Concentrating Solar Power

Transcription

1 Concentrating Solar Power A Roadmap from Research to Market Prof. Dr.-Ing. Robert Pitz-Paal Institute of Technical Thermodynamics Solar Research German Aerospace Centre (DLR) Linder Höhe, D Köln

2 Development of European electricity demand,and its coverage by power plants already existing in 2000 moderate increase due to efficiency gains and sociodemographic development significant investments required to replace old plants targets for reduced CO 2 emissions and increased renewable sources window of opportunity for restructuring of electricity sector and to reduce dependency on imported fuels Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 2

3 Development of MENA electricity demand, and its coverage by power plants already existing in 2000 significant increase due to economic and population growth significant investments required for new plants window of opportunity for sustainable local electricity and water supply potential of future electricity exports unique opportunity for closer economic, political and social links with Europe Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 3

4 Renewable energy resources in Europe and MENA in brackets: (max. yield in GWh el / km² /y) Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 4

5 renewable resources greatly exceed the present and future electricity demands solar radiation is by far the most abundant source of energy Economic renewable electricity potentials vs. demand in Europe and MENA Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 5

6 renewable resources greatly exceed the present and future electricity demands solar radiation is by far the most abundant source of energy 1 km² of desert land may generate 50 MW of electricity 1 km 2 of desert land may produce GWh el / year 1 km² of desert land avoids 200,000 tons CO 2 / year Economic renewable electricity potentials vs. demand in Europe and MENA The electrical energy produced by a solar power plant with the size of Lake Nasser equals the total Middle East oil production Solar thermal power plants are the most effective technology to harvest this vast ressource Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 6

7 Why solar thermal power plants? Conventional power plants Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 7

8 Why solar thermal power plants? Solar thermal power plants Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 8

9 Why solar thermal power plants? can be integrated into conventional thermal power plants provide firm capacity (thermal storage, fossil backup) serve different markets (bulk power, remote power, heat, water) have the lowest costs for solar electricity have an energy payback time of only 6-12 months Solar thermal power plants Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 9

10 Solnova 1, PS 10 and PS 20 Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 10

11 ANDASOL 1 and ANDASOL 2 Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 11

12 CTS Puertollano Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 12

13 La Risca / Alvarado Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 13

14 Novatec-Biosol Fresnel Plant in Spain Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 14

15 ANDASOL 1, Guadix, Spain (50 MW, 7 h Storage, 2009) Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 15

16 New Concentrating Solar Power Projects Nevada Solar One Las Vegas, USA (64 MW, 2007) Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 16

17 Villarrobledo Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 17

18 MW 800 _ Connection schedule for the next STE Plants in Spain 831 MW LADEH MANCH1 PALM1 EXTR2 MAJAD SOLN4 FLORID LEBR1 PALM2 SOLN3 SOLN1 EXTR1 AND2 100 _ Mar-09Jun-09Sep-09 Dic-09 Mar-10 Jun-10Sep-10 Dic-10 RISCA PUERT PS20 AND1 PS10 Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 18

19 STE applications for grid connection points: MW This can really be defined as a true pipeline of projects Source REE May 2009 Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 19

20 Concentrating Solar Power Projects 2009 Units in MW 3,912 5, , total 6,821-8,261 MW MW operating, 500 MW under construction ~9,000 MW in advanced development 10 Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 20

21 Solar Electricity Cost [ct/kwh] Installed Capacity [GW] Solar electricity cost of concentrating solar power plants purchasing power Year SEGS Cost CSP Cost Spain CSP Cost Egypt Worldwide Installed CSP Capacity Source: EU-IP NEEDS (New Energy Externalities Developments for Sustainability Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 21

22 Electricity transfer from MENA to EU over a distance of 3000 km Hydrogen electrolysis and fuel cells: very high costs and 75% energy losses AC / HVAC lines: high cost and 45% / 25% energy losses 800 kv HVDC lines: lowest costs and 10% energy losses Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 22

23 Electricity transfer from MENA to EU over a distance of 3000 km Additional benefits of HVDC grid: - improved usage of power plants - gain of additional reserve capacity - compensation of local power shortages due to plant or grid failures Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 23

24 Scenario for EU-MENA HVDC interconnection to provide 15% of the European electricity demand in 2050 Year Capacity GW 2 x 5 8 x 5 14 x 5 20 x 5 Transfer TWh/y Capacity Factor Land Area km x km CSP HVDC 15 x x x x x x x x 1.0 Investment Billion CSP HVDC Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 24

25 Installed Capacity [GW] Installed capacity vs. peak load in EU-MENA Installed Capacity vs. Peak Load in EUMENA 100 % availability + 25 % reserve capacity 5000 h/a 2000 h/a Import/Export Photovoltaic Year Complex mix of centralized, decentralized, fossil, renewable, dispatchable and fluctuating power sources. Total CO 2 emissions are reduced to 38% of the 2000 values. EU dependency on fuel imports is reduced from 80% (2050, business as usual) to 32% Wind Power Geothermal Hydropower Biomass Tidal/Wave CSP Oil & Gas Coal Nuclear Firm Capacity Peak Load Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 25

26 Fraction of total electricity production Dependency of electricity import in Europe* 90% 80% 70% Desertec scenario 60% 50% current trend 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Year *including fuel for power production Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 26

27 Research Needs High quality low cost collectors Efficient low cost energy storage Higher system temperature to increase system efficiency Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 27

28 Quality assurance during manufacturing and operation Measured Ray-Tracing Flux distribution next to absorber tube Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 28

29 Temperature in C Flow in m³/h Solid material heat storage Temperature and Flow Oil temperature "hot" side Oil temperature "cold" side Flow Time in days Pilot-scale concrete heat store Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 29

30 Solid material heat storage Storage Package 50 m Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 30

31 Solid material heat storage Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 31

32 Solid material heat storage m³ Concrete Storage Material 6 h Storage for 50 MW-Power Plant Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 32

33 Direct Solar Steam Generation Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 33

34 The solar gas turbine approach CC = 25 % (annual) Rankine = 16 % (annual) Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 34

35 The solar gas turbine approach SOLUGAS-Project (EU-supported) Partner: Abengoa, DLR, GEA, Turbomach/Solar turbines, NEAL Electric power: 5 MW Heavy duty gas turbine Mercury 50 GT-efficiency as standard product: 38,5% Without recuperator Location: Adjacent to Plataforma Solar Project start: 10/2008 Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 35

36 Thank you for your attention Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 36

37 For more information refer to Concentrating Solar Technologies Robert Pitz-Paal 37