Lesson Plan. Course Title: Computer Maintenance Session Title: Subnetting

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1 Lesson Plan Course Title: Computer Maintenance Session Title: Subnetting Lesson Duration: Lesson length is subjective and will vary from instructor to instructor Performance Objective: Upon completion of this assignment, the student will be able to calculate networks and assign IP addresses based on their findings. Specific Objectives: Define terms associated with the lesson. Identify various classes of networks. Identify the formula associated with each class. Calculate the number of subnets. Calculate the number of hosts. Identify the increment. Identify the network number for each subnet. Identify the broadcast number for each subnet. Identify the usable range for each subnet. Identify the default and subnet masks. Preparation TEKS Correlations: Computer Maintenance (One to Two Credits). (1) The student demonstrates the necessary skills for career development, employability, and successful completion of course outcomes. The student is expected to: (C) employ effective reading and writing skills; (D) employ effective verbal and nonverbal communication skills; (3) The student applies academic skills to the requirements of computer technologies. The student is expected to: (D) Interpret appropriate documentation such as schematics, drawings, charts, diagrams, technical manuals, and bulletins. (4) The student acquires an understanding of computer technologies. The student is expected to: (G) describe the architecture of various computer systems; (6) The student applies the concepts and skills of the trade in simulated work situations. The student is expected to: (C) identify the operational features and proper terminology related to computer systems; (7) The student uses hardware design, operation, and maintenance knowledge and skills to IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 1

2 provide computer support. The student is expected to: (A) identify the purpose and function of computer components in the operation of the computer system such as central processing unit, mother board, sockets, chipsets, basic input and output system and their drivers, memory, hard drive technologies, video cards, input and output devices and ports, and modem and network interface cards (NIC); (11) The student installs, configures, and verifies active network connection. The student is expected to: (A) demonstrate an understanding of network connection and interface requirements Instructor/Trainer References: Resources from ESC Region XI Forth Worth, TX Instructional Aids: Subnetting PowerPoint Presentations Subnetting Quizzes 1-3 Subnetting Quizzes 1-3 Keys Practice Labs 1-7 Practice Labs 1-7 Keys Subnetting Chart Subnetting Chart, Class C Addressing Guide Subnetting Guide Materials Needed: Multiple copies of Subnetting Chart and Subnetting Chart CLASS C for each student. Equipment Needed: A projection system to display the PowerPoint Presentation A white board to demonstrate subnetting Learner Students should read the appropriate curriculum material for Subnetting, depending on the text/curriculum being used for the course. This lesson can be taught with only the PowerPoint presentation, and the equipment outlined above. Introduction MI Introduction (LSI Quadrant I): SAY: The Internet and our private networks have almost depleted our supply of IP addresses. ASK: Why do we need to subnet? [To utilize and maximize the number of IP addresses available to us] IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 2

3 ASK: What is a subnet mask used for? [It is used by the computer to determine the network address to which you are sending data.] Outline MI Outline (LSI Quadrant II): Instructor Notes: I. Introduction to Subnetting A. Explain the different classes of addresses B. Define the address ranges C. Describe the purpose of subnetting D. Recognize the network and broadcast addresses E. Define the subnet and host formulas F. Explain the ANDing process G. Explain private and reserved addresses H. Demonstrate the subnetting process Application Note: Instructors can use the PowerPoint slides, handouts, and note pages in conjunction with the following outline. MI Guided Practice (LSI Quadrant III): The teacher demonstrates how to subnet. The teacher provides guidance when warranted. MI Independent Practice (LSI Quadrant III): Students work individually on lab assignments, demonstrating their skills in identifying and creating various subnets. Labs 1-7: Subnetting Scenarios Summary MI Review (LSI Quadrants I and IV): Q: How many subnets are created when a class C borrows 3 bits? A: 23 (8) -2 = 6 subnets Q: What process is used to find the network address of a destination? A: ANDing process Evaluation MI Informal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III): Monitor student progress during independent practice and provide independent reteach/redirection as needed. IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 3

4 MI Formal Assessment (LSI Quadrant III, IV): Subnetting Quiz 1-3 and Subnetting Quiz 1-3 Keys Extension MI Extension/Enrichment (LSI Quadrant IV): Students that have mastered the lab assignments can peer-tutor students (one-onone) that are having difficulty with understanding the concepts of subnetting. IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 4

