A permanent settlement on Mars: The architecture of the Mars Homestead Project

Transcription

1 2005 Mars Home 1 A permanent settlement on Mars: The architecture of the Mars Homestead Project Georgi I. Petrov Project Architect Laguarda.Low Architects Bruce Mackenzie Mars Foundation Mark Homnick Mars Foundation Joseph Palaia, IV Massachusetts Institute of Technology

2 2005 Project setting 2 1) DRM has been completed Class II - prefabricated and surface assembled base. Facilities for 12 people Pressurized habitats Functioning ECLSS Rovers and other construction equipment Sufficient ISRU capabilities 2) Phase I of Permanent Settlement Class III - ISRU derived structure with integrated Earth components base Space for 12 people Potential to expand to ~100 Base Class definitions by Cohen and Kennedy AIAA1997

3 2005 Gravity and Temperature 3 Gravity Temperature

4 2005 Elevation and Atmospheric Pressure m Olympus Mons = 1 mb 8854 m 4000 m 0 m Mt. Everest Potosi, Bolivia Sea level = 320 mb = 620 mb = 1013 mb m Hellas Planitia = 10 mb m Mariana Trench Elevation Atmospheric Pressure

5 2005 Radiation 5 Solar wind Cosmic rays Solar flares

6 Construction Methods

7 2005 Construction Methods 7 PRESSURE VESSELS - inflatables or rigid shell structures - relatively simple deployment operations - can be pre-tested MASONRY - manufacture masonry units using compressed and sintered regolith or cut stone - using leaning arches and self supporting domes, one can construct a wide range of spaces using no scaffolding.

8 2005 Construction Methods 8 membrane stress vs. weight of regolith cover - allows views and surface access - compartmentalized space - optimize the shell as a pressure membrane - cover with ~1m of regolith for radiation and micrometeoroid protection - allows larger open spaces -no view -1.5 g/cm 3 regolith density and 60kPa internal pressure 10 m of regolith are required. - Make sure that load lines for both load pressurized and unpressurized load case fit inside the masonry. Pressure vessels for spaces that require access to the exterior: manufacturing, greenhouses, MEP, and private quarters. Regolith covered vaults for larger spaces with no view: public areas, kitchen/dinning, labs, and baths.

9 2005 Masonry Techniques 9 pitched-brick vaults self-supporting domes - work to be done most telerobotically or automated - where humans are needed they work inside a pressurized reusable construction tent

10 2005 Masonry Techniques 10

11 2005 Standard Pressurized Modules 11 Round Connector Volume = 29m 3 Surface Area = 45m 2 Floor Area = m 2 Radius = 1.9 m Short Standard Module Long Standard Module Private/Garage Manufacturing/BOP Greenhouses Volume = 84m 3 Volume = 100m 3 Volume = 227m 3 Volume = 322 m 3 Volume = 631 m 3 Surface Area =100m 2 Surface Area=118 m 2 Surface Area =194m 2 Surface Area =322m 2 Surface Area= 605m 2 Floor Area = 25 m 2 Floor Area = 30 m 2 Floor Area = 50 m 2 Floor Area = 100m 2 Floor Area = 200 m 2 Length = 7.2 m Length = 8.5 m Length = 8.5 m Length = 17.5 m Length = 33.5 m Radius = 4.0 m Radius = 4.0 m Radius = 6.0 m Width = 6.0 m Width = 6.2 m

12 Site

13 2005 Site 13 Candor Chasma Valles Marineris

14 2005 Site 14

15 2005 Site 15 Ophir Chasma West Candor Chasma East Candor Chasma Melas Chasma

16 Mars Society 2005 High resolution images from MOC on MGS, superimposed on a context image. Site 16

17 2005 Site - Detail 17

18 2005 Site - Context 18 Possible locations for landing zones that don t overfly the settlement Settlement

19 2005 Site Terrestrial Scaled Comparisons 19 Scaled Earth city texture -Venice, Italy north hill -US capitol, Washington DC -North End, Boston MA -Suburb, Champaign IL settlement hill large mesa Heights above plane settlement hill - 40 m large mesa - 70 m north hill m 1km 0.5km 0

20 2005 Site 20

21 2005 Site 21 Site Data Latitude Longitude Elevation of Chamsa floor 6.3 S 70.1 W m Noon Sun Angles

22 Organization Diagrams

23 2005 Organization Diagrams 23 Linear City Derived from historical precedents by Arturo Soria and Le Corbusier. Efficiency in transportation, infrastructure, safety, and expandability. Separately pressurized segments with inflatables or regolith supported masonry Keeps the settlers alive.

24 2005 Organization Diagrams 24 Utilities Air, water and power distribution in sub floor panels

25 2005 Organization Diagrams 25 Entrance

26 2005 Organization Diagrams 26 Work spaces

27 2005 Organization Diagrams 27 Private quarters

28 2005 Organization Diagrams 28 Social spaces

29 2005 Organization Diagrams 29 Spaces arranged along the infrastructure organized through the relationship between the humans and the vegetation.

30 2005 Organization Diagrams 30 vegetation as symbol A special place immediately between the main entrance and the formal meeting space. Plant five special trees on arrival one for each continent. Symbolize hope in the future of the settlement. The trees will grow as the settlement expands. When people arrive from Earth the first thing they ll see as they enter is the grove of trees.

31 2005 Organization Diagrams 31 vegetation as mediation of views Views of Mars are mediated by vegetation. Look at the RED of Mars through the GREEN of terrestrial life. Every private suite has a small garden area in front of its window. Terminate connector segments with small gardens and a window to Mars.

32 2005 Organization Diagrams 32 vegetation as life support Greenhouses have optimized, light, temperature, and structure for specially designed plants. Integrally tied to the life support infrastructure.

33 2005 Organization Diagrams 33 vegetation as green belt Where work areas need to provide a connection, use a row of vegetation to separate the circulation from the work spaces.

34 2005 Organization Diagrams 34 vegetation as mediator of social life Clearing in the woods A Chinese garden Social space is surrounded and protected by trees. The edges of the space are hidden thus the limited size of the space is obscured.

35 2005 Organization Diagrams 35 vegetation as mediator of social life - variations The Common Pocket Gardens

36 Specific Design

37 2005 Lower Level Plan

38 2005 Core Settlement 38 Lower Level

39 2005 Core Settlement 39 Upper Level

40 2005 Power, ECLSS, and Manufacturing 40

41 2005 Section AA 41

42 2005 Section BB 42

43 2005 Welcome to Mars

44 2005 Welcome to Mars

45 2005 Site Plan m

46 2005 Site Plan - Expansion m

47 2005 View Phase I 47

48 2005 View Phase I 48

49 2005 Acknowledgements 49 Programming Team of the Mars Home Project: James Burk - communications Gary Fisher -waste recycling system Robert Dyck- mineral and gas processing systems Damon Ellender - manufacturing systems Krishnamurthy Manjunatha - computing systems Richard Sylvan - medical factors Inka Hublitz - greenhouse design Frank Crossman - plastics manufacturing William Johns - psychological factors

50 2005 Step 01 50

51 2005 Step 02 51

52 2005 Step 03 52

53 2005 Step 04 53

54 2005 Step 05 54

55 2005 Step 06 55

56 2005 Step 07 56

57 2005 Step 08 57

58 2005 Step 09 58

59 2005 Step 10 59