Major Costs in Aquaculture
|
|
- Merry Miller
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Major Costs in Aquaculture Major Repeating Costs in Aquaculture Include: New Seed Growing or Purchasing To Make Effective Decisions You Need to Know About Reproduction of the Target Species Feeds To Make an Effective Decision You Need to Know About Life History Stages and Their Nutrition Requirements Disease To Make Effective Decisions You Need To Understand The Immune Response of the Target Species The Causative Agent of the Disease and Optimal Avoidance Strategies
2 Disease in Aquaculture Stress effects of repeated stress responses Immune System antibody and cellular responses Diseases viral, bacterial, protozoan, parasitic Types of Treatments drug, external, sanitation Biosecurity controlling disease & vectors Intensive Husbandry Methods crowding, handling, vaccinating
3 Disease in Aquaculture Disease has Grown Proportionally with Intensive Aquaculture of Diverse Species Why? Increased Stocking Densities Infected Carriers (eg Broodstock) Infected Facilities (or Ineffective Sanitation) Inappropriate or Poor Nutrition Substandard Water Quality Biggest Problem: Greater Disease Susceptibility via Compromise of Native Immune System Under Stressful Intensive Culture Conditions
4 Stress Defined Stress Any Stimulus Changing Normal Metabolism, Growth, Immune Function, Reproductive Capacity or Behavior Stress Can be Acute or Chronic Stress Response Primary Response: Change in Circulating Levels of Cortisol and Catecholamines Secondary Response: Changes in Glucose, Lactate Major Ions, Tissue Levels Glycogen & HSPs. Tertiary Response: Changes in Growth, Disease Resistance or Behavior
5 Stress and Illness Repeatedly turning on the stress-response, or failing to appropriately turn it off, over time will cause the stress-response to be as damaging as stressors. Many Stress-Related Diseases are Disorders of Excessive Stress-Response. Response to a Stressor is Dynamic and Measuring It May Represent Only a Snap-Shot in the Reaction Stressors can be Physical, Chemical or Biological
6 Stressors Chemical Stressors: Poor Water Quality, Pollution Diet Consumption, Metabolic Waste Biological Stressors: Population Density, Other Species Micro-organisms, Macro-organisms Physical Stressors: Temperature, Light, Sounds Dissolved gases Procedural Stressors: Handling, Shipping, Disease Treatments
7 Prevention of Stress Good Water Quality: Minimize Organic Debris and Nitrogenous Waste, Maintain ph, Temp, O 2 Levels Good Nutrition: Feed High Quality Diets, Species Specific Essential Nutrients Proper Sanitation: Implement Biosecurity Procedures Remove All Debris Disinfect Equipment Before Introducing New Groups of Fish.
8 Hole in the Head Disease Affects Marine & FW Fish in Captivity Only in Cultivated Fish Never in Wild Stocks Adjustment to Diet with Vitamins A, C & D Sometimes Helps. Autoimmune Disease Brought on by Stress?
9 Disease
10 Disease Types in Aquaculture Infectious Diseases Parasitic Diseases Non-Infectious Diseases Most Environmentally Based Controlled Via Good Management
11 Infectious Disease Types Viral Diseases: Cannot ID Without Lab Tests Vaccines Do Not Exist for Most Bacterial Diseases: Infections Often Internal & Unseen Require Treatment with Medicated Water - Feeds Parasitic Diseases: Relatively Easily Controlled with Proper Application of Chemicals Biosecurity Fungal Diseases: Most Often a Secondary Problem
12 Common Viral Diseases in Aquaculture Channel Catfish Viral Disease Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Infectious Hypodermal Hematopoietic Necrosis Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Infectious Salmon Anemia Koi Herpes Virus Lymphocystic Virus Midgut Gland Necrosis Baculovirus Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis Spawner Mortality Virus Spring Viraemia of Carp Taura Syndrome Virus Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia White Spot Syndrome Virus White Tail Virus Yellowhead Virus
13 Common Bacterial Diseases in Aquaculture Bacteremia Chilodonelliasis Columnaris Disease Dropsy Enteric Redmouth Enteric Septicemia of Catfish (ESC) Fin Rot Furunculosis Hepatopancreatic Rickettsia Necrotizing Hepatopancreatitis Ulcer Disease of Goldfish Vibriosis
14 Parasitic Diseases in Aquaculture Anchor Worms Fish Grubs Fish Lice Fish Velvet Flukes Henneguya Ich Ichthyobodo Disease Ichthyophoniasis Nematodiasis Rust Disease Tapeworms Trichodiniasis Water Molds Whirling Disease White Spot Winter Disease
15 Foreign Invaders: Three Lines of Defense
16 Skin: First Line of Defense Largest Organ in Body Physical and Chemical Barriers Physical Hard to Penetrate Armor Scales & Collagen Indigestible Keratin Chemical Barrier Mucus
17 Second Line of Defense Innate Immune Response Defenses No Matter What the Invader Natural Killer Cells Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Macrophages Amoeboid Phagocyte Engulfers Dendritic Cells Inflammation - Leukocyte Histamine Release Fever Caused by Histamines. The Fever Kills Invaders by Denaturing Proteins.
