IR tables. Număr de undă (cm -1 Grup atomic. (cm -1 ) OH 3600 C = O NH C = C
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1 IR tables Grup atomic Număr de undă Număr de undă (cm -1 Grup atomic ) (cm -1 ) OH 3600 C = O NH C = C 1650 CH 3300 C = N \ 1600 C C H 3060 C N C O \ =CH C = S CH 3 CH (asim. întind.) 2870 (sim. întind.) 1460 (asim. deform.) 1375 (sim. deform.) 2930 (asim. întind.) 2860 (sim. întind.) 1470 (deformare) 1100 C F 1050 C Cl 725 SH 2580 C Br 650 C N 2250 C I 550 C C 2220 Functional Group Molecular Motion Wavenumber (cm -1 ) C-H stretch alkanes CH 2 bend ~1465 CH 3 bend ~1375 CH 2 bend (4 or more) ~720 =CH stretch C=C stretch (isolated) C=C stretch (conjugated) alkenes C-H in-plane bend C-H bend (monosubstituted) ~990 & ~910 C-H bend (disubstituted - E) ~970 C-H bend (disubstituted - 1,1) ~890 C-H bend (disubstituted - Z) ~700 C-H bend (trisubstituted) ~815 alkynes acetylenic C-H stretch ~3300
2 C,C triple bond stretch ~2150 acetylenic C-H bend C-H stretch C=C stretch ~1600 & ~1475 aromatics C-H bend (mono) & C-H bend (ortho) C-H bend (meta) ~880 & ~780 & ~690 C-H bend (para) alcohols ethers aldehydes ketones O-H stretch ~3650 or C-O stretch C-O-C stretch (dialkyl) C-O-C stretch (diaryl) ~1250 & ~1120 C-H aldehyde stretch ~2850 & ~2750 C=O stretch ~1725 C=O stretch ~1715 C-C stretch O-H stretch carboxylic acids C=O stretch C-O stretch O-H bend esters C=O stretch C-C(O)-C stretch (acetates) C-C(O)-C stretch (all others) acid chlorides anhydrides C=O stretch C-Cl stretch C=O stretch & C-O stretch N-H stretch (1 per N-H bond) amines N-H bend C-N Stretch (alkyl) C-N Stretch (aryl) N-H bend (oop) ~800 amides N-H stretch
3 C=O stretch N-H bend N-H bend (1 o ) C-F stretch alkyl halides C-Cl stretch C-Br stretch C-I stretch nitriles C,N triple bond stretch ~2250 isocyanates -N=C=O stretch ~2270 isothiocyanates -N=C=S stretch ~2125 imines R 2 C=N-R stretch nitro groups -NO 2 (aliphatic) -NO 2 (aromatic) & & mercaptans S-H stretch ~2550 sulfoxides S=O stretch ~1050 sulfones S=O stretch ~1300 & ~1150 sulfonates phosphines S=O stretch ~1350 & ~11750 S-O stretch P-H stretch PH bend phosphine oxides P=O frequency, cm 1 bond functional group (s, sh) O H stretch, free hydroxyl alcohols, phenols (s,b) O H stretch, H bonded alcohols, phenols (m) N H stretch primary, secondary amines, amides (m) O H stretch carboxylic acids (n, s) C(triple bond) C H: C H stretch alkynes (terminal) (s) C H stretch aromatics (m) =C H stretch alkenes (m) C H stretch alkanes (m) H C=O: C H stretch aldehydes (v) C(triple bond)n stretch nitriles
4 (w) C(triple bond)c stretch alkynes (s C=O stretch carbonyls (general) (s) C=O stretch carboxylic acids (s) C=O stretch esters, saturated aliphatic (s) C=O stretch aldehydes, saturated aliphatic (s) C=O stretch alpha,beta unsaturated esters 1715 (s) C=O stretch ketones, saturated aliphatic (s) C=O stretch alpha,beta unsaturated aldehydes, ketones (m) C=C stretch alkenes (m) N H bend primary amines (m) C C stretch (in ring) aromatics (s) N O asymmetric stretch nitro compounds (m) C C stretch (in ring) aromatics (m) C H bend alkanes (m) C H rock alkanes (m) N O symmetric stretch nitro compounds (s) C N stretch aromatic amines (s) C O stretch alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers (m) C H wag ( CH 2 X) alkyl halides (m) C H wag ( CH2X) alkyl halides (m) C N stretch aliphatic amines (s) =C H bend alkenes (m) O H bend carboxylic acids (s, b) N H wag primary, secondary amines (s) C H "oop" aromatics (m) C Cl stretch alkyl halides (m) C H rock alkanes (b, s) C(triple bond)c H: C H bend alkynes (m) C Br stretch alkyl halides m=medium, w=weak, s=strong, n=narrow, b=broad, sh=sharp Infrared Spectroscopy Table Functional Group Frequency (cm-1) intensity water OH Stretch strong
5 alcohol OH stretch strong carboxylic acid OH stretch strong N-H stretch strong stretch ~3300 strong =C-H stretch weak -C-H stretch weak -C-H aldehydic variable stretch ~2250 strong stretch variable C=O aldehyde strong C=O anhydride , weak, strong C=O ester strong C=O ketone strong C=O amide strong C=C alkene weak C=C aromatic weak CH 2 bend medium CH 3 bend , medium C-O-C stretch several strong C-OH stretch strong NO 2 stretch and strong C-F strong C-Cl strong C-Br strong C-I ~500 strong Table of IR Absorptions Functional Group Characteristic Absorption(s) (cm -1 ) Notes Alkyl C-H Stretch (m or s) Alkane C-H bonds are fairly ubiquitous and therefore usually less useful in determining structure. Alkenyl C-H Stretch Alkenyl C=C Stretch Alkynyl C-H Stretch Alkynyl C=C Stretch Aromatic C-H Stretch Aromatic C-H Bending (m) (v) ~3300 (s) (v) ~3030 (v) (s) Absorption peaks above 3000 cm -1 are frequently diagnostic of unsaturation
6 Aromatic C=C Bending (m,m) Alcohol/Phenol O-H Stretch (broad, s) See "Free vs. Hyrdogen-Bonded Hydroxyl Groups" in the Introduction to IR Spectra for more information Carboxylic Acid O-H Stretch (broad, v) Amine N-H Stretch Nitrile C=N Stretch Aldehyde C=O Stretch Ketone C=O Stretch Ester C=O Stretch Carboxylic Acid C=O Stretch Amide C=O Stretch Amide N-H Stretch (m) (m) (s) (s) (s) (s) (s) (m) Primary amines produce two N-H stretch absorptions, secondary amides only one, and tetriary none. The carbonyl stretching absorption is one of the strongest IR absorptions, and is very useful in structure determination as one can determine both the number of carbonyl groups (assuming peaks do not overlap) but also an estimation of which types. As with amines, an amide produces zero to two N-H absorptions depending on its type.
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