Advanced Horticulture Pest Management, Soil and Water Management. Tomato
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1 Advanced Horticulture Pest Management, Soil and Water Management Tomato
2
3 Tomato Plant Considerations Warm Season Vegetable Deep Rooted (Pepper and Eggplant Medium Deep) Moderate Water Needs Low Tolerance to Excess Soil Moisture Medium to Good Tolerance to Drought Medium Tolerance to Humidity Low to Medium N, P, K Needs
4 Tomato Soil Management Considerations Soil Types Adaptable to Many Sandy Warm up faster, Better Drained Best for early field planting Clay Loam Higher Yields, Higher Water Holding Capacity - More Susceptible to Root Diseases
5 Whole leaf and petiole nutrient sufficiency guidelines Sufficiency range by growth stage Plant Part Nutrient First Flower Full Bloom Whole leaf %N %P %K Petiole dry ppm NO3 8 12, ,000 ppm PO4 2,500-3, ,000 %K
6 Whole leaf and petiole nutrient sufficiency guidelines Sufficiency range by growth stage Plant Part Nutrient First Flower Full Bloom Petiole Sap ppm NO %K 3 4,000 2,500-3,500
7 Potassium Deficiency
8 Tomato Water Management Considerations Deep Rooted Deep, Infrequent Irrigations Frequency Factors: o Soil Type o Crop Growth Stage o Variety o Irrigation Method Furrow/Flood 7 to 14 days Drip 1 to 3 days
9 Tomato Water Management Considerations Soil Salinity and Irrigation Water Salinity Lower Salinity Less Frequent Irrigation, More Quantity each Irrigation Higher Salinity More Frequent Irrigation, Less Quantity each Irrigation Tomato Moderate Tolerance to Salt o EC < 2.5 mmhos/cm (Soil) o TDS < 2,000 ppm (Water)
10 Tomato Furrow Irrigation
11 Tomato Water Management Considerations Very High Relationship Between Soil/Water Status and Disease Susceptibility o Root Diseases Phytophthora Root Rot o Foliage (stem, leave) Diseases Late Blight, Early Blight o Fruit Diseases Bacterial Speck,
12 Drip irrigation requirement between irrigations without inducing crop Soil texture water stress Irrigation requirement (mm) sand sandy loam silt loam clay loam clay
13 Tomato Disease Management Strategies Avoidance and Prevention o Resistant Varieties, including Root Stock o Cover Crops, Green Manure, Compost o Sanitation o Crop Rotation
14 Tomato Disease Management Strategies Avoidance and Prevention o Proper Soil Tilth o Precise Water Management o Correct Nutrient Management
15 Tomato Disease Management Strategies Management and Control o Monitor for Diseases Frequently o Adjust Environment as Possible o Control / Manage Insects o Use Pesticides
16 Physiological / Nonpathogenic Diseases Examples Blossom end rot, Catface / Cracking Major causes Water management, soil compaction, temperature fluctuations
17 Blossom End Rot Calcium Deficiency
18 Phytophthora Root Rot - Tomato
19 Phytopthora Root Rot
20 Phytophthora Root Rot
21 Tomato Fusarium Wilt
22 Tomato Fusarium Wilt
23 Tomato Fusarium Wilt
24 Late Blight - Tomato
25 Tomato Late Blight
26 Alternaria Rot
27 Tomato Bacterial speck
28 Rhizopus Fruit Rot
29 Anthracnose Rot
30 Fusarium Rot
31 Late Blight - Tomato
32 Tomato Pests - Nematode Microscopic roundworms - feed on plants by puncturing cells and sucking their contents. o Root knot : Meloidogyne incognit and M. javanica o Lesion : Pratylenchu spp. o Stubby root : Trichodoru sp. and Paratrichodoru sp. o Needle : Longidorus africanus
33 Lesion Nematode
34 Nematode Management Cultural Practices o Crop rotation with non-susceptible crops o Deep plowing, o Fallow, and o Destroy susceptible weed hosts o Proper irrigation and crop nutrition
35 Nematode Management Resistant cultivars Monitoring Solarization Treatment with Pesticide
36 Weed Management Components Monitoring - Knowledge of what weeds are present Weed Management Before Planting Weed Management At Planting Weed Management After Planting
37 Weed Management - Monitoring Monitoring - Knowledge of what weeds are present Conduct weed surveys on each field at least twice a year Note the location of weeds producing seed Examine field edges and ditch banks
38 Weed Management Pre-Plant Crop Rotation Field preparation Soil solarization Herbicides
39 Weed Management At Planting Planting dates Cultivation Transplanting
40 Weed Management Post-Plant Cultural practices o keep canal banks free of weeds o subsurface drip irrigation o maintain deep furrows Cultivation and hand-weeding o cultivate when weeds are small o Eliminate plants that have dodder attached Flaming Herbicides
41 Dodder on Tomato
42 Black Nightshade
43 Pigweed (Amaranthus)
44 London Rocket
45 Purple Nutsedge
46
47
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