18 Natural Killer (NK) Cell
19 Macrophage
20 Neutrophil
21
22 Third Line of Defense: Immune Response
23 Immune Response Fish Response Similar to Mammals - Shrimp & Molluscs Much Less Elaborate The Immune Response can be Highly Specific Specific Antibodies In Response to a Specific Antigen The Immune System Identifies All Foreign Substances and Differentiates Self from Non-Self Immune System Works with Different White Blood Cells In a Highly Integrated Manner
24 Immune Response System Two Coordinated White Blood Cellular Systems 1) Humoral or Antibody Immunity (Using B Cells) 2) Cell-Mediated Immunity (Using T Cells) Both Cellular Systems Work by Identifying Antigens Non-Self Debris, Cells or Molecules Auto-Immune Disease When Immune Cells No Longer Recognize Self
25
26 Macrophages Are Engulfers B Cells Antibody Response T Cells Cellular Response
27 Antibody Response of the Immune System B Cells Create the Antibody Response B Cells Effectors Produce Antibodies B Memory Cells Subsequent Antibody Production Antibodies Immunoglobulin 2 Heavy Chains, 2 Light Chains Heavy Chains: Constant Region (types: α, δ, ε, γ, μ) and Variable Region Light Chain: Constant Region (types: κ, λ) and Variable Region
28
29 Cellular Response of the Immune System T Cells Activated by Antigen Presenting Cells Helper T Cells Turn on B Cells - Activate Killer T Cells Killer T Cells Effector Destroys Antibody Marked Cells Memory T Cells Stimulates Rapid Mobilization Against Reinfections Suppressor T Cells Effector Maintains Tolerance of Self
30 Phagocytosis
31 Immune Response in Fish Finfish and Shellfish Account for 25% World Aquatic Production With Intensification Comes Deterioration Culture Environment & Increased Disease Poor Water Quality Stresses Fish Immune Response in Fish Includes Expansion of Cells for the Response Expression of Both Responses Coordination by Signaling Molecules
32 Response Following Encounter with Pathogen Fish Contacts Pathogen Innate Immunity Failure (Disease and Death) Success (No Disease) Initiation and Instruction of the Specific Immune Response Humoral Response (Extracellular Pathogens and Toxins) Acquired Immunity, Immunologic Memory, and Protection (Survival) Cell-Mediated Immune Response (Intracellular Pathogens and Viruses)
33 Factors Influencing Disease Resistance and Immune Response of Fish
34 Salmon Lice as Chronic Stressors
35 Stressor - Salmon Louse
36 Stressors Salmon Lice
37 What Are Sea Lice? Crustacean, Copepod ~ 550 species 3 Genera External Parasites of Fish Lepeophtheirus salmonis (salmon louse) Natural Parasite to Salmonids Genera: Salmo, Salvelinus, Oncorhynchus Caligus elongatus (sea louse) Parasite to Many Marine Fishes Reported in 73 Different Fish Families
38 Current Sea Lice Treatment Methods Chemical Treatment Drug Bath or Dip Drug Incorporated in Feed Biological Treatment Cleaner Fish Not Viable in Colder Regimes
39 Treatment - Bath & Dip Drugs Organophosphates Neurotoxins Blocking Acetylcholinesterase Mostly Kill Mobile Stages Toxic to Many Crustaceans Sevin or Carbaryl: Anti-Arthropod Poison Hydrogen Peroxide Strong Oxidizer - Effectively Removes But Does Not Kill Sea Lice Toxic to Salmon Under High Concentrations Elevated Temperatures, Exposure Time Very Temperature Sensitive
40 Treatment Drugs in Feed Ivermectin Targets Cl - Channels in Arthropods Effectively Removes Sea Lice Slow Depuration from Fish Muscle Can Persists in Feces; Kills Others Diflubenzuron Inhibits Chitin Synthesis Effective on all Stages of Sea Lice Can Remain in Sediments May Harm Non Target Species
41 Cost of Sea Lice & Their Treatments Loss Factors Total Loss in Value/Yr Reduced growth $180,000 Reduced FCR $37,500 Downgrading $6,000 Secondary disease $27,000 Mortality $81,000 Treatment 1 $12,000 Treatment 2 $10,000 Treatment 3 $10,000 TOTAL $363,500
42 Stress and Illness Summary Macrophage defense functions in sea lice infested fish are impaired, predisposing fish to intracellular infections with a disease producing microsporidian. Mustafa, A., Speare, D., Daley, J., Conboy, G., & Burka, J Enhanced susceptibility of seawater cultured Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), to the microsporidian Loma salmonae, during primary infection with the sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Journal Fish Diseases. 23:
43 Sea Lice Infested Salmon Plasma Cortisol Concentration nmol/l Continuous Turning-On of Stress Response?
44 Immune Response in Shrimp Fish and Shrimp Differ in Their Ability to Carry Out Immune Response Capacity to Recognize, Expand Recognition Express Specific Recognition, and Coordinate Immune Defense Lower in Shrimp Often Assumed That Fish and Shrimp Have Similar Immune Competencies Inappropriate Decisions Made on How Defense Mechanisms Might be Enhanced in Shrimp
45 Specific Response of the Immune System
46 Glycoprotein Receptors
47 Macrophage
48 Macrophage
49 Step 1 Pathogens eaten by Macrophage Step 2 Displays portion of Pathogen on surface Pathogens Step 3 Helper-T cell recognizes Pathogen
50 Activates Killer T- Cell Activates B- Cell Kills Infected Cells Memory T-Cell Memory B-Cell Antibodies
51 Cellular vs Antibody Immunity Cellular Immunity Antibody or Humoral Immunity Carried out by T Cells T Helper Cells Activate T Killer Cells T- Killer Cells Destroy Infected Cells Carried out by B cells T Helper Cells Activate B Cells to Produce Antibodies Abs Released in Blood Stream Antibodies Bind Antigens Deactivating Them.
52 Primary vs Secondary Immune Response Primary Immune Response Immune Response to a First Time Invader No Measurable Response for Several Days Over 2 Weeks, Antibody Production Grows Secondary Immune Response Rapid Response on Second Invasion Antibody Production Quickly Increases Increase is Dramatic
53 Immune Response Summary 1 Antigens Exposed to Immune System Cells Macrophage Ingests Antigen and Displays it Helper T Cell Recognizes Antigen and Activates Helper T Cell Activates Killer T & B Cells Killer T Cells Divide and Proliferate Killer T Cells Divide Making Suppressor & Memory T Cells Killer T Cells Kill Infected Cells
54 Immune Response Summary 2 B Cells Divide and Proliferate B Cells Divide Making Plasma Cells & Memory B Cells Plasma Cells Produce Antibodies Memory T & Memory B Cells Speed Response if Antigen Reappears Suppressor T Cells Halt Immune Response when Antigens not Present
10. T and B cells are types of a. endocrine cells. c. lymphocytes. b. platelets. d. complement cells.
Virus and Immune System Review Directions: Write your answers on a separate piece of paper. 1. Why does a cut in the skin threaten the body s nonspecific defenses against disease? a. If a cut bleeds, disease-fighting
More informationThe Immune System. 2 Types of Defense Mechanisms. Lines of Defense. Line of Defense. Lines of Defense
The Immune System 2 Types of Defense Mechanisms Immune System the system that fights infection by producing cells to inactivate foreign substances to avoid infection and disease. Immunity the body s ability
More informationANIMALS FORM & FUNCTION BODY DEFENSES NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES PHYSICAL BARRIERS PHAGOCYTES. Animals Form & Function Activity #4 page 1
AP BIOLOGY ANIMALS FORM & FUNCTION ACTIVITY #4 NAME DATE HOUR BODY DEFENSES NONSPECIFIC DEFENSES PHYSICAL BARRIERS PHAGOCYTES Animals Form & Function Activity #4 page 1 INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE ANTIMICROBIAL
More informationspecific B cells Humoral immunity lymphocytes antibodies B cells bone marrow Cell-mediated immunity: T cells antibodies proteins
Adaptive Immunity Chapter 17: Adaptive (specific) Immunity Bio 139 Dr. Amy Rogers Host defenses that are specific to a particular infectious agent Can be innate or genetic for humans as a group: most microbes
More informationOverview of the Cattle Immune System 1
Oregon State University BEEF043 Beef Cattle Library Beef Cattle Sciences Overview of the Cattle Immune System 1 Reinaldo F. Cooke 2 Introduction On average, the U.S. cattle industry loses more than $1
More information2) Macrophages function to engulf and present antigen to other immune cells.
Immunology The immune system has specificity and memory. It specifically recognizes different antigens and has memory for these same antigens the next time they are encountered. The Cellular Components
More informationName (print) Name (signature) Period. (Total 30 points)
AP Biology Worksheet Chapter 43 The Immune System Lambdin April 4, 2011 Due Date: Thurs. April 7, 2011 You may use the following: Text Notes Power point Internet One other person in class "On my honor,
More informationThe Immune System and Disease
Chapter 40 The Immune System and Disease Section 40 1 Infectious Disease (pages 1029 1033) This section describes the causes of disease and explains how infectious diseases are transmitted Introduction
More informationImmunity. Humans have three types of immunity innate, adaptive, and passive: Innate Immunity
Immunity Humans have three types of immunity innate, adaptive, and passive: Innate Immunity Everyone is born with innate (or natural) immunity, a type of general protection. Many of the germs that affect
More informationChapter 43: The Immune System
Name Period Our students consider this chapter to be a particularly challenging and important one. Expect to work your way slowly through the first three concepts. Take particular care with Concepts 43.2
More informationMicrobiology AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION
TORTORA FUNKE CASE Microbiology AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION Differentiate between innate and acquired immunity. Chapter 17 Specific Defenses of the Host: The Immune Response B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein
More informationFigure 14.2 Overview of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
I M M U N I T Y Innate (inborn) Immunity does not distinguish one pathogen from another Figure 14.2 Overview of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Our first line of defense includes physical and chemical barriers
More informationSupplemental Material CBE Life Sciences Education. Su et al.