5 Icon MI Teaching Strategies Verbal/ Linguistic Logical/ Mathematical Visual/Spatial Musical/ Rhythmic Bodily/ Kinesthetic Intrapersonal Interpersonal Lecture, discussion, journal writing, cooperative learning, word origins Problem-solving, number games, critical thinking, classifying and organizing, Socratic questioning Mind-mapping, reflective time, graphic organizers, color-coding systems, drawings, designs, video, DVD, charts, maps Use music, compose songs or raps, use musical language or metaphors Use manipulatives, hand signals, pantomime, real life situations, puzzles and board games, activities, roleplaying, action problems Reflective teaching, interviews, reflective listening, KWL charts Cooperative learning, roleplaying, group brainstorming, cross-cultural interactions Personal Development Strategies Reading, highlighting, outlining, teaching others, reciting information Organizing material logically, explaining things sequentially, finding patterns, developing systems, outlining, charting, graphing, analyzing information Developing graphic organizers, mindmapping, charting, graphing, organizing with color, mental imagery (drawing in the mind s eye) Creating rhythms out of words, creating rhythms with instruments, playing an instrument, putting words to existing songs Moving while learning, pacing while reciting, acting out scripts of material, designing games, moving fingers under words while reading Reflecting on personal meaning of information, studying in quiet settings, imagining experiments, visualizing information, journaling Studying in a group, discussing information, using flash cards with others, teaching others Naturalist Existentialist Natural objects as manipulatives and as a background for learning Socratic questions, real life situations, global problems/questions Connecting with nature, forming study groups with like-minded people Considering the personal relationship to the larger context IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 5

6 SUBNETTING LAB #1 Given an IP Address: 1. Determine the Class of each given network. 2. Determine how many bits you must borrow to create the desired number of subnets (if applicable). 3. Determine the possible and usable subnets 4. Determine how many possible and usable hosts you have in each subnet. 5. Determine the Default Mask. 6. Determine the Subnet Mask. 7. Determine the IP address range (increment) of each subnetwork. 8. Determine the network and broadcast address for each useable subnetwork. 9. Determine the usable range for each subnetwork Create 3 subnetworks Create 8 subnetworks Borrow 5 bits. IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 6

7 SUBNETTING LAB #1 - KEY Given an IP Address: 1. Determine the Class of each given network. 2. Determine how many bits you must borrow to create the desired number of subnets (if applicable). 3. Determine the possible and usable number of subnets 4. Determine the possible and usable number of hosts. 5. Determine the Default Mask. 6. Determine the Subnet Mask. 7. Determine the IP address range (increment) of each subnetwork. 8. Determine the network and broadcast address for each useable subnetwork. 9. Determine the network and broadcast address for the entire network Create 3 subnetworks. 1. C (8) 2 = = (8) 2 = (32) 2 = First and Last of each subnet (32) 2 = & Create 8 subnetworks. 1. C (16) 2 = = (16) 2 = (16) 2 = First and Last of each subnet (16) 2 = & Borrow 5 bits. 1. C (32) 2 = = (32) 2 = (8) 2 = First and Last of each subnet (8) 2 = & IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 7

8 SUBNETTING LAB #2 Solve these problems and include; subnet works, label networks, address interfaces and allow for future growth. The network below has a class C network ( ) and needs 4 subnets with 20 nodes per subnet. In the next 10 years management expects an addition of 3 users per subnet. Subnet Mask S1 S0 E0 SN4 SN1 SN2 SN3 S0 E0 S1 IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 8

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20 SUBNETTING QUIZ #1 1. You have a network ID of and you need to divide it into multiple subnets. You need 25 hosts for each subnet, with the largest amount of subnets available. Which subnet mask should you assign? A B C D You have a Class C network address divided into three subnets. You will need to add two subnets in the next two years. Each subnet will have as many usable hosts as possible. Which subnet mask should you assign? A B C D If you have Class C address with a 26-bit subnet mask, how many subnets and how many hosts do you have? A subnets, 126 hosts. B. 2 subnets, 62 hosts. C. 524,286 subnets, 30 hosts. D. 65,234 subnets, 63 hosts. 4. If you have a Class C network with a 28-bit subnet mask, how many subnets and how many hosts do you have? A subnets, 62 hosts. B. 62 subnets, 8190 hosts. C. 14 subnets, 14 hosts. D. 254 subnets, 126 hosts. 5. You need to come up with a TCP/IP addressing scheme for you company. Which two factors must you consider when you define the subnet mask for the network? A. The number of subnets on the network. B. The number of hosts on each subnet. C. The volume of network traffic on each subnet. D. The location of DNS servers. E. The location of default gateways. IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 20

