Catalyzing Green Growth through Efficient Water Use in Industries: Case of Thermal Power Plant in India

Transcription

1 Catalyzing Green Growth through Efficient Water Use in Industries: Case of Thermal Power Plant in India 24 th February 2015 UNESCAP and K-Water Conference on Water & Green Growth UNCC, Bangkok Anshuman Associate Director, Water Resources Division The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)

2 Structure of Presentation 1. Challenges in Water Sector 2. WUE for GG: Case Study of Thermal Power Plant

3 Water Resources Division TERI has been endorsed as Regional Water Knowledge Hub for water and climate change adaptation in South Asia by the Asia-Pacific Water Forum's (APWF) Governing Council TERI has been identified as Key Resource Centre for water and sanitation by Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation (MoRD). Water Laboratory (Environment laboratory) has been recognized (accredited) by MoEF under Environment Protection Act (EPA).

4 India Water Forum

5 State of Water Resources Global & Indian Scenario Major Challenges

6 Declining per capita water availability Many river basins are water stressed and likely to be water scarce. Increasing & competing water demand; Demand-Supply Gap Overexploitation/Depletion of groundwater Water quality issues Urban (NRW/UFW); Irrational Tariff, inequitable access Others Major Challenges

7 Developmental stress on water resources Increasing & competing demand (Worldwide) Freshwater withdrawals are expected to rise by By 50% in developing countries and by 18% in developed countries. Worldwide, the volume of water used by industries is estimated to rise significantly from 752 km 3 /year (1995) to 1170 km 3 /year by (Source: UNESCO World Water Assessment Programme, WWDR) Low & middle income countries expected to follow the growth pattern of high income industries increasing their industrial water use over agricultural use. Domestic Use 8% Domestic Use 8% Industrial Use 10% Domestic Use 11% Industrial Use 22% Agricultural Use 70% Agricultural Use 82% Industrial Use 59% Agricultural Use 30% World Low and Middle Income Countries High Income Countries

8 Developmental stress on water resources Industrial water use in India (how much..?) The ratio of water consumption and economic value creation is around US $ 7.5, which is very low Source: World bank (1998)

9 Impact of Climate Change Impacts of Climate Change The impacts of climate change may further exacerbate the situation. Some of the observations over the 20th century include (IPCC, 2007); Increase in temperatures, Decrease in snow and ice cover (Glacial melting), Rise in global average sea level rise (SLR), Rise in Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs), Increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events Changes in precipitation/rainfall, its frequency and intensity. Directly affecting the runoff rates and thus the surface and groundwater supply (availability & quality) to various sectors including irrigation, domestic, industries etc.. NAPCC (National Water Mission) (Revised draft 2009) Conservation of water, minimizing wastage and ensuring its more equitable distribution both across and within States through integrated water resources development and management

10 NAPCC/ NWM NAPCC (National Water Mission) (Five Identified Goals) Comprehensive water data base in public domain and assessment of impact of climate change on water resource; Promotion of citizen and state action for water conservation, augmentation and preservation; Focused attention to over-exploited areas Increasing water use efficiency by 20% Develop guidelines; Recycling/reuse of water/wastewater, Water positive/neutral technologies, Urban water supply efficiency Develop guidelines for mandatory water audit Pilot studies in collaboration with states by 2012 Promotion of basin level integrated water resources management

11 Given the challenges in water sector The conscience for efficient water management needs to take a center stage in business planning by the Industries (agriculture/domestic sectors). Interventions by industries can be an effective tool in catalysing green growth in the developing economies aiming for sustainable development through strategies including resource use efficiency and reduction in environmental pollution

12 Water Audit (Reducing water consumption & improving efficiency) Case Study Thermal Power Plant

13 What gets measured, gets managed Water Audits should become routine exercises and must be institutionalised

14 Scope of Water Audit Establishment/investigation of water supply & distribution network, pipes, pumps etc. Establishment of complete water balance overall and individual stages. (Including the raw water, clarified water, DM water, drinking water system; circulating water, fire water, service water, cooling towers, ash handling water, drain/sewage, residential colony drinking water etc.) Assessment of overall water consumption Characterization of water quality in main streams and identification of options for recycle and reuse. Assessment of Cycle of Concentration (COC), specific water consumption. Identification of leakages and losses in the system. Identification of scope for water conservation with recommendation on recycle and reuse.

