Where are the Earth s major climate regions? What kinds of vegetation grow in each climate region?
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1 How Climate Affects Vegetation Where are the Earth s major climate regions? What kinds of vegetation grow in each climate region?
2 Climate and Vegetation Plants have features, called adaptations, that enable them to live in a particular climate. Over a very long time, small, accidental changes in a few individual plants made them better able to survive in a particular place. Therefore, geographers can predict the kinds of plants they will find in a climate. Each climate has its unique vegetation, or plants that grow there naturally. Geographers discuss five broad types of climates: Tropical Dry Moderate Continental Polar
3 Tropical and Dry Climates Types Temperature Moisture Vegetation Tropical Climates Tropical Wet Tropical Wet and Dry Hot Wet Tropical rain forest: Because there is so much light, heat, and rain, thousands of kinds of plants grow here. The uppermost branches of tall trees create a canopy, and plants more adapted to shade grow beneath. Dry Climates Arid Semiarid Hot Dry Sparse: Because there is so little rain, plants grow far apart and have shallow roots adapted to absorb scarce water before it evaporates. Some plants flower only when it rains.
4 Moderate Climates Types Temperature Moisture Vegetation Moderate Climates Mediterranean, Marine West Coast, Humid Subtropical Seasonal, but almost never below freezing Moderate rain In General: A wide variety forests of deciduous trees, tall shrubs, low bushes, a variety of grasses Humid Subtropical: Has the most heat and precipitation and many types of vegetation Marine West Coast: Mountainous and cooled by ocean currents supports more forests than grasses Mediterranean: Rainy winters and hot, dry summers lead to plants with leathery leaves, which hold in moisture during the dry summers.
5 Continental and Polar Climates Types Temperature Moisture Vegetation Continental Climates Humid Continental Subarctic Continental Humid: Moderate to hot in the summer; very cold winters Subarctic: Cool summers and cold winters Subarctic climates are much drier than the humid climates. Humid: Supports grasslands and forests (grass is tall). Subarctic: Much shorter grasslands, some areas have huge coniferous forests. Polar Climates Tundra, Ice Cap, Highlands, Ice Pack Cold all year long: The tundra has short, cold summers, and even colder winters. Varies Sparse: No trees, low shrubs during brief summers, mosses, lichens, low grasses
6 A Vertical Climate A mountain is an example of a vertical climate, where the climate changes according to the mountain s height. A hike up a tall mountain in a moderate climate would go something like this: Grasslands surround the base, and temperatures are warm. You soon enter a region with less precipitation than below there are short grasses, as in a continental climate. Next, you move through deciduous forests where it is cooler and drier. Slowly the forests change to coniferous forests. Then, you find only scattered, short trees and finally only low shrubs and short grasses. Soon it is too cold and dry even for them and you begin to see mosses and lichens of a tundra. At the mountaintop is an icecap climate, with no vegetation.
7 Chapter 2, Section
8 How Climate Affects Vegetation Assessment Why do polar climates have sparse vegetation? Vegetation is scarce in polar regions because the temperatures are so cold. What climate region has the most varied vegetation? Why? Moderate climates have the most varied vegetation because the temperature is rarely freezing, and rainfall is moderate. How are continental climates different from moderate climates? Moderate climates have a wide variety of vegetation. Deciduous trees grow here, as do shrubs, wildflowers, and grasses. Continental climates have grasslands and forests. Certain areas support deciduous or coniferous forests.
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