Supplemental Material CBE Life Sciences Education Su et al. APPENDIX Human Body's Immune System Test This test consists of 31 questions, with only 1 answer to be selected for each question. Please select
More informationOne of the more complex systems we re looking at. An immune response (a response to a pathogen) can be of two types:
Immune system. One of the more complex systems we re looking at. An immune response (a response to a pathogen) can be of two types: (pathogen - disease causing organism) 1) Non specific. Anything foreign
More informationThe Body s Defenses CHAPTER 24
CHAPTER 24 The Body s Defenses PowerPoint Lectures for Essential Biology, Third Edition Neil Campbell, Jane Reece, and Eric Simon Essential Biology with Physiology, Second Edition Neil Campbell, Jane Reece,
More informationCHAPTER 35 HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM STANDARDS:SC.912.L.14.52 & SC.912.L.14.6
CHAPTER 35 HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM STANDARDS:SC.912.L.14.52 & SC.912.L.14.6 SECTION 1 - Infectious Disease 1.Identify the causes of infectious disease. 2.Explain how infectious diseases are spread. Causes
More informationThe Immune System: A Tutorial
The Immune System: A Tutorial Modeling and Simulation of Biological Systems 21-366B Shlomo Ta asan Images taken from http://rex.nci.nih.gov/behindthenews/uis/uisframe.htm http://copewithcytokines.de/ The
More informationThe Human Immune System
The Human Immune System What is the immune system? The body s defense against disease causing organisms, malfunctioning cells, and foreign particles The First Line of Defense Skin The dead, outer layer
More informationSYSTEM Teacher Pages THE IMMUNE. Your students will learn:
Grade Level 3-5 Sergeant Cell s Immune System Defense Team Webquest Activity Summary Comparing immune cells with a police team, the webquest activity guides students to research the immune system online.
More informationCore Topic 2. The immune system and how vaccines work
Core Topic 2 The immune system and how vaccines work Learning outcome To be able to describe in outline the immune system and how vaccines work in individuals and populations Learning objectives Explain
More informationImmunity Unit Test Z
Immunity Unit Test Z Name MB Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the pathogens in Figure 31.1 cause disease by taking over healthy
More informationImmune System Memory Game
Immune System Memory Game Recommended Age: 12 years old Time: 45 minutes Everyday our bodies come in contact with millions of tiny organisms and particles that could potentially make us sick. Despite this,
More informationEnteric Septicemia of Catfish
Enteric Septicemia of Catfish Jesse Chappell Extension Fisheries Specialist Revised 2008 Enteric Septicemia of Catfish (ESC) has become one of the two most significant diseases of economic significance
More informationB Cells and Antibodies
B Cells and Antibodies Andrew Lichtman, MD PhD Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Lecture outline Functions of antibodies B cell activation; the role of helper T cells in antibody production
More informationBasics of Immunology
Basics of Immunology 2 Basics of Immunology What is the immune system? Biological mechanism for identifying and destroying pathogens within a larger organism. Pathogens: agents that cause disease Bacteria,
More informationFocus on Preventing Disease. keeping an eye on a healthy bottom line. Cattle Industry
Focus on Preventing Disease keeping an eye on a healthy bottom line Cattle Industry Multimin + VACCINES : University OF FLORIDA study data Study 1 Effect of injectable trace minerals on the humoral immune
More informationCandy Antigens and Antibodies
LAB ACTIVITY: Candy Antigens and Antibodies TEACHER S EDITION Curricular Links: Biology 20, Science 30 Class Time: 1 period Suggested Answers: Question 1: What is the main function of red blood cells?
More informationFunctions of Blood. Collects O 2 from lungs, nutrients from digestive tract, and waste products from tissues Helps maintain homeostasis
Blood Objectives Describe the functions of blood Describe blood plasma Explain the functions of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets Summarize the process of blood clotting What is Blood?
More informationBio 20 Chapter 11 Workbook Blood and the Immune System Ms. Nyboer
Bio 20 Chapter 11 Workbook Blood and the Immune System Ms. Nyboer Name: Part A: Components of Blood 1. List the 3 plasma proteins and describe the function of each Albumins osmotic balance Globulins antibodies,
More informationFish Health Management Policy. September 12, 2003 Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
Fish Health Management Policy September 12, 2003 Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Fish Health Management Policy 635-007-0960 Purpose The purpose of the Fish Health Management Policy is to describe
More informationName Date Class. This section explains what kinds of organisms cause infectious disease and how infectious diseases are spread.