21 SUBNETTING QUIZ #1 KEY 1. You have a network ID of and you need to divide it into multiple subnets. You need 25 hosts for each subnet, with the largest amount of subnets available. Which subnet mask should you assign? A B C D You have a Class C network address divided into three subnets. You will need to add two subnets in the next two years. Each subnet will have as many usable hosts as possible. Which subnet mask should you assign? A B C D If you have a Class C with a 26-bit subnet mask, how many subnets and how many hosts do you have? A subnets, 126 hosts. B. 2 subnets, 62 hosts. C. 524,286 subnets, 30 hosts. D. 65,234 subnets, 63 hosts. 4. If you have a Class C network with a 28-bit subnet mask, how many subnets and how many hosts do you have? A subnets, 62 hosts. B. 62 subnets, 8190 hosts. C. 14 subnets, 14 hosts. D. 254 subnets, 126 hosts. 5. You need to come up with a TCP/IP addressing scheme for you company. Which two factors must you consider when you define the subnet mask for the network? A. The number of subnets on the network. B. The number of hosts on each subnet. C. The volume of network traffic on each subnet. D. The location of DNS servers. E. The location of default gateways. IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 21

22 Subnetting Quiz #2 1. Subnet the network number with 3 bits of subnetting (borrow 3 bits). A. What is the subnet mask? B. What is the first usable subnet address? C. What is the last usable subnet address? 2. Subnet the net number by borrowing 5 bits. A. What is the subnet mask? B. How many sub-networks are possible? C. What is the network address for the 3 rd subnet? D. What is the broadcast address for the 8 th subnet? 3. Subnet the network number into 8 sub-networks. A. What is the subnet mask? B. How many users are possible per subnet? C. What is the range of the 2 nd subnet? 4. Subnet the network number into 5 sub-networks of 25 users. A. What is the subnet mask? B. What class address is this? C. What is the range for the 5 th subnet? 5. Subnet the network number into 56 subnets. A. What is the subnet mask? B. What class address is this? C. How many useable hosts are on each subnet? IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 22

23 SUBNETTING QUIZ #2 - KEY 1. Subnet the network number with 3 bits of subnetting (borrow 3 bits). A. What is the subnet mask? B. What is the first usable subnet address? C. What is the last usable subnet address? Subnet the net number by borrowing 5 bits. A. What is the subnet mask? B. How many sub-networks are possible? 2 5 (32) 2 = 30 C. What is the network address for the 3 rd subnet? D. What is the broadcast address for the 8 th subnet? Subnet the network number into 8 sub-networks. A. What is the subnet mask? B. How many users are possible per subnet? 2 5 (32) 2 = 30 C. What is the range of the 2 nd subnet? Subnet the network number into 5 sub-networks of 25 users. A. What is the subnet mask? B. What class address is this? C C. What is the range for the 5 th subnet? Subnet the network number into 56 subnets. A. What is the subnet mask? B. What class address is this? C C. How many useable hosts are on each subnet? 2 2 (4) 2 = 2 IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 23

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26 IP SUBNET CHART 1. How many bits did you borrow? 2. How many usable subnets did you create? 3. How many usable hosts are on each subnet? 4. What is the Subnet Mask? Subnet Number Network Address Usable Range Broadcast Address IT: Computer Maintenance: Subnetting Plan 26

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29 Subnetting Fundamentals Class Range Formula Default Mask A N.H.H.H B N.N.H.H C N.N.N.H Determine the Class of an address. 2. Determine How many bits you must borrow (if applicable). 3. Determine the possible and usable nuber of subnets. 2 (B) 2 = Usable Subnets 4. Determine the possible and usable number of hosts. 2 (U) 2 = Usable Hosts 5. Determine the Default Mask. 6. Determine the Subnet Mask 7. Determine the increment. (Increment = Possible Number of Hosts) 8. Determine the Network and broadcast address for each subnetwork. 9. Determine the useable range for each subnetwork.

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