15 Make-up Water Water Use: Thermal Power Plant Water use diagram of a typical coal based thermal power plant Surface Water Reservoir Drinking water supply Filter House Raw Water Treatment (Clarification) Ash water Tank Coal Handling Ash water recirculation DM Plant Boilers Fire Fighting Ash Handling System Ash Dyke Power Generation Unit Steam Turbines Evaporative + Drift Losses Closed-Cycle Water Recirculation Condensers Feed Water Auxiliary uses Cooling Towers

16 Identification of Process/Water Use Water Balance Diagram of Thermal Power Plant Water source canal / River Water Reservoir (Main Intake) Water Reservoir II (Main Intake) V Aerator Aerator I Aerator II Clarifier Navjeevan Vihar Colony Clarifier I Clarifier II Ash Water Tank II To Plant (Drinking) To Township (Drinking) Units Filter House DM Plant Stage -I Auxiliary Cooling OAC Cooling Towers Fire Hydrant AWRPH-2 Ash Dyke AHP DM Plant I Units I CLW Pump House I - Plant (Drinking) - Township (Drinking) - Service water PHE Cooling Towers I OAC Stage II Ash Water Tank I AHP Ash Dyke DW to Plant DM Tank CLW Pump House II PHE HVAC Units II Cooling Towers II OAC StageI II AHP Ash Dyke Lake Park Pond

17 Establishment/Verification of water supply network Water Balance Diagram of Thermal Power Plant Water source canal / River Water Reservoir (Main Intake) Water Reservoir II (Main Intake) V Aerator Aerator I Aerator II Clarifier Navjeevan Vihar Colony Clarifier I Clarifier II Ash Water Tank II Fire Hydrant To Plant (Drinking) To Township (Drinking) Units Filter House DM Plant Stage -I Auxiliary Cooling OAC Cooling Towers AWRPH-2 Ash Dyke AHP DM Plant I Units I CLW Pump House I - Plant (Drinking) - Township (Drinking) - Service water PHE Cooling Towers I OAC Stage II Ash Water Tank I AHP Ash Dyke DW to Plant DM Tank CLW Pump House II PHE HVAC Units II Cooling Towers II OAC StageI II AHP Ash Dyke Lake Park Pond

18 Flow & water quality monitoring Water Balance Diagram of Thermal Power Plant Water source canal / River Water Reservoir (Main Intake) Water Reservoir II (Main Intake) V Aerator Aerator I Aerator II Clarifier Navjeevan Vihar Colony Clarifier I Clarifier II Ash Water Tank II Fire Hydrant To Plant (Drinking) To Township (Drinking) Units Filter House DM Plant Stage -I Auxiliary Cooling OAC Cooling Towers AWRPH-2 Ash Dyke AHP DM Plant I Units I CLW Pump House I - Plant (Drinking) - Township (Drinking) - Service water PHE Cooling Towers I OAC Stage II Ash Water Tank I AHP Ash Dyke DW to Plant DM Tank CLW Pump House II PHE HVAC Units II Cooling Towers II OAC StageI II AHP Ash Dyke Lake Park Pond

19 Establishment of Water Balance Water Balance Diagram of Thermal Power Plant Water source canal / River Water Reservoir (Main Intake) Water Reservoir II (Main Intake) Aerator V Aerator I Aerator II To Plant (Drinking) To Township (Drinking) Units Filter House DM Plant Stage -I Clarifier OAC Fire Hydrant AWRPH-2 Ash Dyke AHP Auxiliary Cooling Cooling Towers Navjeevan Vihar Colony DM Plant I Units I Clarifier I CLW Pump House I Plant (Drinking) - Township (Drinking) - Service water PHE Cooling Towers I OAC Stage II 3291 Ash Water Tank I AHP Ash Dyke 271 DW to Plant DM Tank Clarifier II CLW Pump House II PHE HVAC Units II Cooling Towers II OAC StageI II Ash Water Tank II AHP Ash Dyke Lake Park Pond 5373