Fighting Disease Name Date Class Infectious Disease This section explains what kinds of organisms cause infectious disease and how infectious diseases are spread. Use Target Reading Skills Before you read,
More informationBLOOD-Chp. Chp.. 6 What are the functions of blood? What is the composition of blood? 3 major types of plasma proteins
6.1 Blood: An overview BLOOD-Chp Chp.. 6 What are the functions of blood? Transportation: oxygen, nutrients, wastes, carbon dioxide and hormones Defense: against invasion by pathogens Regulatory functions:
More information1) Siderophores are bacterial proteins that compete with animal A) Antibodies. B) Red blood cells. C) Transferrin. D) White blood cells. E) Receptors.
Prof. Lester s BIOL 210 Practice Exam 4 (There is no answer key. Please do not email or ask me for answers.) Chapters 15, 16, 17, 19, HIV/AIDS, TB, Quorum Sensing 1) Siderophores are bacterial proteins
More informationChapter 16: Innate Immunity
Chapter 16: Innate Immunity 1. Overview of Innate Immunity 2. Inflammation & Phagocytosis 3. Antimicrobial Substances 1. Overview of Innate Immunity The Body s Defenses The body has 2 types of defense
More informationInflammation and Healing. Review of Normal Defenses. Review of Normal Capillary Exchange. BIO 375 Pathophysiology
Inflammation and Healing BIO 375 Pathophysiology Review of Normal Defenses Review of Normal Capillary Exchange 1 Inflammation Inflammation is a biochemical and cellular process that occurs in vascularized
More informationChapter 3. Immunity and how vaccines work
Chapter 3 Immunity and how vaccines work 3.1 Objectives: To understand and describe the immune system and how vaccines produce immunity To understand the differences between Passive and Active immunity
More informationsalar FED A DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH MICROBIAL BASED NUCLEOTIDES AND IMMUNOSTIMULANTS WORLD AQUACULTURE 2009, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO
REDUCING Caligus rogercresseyi INFESTATION IN Salmo salar FED A DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH MICROBIAL BASED NUCLEOTIDES AND IMMUNOSTIMULANTS Javier González, PhD and José Troncoso, MSc WORLD AQUACULTURE 2009,
More informationCardiovascular System. Blood Components
Cardiovascular System Blood Components 1 Components of Blood Formed elements: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets Plasma: water, proteins, other solutes The components of blood can be divided into two
More informationLymph capillaries, Lymphatic collecting vessels, Valves, Lymph Duct, Lymph node, Vein
WLHS/A&P/Oppelt Name Lymphatic System Practice 1. Figure 12-1 provides an overview of the lymphatic vessels. First color code the following structures. Color code in Figure 12-1 Heart Veins Lymphatic vessels/lymph
More informationBroodstock screening / importation fish health
Aquaculture Disease / Fish Health Dr. Barry Milligan, BSc (zoology U. Regina), MSc (marine ecology U. Victoria), DVM (U. Guelph). Currently employed as Fish Health Manager, Grieg Seafoods BC since 2003
More informationImmunology Ambassador Guide (updated 2014)
Immunology Ambassador Guide (updated 2014) Immunity and Disease We will talk today about the immune system and how it protects us from disease. Also, we ll learn some unique ways that our immune system
More informationBlood. Functions of Blood. Components of Blood. Transporting. Distributing body heat. A type of connective tissue. Formed elements.
Blood Functions of Blood Transporting nutrients respiratory gases waste products Distributing body heat Components of Blood A type of connective tissue Formed elements Living blood cells Plasma Nonliving
More informationWelcome to Mini Med School at the Child & Family Research Institute
Glossary Welcome to Mini Med School at the Child & Family Research Institute On behalf of the Faculty and Staff at the Child & Family Research Institute (CFRI), we would like to welcome you to CFRI s
More informationHUMORAL IMMUNE RE- SPONSES: ACTIVATION OF B CELLS AND ANTIBODIES JASON CYSTER SECTION 13
SECTION 13 HUMORAL IMMUNE RE- SPONSES: ACTIVATION OF B CELLS AND ANTIBODIES CONTACT INFORMATION Jason Cyster, PhD (Email) READING Basic Immunology: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System. Abbas,
More informationImmunity and how vaccines work
1 Introduction Immunity is the ability of the human body to protect itself from infectious disease. The defence mechanisms of the body are complex and include innate (non-specific, non-adaptive) mechanisms
More informationChapter 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Chapter 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity Major function of the Lymphatic System o Network of vessels that collect and carry excess fluid from interstitial spaces back to blood circulation o Organs
More informationProtein electrophoresis is used to categorize globulins into the following four categories:
Globulin Globulin is one of the two types of serum proteins, the other being albumin. This generic term encompasses a heterogeneous series of families of proteins, with larger molecules and less soluble
More informationThought for the Day. Courage is not simply one of the virtues, but the form of every virtue at the testing point. ~ C. S. Lewis
Thought for the Day Courage is not simply one of the virtues, but the form of every virtue at the testing point. ~ C. S. Lewis Anatomy & Physiology Bio 2401 Lecture Instructor: Daryl Beatty Section 2 Lecture
More informationIf you have a cold or the flu, you can spread the sickness to someone else. How does the sickness spread? Write your ideas on the lines below.
