Learning Goals: Students will identify the characteristics of pioneer farming methods.
|
|
- Patience Boone
- 1 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Explorations in Iowa History Project, Malcolm Price Laboratory School, University Of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa COPYRIGHT 2003 University of Northern Iowa Duplication for Instructional purposes only. Credits: Logo and site design by ITS CET Documents courtesy of the State Historical Society of Iowa Lesson 9: Pioneer Farming Learning Goals: Students will identify the characteristics of pioneer farming methods. Iowa History Benchmarks: 4. Pioneer Life on the Prairie c. For most settlers, living on the prairie meant a change in farming and household practices. d. Pioneer raised or made most of the items they needed for daily life. Materials: Student Copies of the Pioneer Farming Reading Cards (1 set for every 4 students) Pioneer Farm Tools Activity Sheets (1 set for every 4 students) Map of Iowa s Native Vegetation Prior to Pioneer Settlement (from Lesson 2) Activities: 1. Prior to the lesson make one set of the Pioneer Farming Reading Cards for every 4 students. Make one copy of the Pioneer Farm Tools Activity Sheets for every 2 students. 2. Introduce this lesson by reviewing the characteristics of Iowa land prior to pioneer settlement. Prior to pioneer settlement, tree-lined creeks and streams cut through Iowa s native prairie land. See Transparency: Iowa s Native Vegetation Prior to Pioneer Settlement from Lesson Have students identify key words to describe Iowa s land prior to pioneer settlement. 4. Introduce the following terms. Ask students to identify how these terms might be connected. (They are all tools or mechanisms for raising or processing farm products during early pioneer Iowa.) breaking plow harrow cradle flail husking pin scythe corn knife grist mill axe screen 5. Place students in groups of four. To each group provide a set of the eight Pioneer Farming Reading Cards and the Pioneer Farm Tools Activity Sheets. 6. Have students work as a group to place the eight Reading Cards in the proper sequence. Then have them cut out the pictures of farm tools and the descriptions and make a chart matching each picture to a description. 7. When each group has completed their work, bring the class back together again to share their results.
2 PIONEER FARMING READING CARDS (Cut along lines making eight separate cards) The earliest settlers were, in a sense, "squatters," as there was no legal way to take possession of the land they decided to "squat" on. Government surveys in Iowa began in 1836, but it was not until June 1838 that settlers could buy their land from the land offices either in Dubuque or in Burlington. The land sold for $1.25 an acre, hard cash. Settlers tended at first to try to stay near the river or creek banks. This proved to be a mistake for farming, as the soil there tended to be sandy, rocky, or shallow. Soon they began to see that the soil a short way back from the water was more suited for abundant crop production. When a pioneer farm family found a place they wanted to call "home," there were two important "first" jobs. In the spring and summer the planting of crops had to be done first if there were to be food for the winter. Those who came late in the year knew that a shelter of some sort must be erected if they were to survive the winter cold. Planting seed was not an easy task. First the prairie sod had to be broken. The ordinary wooden plow of that day was useless against the tough, tangled roots of the prairie grass. Centuries of grass had lived and died, and the tough roots were almost impossible to break. Until John Deere invented the steel-edged plow in 1837 (more widely used by 1847). the farmer had to use a huge BREAKING PLOW pulled by five or six yoke of oxen. This would cut a shallow furrow about twenty-four inches wide. This was said to sound "like the ripping of cloth." Seeds would be dropped in groups of four and covered by dirt by someone in the family following the plow. If a breaking plow were not available, the earliest pioneers would plant "sod corn" by cutting gashes in the sod two or three feet apart by using an AXE. Then four seeds were dropped in and covered. The need for four seeds is explained in the little rhyme: One for the worm and two for the crow Leaves one seed there to grow.