20 Specific Water Consumption (m 3 /MW) Specific Water Consumption (Overall for VSTPS) (m 3 /MW ) DM water 0.05 (1.1 %) Drinking water 0.24 (5.1 %) Fire Fighting 0.31 (6.5 %) Others 0.26 (5.3 %) Ash Handling 1.42 (29.6 %) Cooling Towers 2.51 (52.4 %) Actual Overall Specific Water Consumption about m 3 /MW Scope for optimizing (Achievable Target SWC) 3 m 3 /MW

21 Wastewater Discharge Wastewater discharge from Power Plant (m 3 /day) Drain 1 Drain 2 Drain 3 Drain 4 Total Wastewater Discharged (unused) = m 3 /day (About 18% of Intake water) Wastewater quality reasonably good for recycling (Zero Discharge)

22 Water use at Township Township Per Capita Water Consumption, (lpcd) : 1500 (About 11 times the norms of 135 lpcd) Even if about 350 lpcd water is provided to the Township there stands an opportunity to save about m 3 /day of treated water.

23 Leakages/Losses: Some Visuals

24 State of water use before audit

25 Potential water saving areas identified (after audit)

26 Recommendations for water conservation Water for boiler auxiliary (discharged as waste) should be reused. High water loss (80-50%) in ash handling should be brought down (overflows should be recycled, leakages plugged, Specific water consumption brought down) Cooling Towers: COC must be increased, Specific water consumption should be reduced (to about 1.5 m 3 /MW), overflows must be checked. Township: Reduction in per capita water consumption (to 150 lpcd). Recycling of about m 3 /day of wastewater being discharged from the plant to achieve Zero discharge through a treatment & recyling plant. Township STP discharge water (suitable for horticultural uses) should be reused entirely thus saving significant water and ensuring zero discharge

27 Potential reduction in water consumption

28 Potential for water saving Immediate saving potential of about (81000 m 3 /day) 23% of total intake water; (18-26% in general) A total overall water saving potential was about 60-65% of the total intake water (freshwater) of the entire plant. Significant financial savings from water saving interventions of about INR 7-9 Crores. (70-90 Million Rs.) Cost benefit of water recycling system was positive with a payback period of just 2.3 years.

29 Opportunities for Power Plants Recycle ash water: for ash handling, as well as for gardening, fire fighting and dust suppression in the coal stacking yard. Wet ash handling should be shifted to dry ash handling (use of hydro bins). Once-through water usage in cooling system should be shifted to closed-cycle system with high number of re-circulations (CoC). CoCs in cooling towers should be increased. (e.g. chemical treatment (anti-sludging, anti-sepsis, acidification, etc.), periodic maintenance, etc. Wastewater discharged must be treated and recycled to achieve Zero discharge and save freshwater (including Township STP discharge). Fire hydrant (fire fighting) water must not be used for any other purposes. Regular water audits must be internalized under the corporate policy. Automation should be introduced with a centralized control system and established management information system (MIS).

30 Contributions by Industries for GG Reducing industrial water foot print focusing on entire value chain. [Adopting advanced technology, improving efficiency & water-rating, increasing water productivity, reducing pollution, wastewater recycle/reuse (zero discharge), conserving water and setting benchmarks/standards]. Policy intervention in identifying & setting targets/benchmarks for industrial Water Use (Efficiency). (supports SDGs) (Water positive, Water neutral, Zero discharge; X m 3 /Unit product etc.) Regular water audits should be internalized/made mandatory policy. Sustainably reducing the shared risk (physical and environmental) on water through participatory management (involving local communities and other stakeholders under public private partnership (PPP) mode. (Adopt local areas: Watersheds, Cities, Villages)

31 Policy Brief: Publication Website:

32 Thank You Contact Details: Anshuman Associate Director Water Resources Division The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) India Habitat Center, Lodhi Road, New Delhi-03. Ph: (Ext: 2302) Mobile: (+91)