The Immune System Textbook pages 100 109 Before You Read Section 3.1 Summary If you have a cold or the flu, you can spread the sickness to someone else. How does the sickness spread? Write your ideas on
More informationMISSION DEBRIEFING: Teacher Guide
Activity on the IMMUNE SYSTEM: The Body Fights Back In this activity, the students will use a hands-on approach to learn about the immune system and how it fights off pathogens that invade the body. They
More informationObjectives: Immunity Gone Wrong: Autoimmune Diseases in Dental Hygiene Practice
Objectives: 1) Understand the concept of self- tolerance versus non- self- tolerance. 2) Recognize systemic and oral indicators of autoimmune diseases. 3) Identify various autoimmune diseases and their
More information37 2 Blood and the Lymphatic System Slide 1 of 34
1 of 34 Blood is a connective tissue that contains both dissolved substances and specialized cells. 2 of 34 The functions of blood include: collecting oxygen from the lungs, nutrients from the digestive
More informationBlood & Marrow Transplant Glossary. Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program Patient Guide
Blood & Marrow Transplant Glossary Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program Patient Guide Glossary Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) -- Also called "absolute granulocyte count" amount of white blood
More informationKEY CHAPTER 14: BLOOD OBJECTIVES. 1. Describe blood according to its tissue type and major functions.
KEY CHAPTER 14: BLOOD OBJECTIVES 1. Describe blood according to its tissue type and major functions. TISSUE TYPE? MAJOR FUNCTIONS connective Transport Maintenance of body temperature 2. Define the term
More informationBlood, Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Component 3-Terminology in Healthcare and Public Health Settings Unit 4-Blood, Lymphatic and Immune Systems This material was developed by The University of Alabama at Birmingham, funded by the Department
More informationImmuno-Oncology Therapies to Treat Lung Cancer
Immuno-Oncology Therapies to Treat Lung Cancer What you need to know ONCHQ14NP07519 Introduction: Immuno-oncology represents an innovative approach to cancer research that seeks to harness the body s own
More informationELISA BIO 110 Lab 1. Immunity and Disease
ELISA BIO 110 Lab 1 Immunity and Disease Introduction The principal role of the mammalian immune response is to contain infectious disease agents. This response is mediated by several cellular and molecular
More informationEndocrine System: Practice Questions #1
Endocrine System: Practice Questions #1 1. Removing part of gland D would most likely result in A. a decrease in the secretions of other glands B. a decrease in the blood calcium level C. an increase in
More informationWHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS MICROBIOLOGY AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? WHO / TDR / Crump WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? Microbiology is more relevant than ever in today s world. Infectious diseases are a leading health-related
More information12.1: The Function of Circulation page 478
12.1: The Function of Circulation page 478 Key Terms: Circulatory system, heart, blood vessel, blood, open circulatory system, closed circulatory system, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, aorta, atrioventricular
More informationBlood Sticky, opaque fluid with a metallic taste (Fe 2+ ) Varies from scarlet (P O2 = 100) to dark red (P O2 = 40) ph is between 7.35 and 7.45 Average volume in an adult is 5 L (7% of body weight) 2 L
More informationThe Immune System. How your immune system works. Organs of the Immune System
UW MEDICINE PATIENT EDUCATION The Immune System How your immune system works The immune system is a network of special cells, tissues, and organs that defend the body against attacks from foreign invaders,
More informationMultiple Choice Questions
C hapter 13 WHY DO WE FALL ILL Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which one of the following is not a viral disease? (a) Dengue (b) AIDS (c) Typhoid (d) Influenza 2. Which one of the following is not a bacterial
More informationBlood: The Body s Vital Defense Force
Blood: The body s vital defense force Ouch you ve cut your finger! A familiar red substance oozes out. As you reach for a bandage, take a moment to ponder the vital role this remarkable fluid performs.
More informationThe Most Common Autoimmune Disease: Rheumatoid Arthritis. Bonita S. Libman, M.D.
The Most Common Autoimmune Disease: Rheumatoid Arthritis Bonita S. Libman, M.D. Disclosures Two googled comics The Normal Immune System Network of cells and proteins that work together Goal: protect against
More informationResponse to Stress Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.
