and Jet Fuel Crude Oil Gasoline Diesel No. 2 Lubricating Oils Asphalt Gases Jet Heavy Fuel Oils Boiling Point, F Number of Carbon Atoms Coconut Oil Soybean Oil , ,000 >1000 Trillion Number of Paraffin Isomers Carbon Chain Length Coconut Oil Soybean Oil
7 Key Properties of Green Jet Description Jet A-1 Specs Jatropha Derived SPK Camelina Derived SPK Jatropha/ Algae Derived SPK Flash Point, o C Min Freezing Point, o C Max JFTOT@300 o C Filter dp, mmhg max Tube Deposit Less Than < <1 1.0 Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg min Viscosity, -20 deg C, mm 2 /sec max Sulfur, ppm max 3000 <0.0 <0.0 <0.0 Produced more than 200,000 gallons in 2010 (so far) Production of Green Jet fuel demonstrated, here today and feedstock flexible
8 Meeting Different Fuel Specifications from a Common Feedstock Property Density at 15 C, kg/m 3 Specification Limit SPK Batches Produced for Various Contracts D7566 Camelina Derived (Commercial Airline) D HRJ8 Camelina Derived (Air Force) HRJ HRJ5 Camelina Derived (Navy) HRJ5 (D1298) Flash Point, C D 7566 (D56) min HRJ8 (D93) HRJ5 (D93) min Freeze Point, C D 7566 (D2386) max HRJ8 (D2386) max HRJ5 (D2386) max Distillation, C, 10% max Distillation, C, FBP max Sulfur, ppm (D5453) max Capability to Tailor End Fuel Properties
9 Certification-Qualification Phase - ASTM D4054 Fuel Qualification Process Specification Properties FRL 4.2 Fit-For-Purpose Component/Rig Engine/APU Properties Testing Testing FRL 6.1 FRLs 6.2 & 6.3 FRL 6.4 Accept ASTM Review & Ballot Reject Re-Eval As Required ASTM Specification ASTM Research Report ASTM Specification ASTM Balloting Process OEM Review & Approval FRL 7: Fuel Class Listed in Int l Fuel Specifications Slide courtesy of Mark Rumizen, FAA/CAAFI
10 Challenges Ahead: Future Vision Natural Oils and Fats Deoxygenation Selective Cracking/ Isomerization Green Jet-range Paraffins Renewable Jet Fuel Solid Biomass Pyrolysis / Other Catalytic Stabilization/ Deoxygenation Jet Range Cyclic Hydrocarbons 100% Renewable Jet Fuel -- from % of Available Plant Resources
11 The Future: 100% Renewable Jet The hydroplane ran on 98% Bio-SPK and 2% renewable aromatics Jet A1 Spec Starting SPK Woody Pyrolysis Oil Aromatics Freeze Point ( o C) Flash Point ( o C) Density (g/ml)
12 Technology for Integrated Biorefineries Oil (Palm, Camelina) Process Technologies Transport Fuels (Diesel, Jet) RTP Pyrolysis Biomass from Oil Extraction Fuel Oil for Electricity Production Sustainability, Scale Improve with Biomass Utilization
13 Challenges for Commercialization Technical Risk Primary Technical Risks mitigated Growing practices, yields for major bridging crops established Analyses and fuel production completed on large (semicommercial) scale Operational Risk Risk of operation of biofuels value chain identified Demo facility operational lessons Most risks can be effectively hedged or insured Remaining operational risk are common with fuels from petroleum Financial Risk Financial risks not associated with technology or operation largely remain Do financial markets and other stakeholders sufficiently understand the business proposition? Can lenders identify and assess appropriate risk premium? Can projects be structured to be profitable to all members of the value chain? Is capital investment (fixed / working) sufficiently understood to properly forecast flows? Is appropriate risk mitigation (loan guarantees, grants, insurance, etc.) available? Early adopter support needs clarification
14 Summary Drop-in Aviation Biofuels are here, ready today - Will make up increasing share of energy pool - Essential to overlay sustainability criteria (GHG, water) - ASTM certification expected late 2010 Feedstock availability is an important enabler - Bridging feedstocks build infrastructure and acceptance - Second generation feedstocks (cellulosic waste and algal oils) are on the horizon - Diverse feedstock initiatives enable regional, sustainable solutions Most hurdles met, but some remain: - Broadly available, cost competitive feeds - Mitigation for financial risk The Future of Aviation Biofuels is Now
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