3 By June the young plants were up, and the ground around each hill had to be hoed. There were not many weeds the first season, but the ground had to be loosened The first crop was usually corn or flax, as food and clothing were pressing needs. For wheat, barley, rye, and oats, the soil had to be broken into finer pieces. This was done by dragging a heavy V-shaped timber called a HARROW over the ground. To plant the smaller seeds of these crops, the farmer would walk across the fields with a large bag of seeds hung over his left shoulder. With his right hand, he "broadcast" the seed by swinging his hand full of seed out and back in rhythm with his walking. When the plants came up, the farmer could see how evenly he had distributed the seed. As early as possible the farmer had to provide for the protection of his crops, for livestock usually roamed free. Wherever timber was within hauling distance, trees were cut down and split into ten- or twelvefoot sections called rails. These would be joined together in a variety of ways according to whether they were to fence hogs or larger animals. The production of rails was a long-term job, something to be constantly worked on whenever other tasks were not more pressing. By June the prairie grass was ready to be mowed and dried for cattle feed and other livestock.uses. This was cut with a SCYTHE, spread out for drying, and stacked near the barn or sheds for use in the winter. Small grains, such as wheat, rye, oats, etc., were harvested with a CRADLE. This was made by fastening a slender post with four parallel "fingers" to the scythe handle. With each swing of the cradle the grain was laid in neat rows with the heads all lying in the same direction. This made it easy to rake them into piles and tie them into bundles with bands of straw. These bundles were then set together into shocks for drying.
4 The dried grain had to be separated from the stalk. There were two ways of doing this "threshing." One was by hitting the piles of stalks with a FLAIL, a piece of wood fastened to a handle with a wooden or leather hinge. The other way was to drive oxen or horses around and around over the stalks until the grain was trampled out. The bundles had to be turned over frequently to get as much of the grain out as possible. In order to have only the grain left, the next step was to toss it in the air in baskets. The wind would blow away the straw and chaff (as the lighter bits were called), while the heavier grain would drop back into the basket. Another method was to use a SCREEN that would sift the grain from the chaff. Corn was usually gathered from the stalks using a CORN KNIFE, husks on, and laid in the barn to dry. Later the neighbors were invited to a "husking bee" which was an occasion for fun as well as work. The husks would be removed from the ear using a HUSKING PIN. Before the grains could be used for food they had to be ground. In the most isolated homes this had to be done by someone in the family. Some rubbed ears of corn over a grater. Sometimes the grain was poured into a hollowed out stump and pounded with a heavy stick rounded at the end. Sometimes a coffee mill was used to make coarse meal or flour. Soon mills run by horse power made grinding a little easier although they might just crack the corn. As soon as several farmers settled in an area, someone was likely to set up a GRIST' MILL run by waterpower. These, of course, had to be on a river suitable for making such power, so farmers often had to go fifty to one hundred miles to get grain ground finer. Pioneer farming was not an easy job. Most jobs were done by hand, which meant long working hours for the whole family.
5 PIONEER FARM TOOLS DESCRIPTIONS: A tool used for chopping logs and making fence rails. A tool used for cutting grain crops and laying them in rows. Pulled by oxen, the farmer would use this tool to cut through the roots of the prairie grass. This tool was used by the farmer to separate the chaff from the grain. The farmer pulled this over the plowed ground to smooth the earth for planting. This tool was used to beat the grain so that the grain would be separated from the stalks. Grain or grass could be cut with this tool. Grain was ground for flour using this device. Corn was cut from the stalk using this tool. The husks would be separated from the ear of corn using this tool.