Response to Stress Graphics are used with permission of: Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com) Page 1. Introduction When there is an overwhelming threat to the
More informationFungal Entomopathogens: An Enigmatic Pest Control Alternative
Fungal Entomopathogens: An Enigmatic Pest Control Alternative Nicole Rusconi $ and Cerruti R 2 Hooks! $ Student Research Assistant and 1 Associate Professor and Extension Specialist, University of Maryland
More informationAutoimmunity and immunemediated. FOCiS. Lecture outline
1 Autoimmunity and immunemediated inflammatory diseases Abul K. Abbas, MD UCSF FOCiS 2 Lecture outline Pathogenesis of autoimmunity: why selftolerance fails Genetics of autoimmune diseases Therapeutic
More information10.1 The function of Digestion pg. 402
10.1 The function of Digestion pg. 402 Macromolecules and Living Systems The body is made up of more than 60 % water. The water is found in the cells cytoplasm, the interstitial fluid and the blood (5
More informationWhite Blood Cells (WBCs) or Leukocytes
Lec.5 Z.H.Al-Zubaydi Medical Physiology White Blood Cells (WBCs) or Leukocytes Although leukocytes are far less numerous than red blood cells, they are important to body defense against disease. On average,
More informationNutritional Support of the Burn Patient
Nutritional Support of the Burn Patient Objectives To understand the principles of normal nutrient utilization and the abnormalities caused by burn injury To be able to assess nutrient needs To be able
More information1.1.2. thebiotutor. AS Biology OCR. Unit F211: Cells, Exchange & Transport. Module 1.2 Cell Membranes. Notes & Questions.
thebiotutor AS Biology OCR Unit F211: Cells, Exchange & Transport Module 1.2 Cell Membranes Notes & Questions Andy Todd 1 Outline the roles of membranes within cells and at the surface of cells. The main
More informationHuman Anatomy & Physiology I with Dr. Hubley. Practice Exam 1
Human Anatomy & Physiology I with Dr. Hubley Practice Exam 1 1. Which definition is the best definition of the term gross anatomy? a. The study of cells. b. The study of tissues. c. The study of structures
More informationSingle-celled microorganisms, which can live inside or outside the body. Some cause sickness, but others are harmless.
The Science behind the Noses are Red show: Introduction: The Noses are Red show is about allergies and the biological causes behind them. In order to explain allergies you need to understand a certain
More informationApproaches to Infection Control
Approaches to Infection Control Considerations for PTAs in the Clinic Objectives Describe the basic characteristics of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Discuss the locations, advantages, and disadvantages
More information7- Master s Degree in Public Health and Public Health Sciences (Majoring Microbiology)
7- Master s Degree in Public Health and Public Health Sciences (Majoring Microbiology) Students should fulfill a total of 38 credit hours: 1- Basic requirements: 10 credit hours. 150701, 150702, 150703,
More informationUNIT 3 : MAINTAINING DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
BIOLOGY - 2201 UNIT 3 : MAINTAINING DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM What happens to your body as you run? Breathing, heart rate, temperature, muscle pain, thirsty... Homeotasis Homeostasis is the process of maintaining
More informationDISEASE CAUSES AND TRANSMISSION DISEASE - any condition that prevents an organism from functioning effectively in its surroundings INFECTIOUS DISEASES
DISEASE CAUSES AND TRANSMISSION DISEASE - any condition that prevents an organism from functioning effectively in its surroundings INFECTIOUS DISEASES caused by pathogen (e.g. bacterium, fungus, protozoan,
More informationHuman CD4+T Cell Care Manual
Human CD4+T Cell Care Manual INSTRUCTION MANUAL ZBM0067.02 SHIPPING CONDITIONS Human CD4+T Cells, cryopreserved Cryopreserved human CD4+T cells are shipped on dry ice and should be stored in liquid nitrogen
More informationPrinciples of Disease and Epidemiology. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Pathology, Infection, and Disease Disease: An abnormal state in which the body is not functioning normally Pathology: The study of disease Etiology: The study of
More informationNatalia Taborda Vanegas. Doc. Sci. Student Immunovirology Group Universidad de Antioquia
Pathogenesis of Dengue Natalia Taborda Vanegas Doc. Sci. Student Immunovirology Group Universidad de Antioquia Infection process Epidermis keratinocytes Dermis Archives of Medical Research 36 (2005) 425
More informationViral Attack! Your Clean-Up Crew to the Rescue! A Gallery Demonstration at Arizona Science Center
Viral Attack! Your Clean-Up Crew to the Rescue! A Gallery Demonstration at Arizona Science Center Table of Contents Background Information Links Background Information What is the immune system? Our body
More informationEngage: Brainstorming Body Systems. Record the structures and function of each body system in the table below.
Engage: Brainstorming Body s Record the structures and function of each body system in the table below. Body Nervous Circulatory Excretory Immune Digestive Respiratory Skeletal Muscular Endocrine Integumentary
More informationChapter 18: Applications of Immunology
Chapter 18: Applications of Immunology 1. Vaccinations 2. Monoclonal vs Polyclonal Ab 3. Diagnostic Immunology 1. Vaccinations What is Vaccination? A method of inducing artificial immunity by exposing
More informationBarry Bradford Barry Bradford completed dual bachelor s degrees at Iowa State University and a doctorate in animal nutrition at Michigan State
Barry Bradford Barry Bradford completed dual bachelor s degrees at Iowa State University and a doctorate in animal nutrition at Michigan State University. In 2006 he joined Kansas State University as an
More informationINFLAMMATION AND REACTIVE CHANGES IN CERVICAL EPITHELIUM
INFLAMMATION AND REACTIVE CHANGES IN CERVICAL EPITHELIUM Inflammation is a response of a tissue to injury, often caused by invading microorganisms. The suffix which indicates inflammation is "-itis" (the
More informationEssentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 5e (Martini/Nath) Chapter 14 The Lymphoid System and Immunity. Multiple-Choice Questions
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 5e (Martini/Nath) Chapter 14 The Lymphoid System and Immunity Multiple-Choice Questions 1) The lymphoid system is composed of A) lymphatic vessels. B) lymph nodes.
More information2006 7.012 Problem Set 6 KEY
2006 7.012 Problem Set 6 KEY ** Due before 5 PM on WEDNESDAY, November 22, 2006. ** Turn answers in to the box outside of 68-120. PLEASE WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON THIS PRINTOUT. 1. You create an artificial
More informationWhat is HIV? What is AIDS? The HIV pandemic HIV transmission Window period Stages of HIV infection
Module 1 Overview of HIV Infection Purpose Pre-requisite Modules Learning Objectives To provide you with the basic terms and concepts related to HIV infection. None At the end of this module, you will
More informationCandida and Autism. Healthy Intestinal Flora
of Candida Elimination An effective Candida treatment program ensures that the Candida is not just eliminated, but also corrects underlying imbalances, deficiencies and toxicities that could allow the
More informationMechanical barriers are a crucial first line of defence. It would be impossible to provide an exhaustive list. Two examples are:
Back to Index 1. The immune response to infection 1. Non-specific immunity The immune system has evolved to deal with infectious pathogens. There are several lines of host defence. When evaluating the
More informationTHE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND BREAST CANCER
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM AND BREAST CANCER Moderator: Hope Nemiroff Panelists: David M. Brady, ND, DC, CCN, DACBN Elizabeth Boham, MD, MS, RD Examining the role of the immune system in breast cancer survival
More informationBlood Transfusion. There are three types of blood cells: Red blood cells. White blood cells. Platelets.
Blood Transfusion Introduction Blood transfusions can save lives. Every second, someone in the world needs a blood transfusion. Blood transfusions can replace the blood lost from a serious injury or surgery.
More informationCHALLENGES WHEN DESIGNING MODELS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES
CHALLENGES WHEN DESIGNING MODELS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES L.-H. Johansen & A.-I. Sommer, Fiskeriforskning, Tromsø, Norway. The interaction between host, virus and environment affects disease development
More informationWhat Does My Bone Marrow Do?
What Does My Bone Marrow Do? the myelodysplastic syndromes foundation, inc. Illustrations by Kirk Moldoff Published by The Myelodysplastic Syndromes Foundation, Inc. First Edition, 2009. 2012. Table of
More informationSQA CfE Higher Human Biology Unit 4: Immunology and Public Health
SCHOLAR Study Guide SQA CfE Higher Human Biology Unit 4: Immunology and Public Health Authored by: Eoin McIntyre Reviewed by: Sheena Haddow Previously authored by: Mike Cheung Eileen Humphrey Eoin McIntyre
More informationThe Circulatory System. Chapter 17 Lesson 1
The Circulatory System Chapter 17 Lesson 1 Functions of the Circulatory System Your circulatory system maintains an internal environment in which all the cells in your body are nourished. As your heart
More informationBlood Testing Protocols. Disclaimer
Blood Testing Protocols / Page 2 Blood Testing Protocols Here are the specific test protocols recommend by Dr. J.E. Williams. You may request these from your doctor or visit www.readyourbloodtest.com to
More informationAsthma (With a little SCID to start) Disclosures Outline Starting with the Immune System The Innate Immune System The Adaptive Immune System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Asthma (With a little SCID to start) Lauren Smith, MD CHKD Pediatric Allergy/Immunology Disclosures None Will be discussing some medications that are not yet FDA approved Outline SCID
More informationHapten - a small molecule that is antigenic but not (by itself) immunogenic.
Chapter 3. Antigens Terminology: Antigen: Substances that can be recognized by the surface antibody (B cells) or by the TCR (T cells) when associated with MHC molecules Immunogenicity VS Antigenicity:
More information