6
No. 04 Nebraska s First Farmers Nebraska s First Farmers
No. 04 Nebraska s First Farmers Nebraska s First Farmers At least 1,000 years ago Indian women tended small fields of corn. By the 1700s corn continued to be an important food for the Oto, Pawnee and Omaha
Unit A: General Agricultural Machinery. Lesson 1: Machinery and Equipment
Unit A: General Agricultural Machinery Lesson 1: Machinery and Equipment Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives: 1. Explain
ACTIVITY 3.1 The Neolithic Agricultural Revolution
ACTIVITY 3.1 The Neolithic Agricultural Revolution Between 10,000 and 3000 B.C.E., people in several areas around the earth developed new agricultural methods and machines, such as the plow pulled by horses
Five Themes of Geography
Five Themes of Geography Studying the geography of the entire world is a huge task. You can make that task easier by using the five themes of geography: location, regions, place, movement, and humanenvironment
Wheat Farming: Then and Now
Wheat Farming: Then and Now Written by Lisa Cocca California Education and the Environment Initiative History-Social Science Standard 2.4.1. Farming has changed in many ways. In 1900, farms needed many
Agriculture in Motion
reading: Compare Fact and Fiction, Sequencing, Vocabulary / Writing / Oral Language / Math: data Analysis, Linear Measurement, data Analysis / Science Process: Observe & Measure, Compare & Contrast, investigate
Mud in the Water. www.agclassroom.org/ok. Oklahoma Academic Standards. Objective. Background. Resources Needed. Activities
Mud in the Water Objective Students will learn about soil erosion and water pollution by building a demonstration model from pop bottles and observing the movement of pollutants from soil into water. Background
Science of Life Explorations
Science of Life Explorations Celebrate the Growing Year: The Farmer s Year A Farmer s Year While you are in school or on a vacation, farmers are working hard to provide us with the foods we eat and the
Fry Instant Word List
First 100 Instant Words the had out than of by many first and words then water a but them been to not these called in what so who is all some oil you were her sit that we would now it when make find he
Fry Instant Words High Frequency Words
Fry Instant Words High Frequency Words The Fry list of 600 words are the most frequently used words for reading and writing. The words are listed in rank order. First Hundred Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group
SELF-SUFFICIENCY AND RECIPROCITY
SELF-SUFFICIENCY AND RECIPROCITY Farm families raised most of what they needed to get by except for such items as baking powder, coffee, sugar, and, rice. Wheat was milled for flour, corn for cornmeal.
2016 Iowa Farm. Custom Rate Survey File A3-10 Many Iowa farmers hire custom machine work. Ag Decision Maker. Average Charge. Median Charge Range
2016 Iowa Farm Ag Decision Maker Custom Rate Survey File A3-10 Many Iowa farmers hire custom machine work in their farm business, or perform custom work for others. Some farmers rent machinery or perform
San Jacinto County Appraisal District PO Box 1170 Coldspring, Texas 77331 936-653-1450 936-653-5271 (Fax)
San Jacinto County Appraisal District PO Box 1170 Coldspring, Texas 77331 936-653-1450 936-653-5271 (Fax) (Referenced) Property Tax Code Section 23.51 Guidelines to Qualify for 1-d-1 Open Space Land Appraisal
Whitetail Deer Food Plot Considerations
Whitetail Deer Food Plot Considerations Food plots are a way the sportsman or nature enthusiast can provide nutrients for deer. Currently, Illinois game law prohibits any other means of feeding whitetail
Setting up your Chart of Accounts
FARM FUNDS WORKSHEETS Setting up your Chart of Accounts Supplies Supplies are any inputs that will be used on a field, group of livestock, or equipment. Setting up a supply will set up the related expense
Soil Quality Restoration And the Compost Connection. Presented by: Name City
Soil Quality Restoration And the Compost Connection Presented by: Name City Rainscaping Iowa Do-It-Yourself Compost Naturally Compost Considerations Location, location, location To Bin or not to bin? The
Guided Reading Level Ī - -
A Friend to the Pilgrims Guided Reading Level Ī - - No part of this publication may be reproduced in whole or in part, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
Investigating Woods.
Investigating Wood KS2 Investigations Exploring some of the Characteristics and Properties of different Woods. Forest Education Initiative Investigating Woods. Wood has been an important construction material
Level: 3rd-4th Grade. Subject: Math
Kansas Farm Bureau encourages students to learn mathematical content and skills that are used to solve a variety of problems. Their intent is to combine the use of mathematical problems with problems that
Florida Pioneer Homes By Lance Corlew & Ron Miller
Florida Pioneer Homes By Lance Corlew & Ron Miller Summary Florida pioneer homes were simple, with few luxuries. Life was very difficult in the 1800s compared to today. In this lesson, students will have
A down to earth guide to composting. Easy waste reduction in 10 minutes a week. edmonton.ca/compost
A down to earth guide to composting Easy waste reduction in 10 minutes a week edmonton.ca/compost What is composting? Composting is a natural process that breaks down organic kitchen and yard materials.
Roots and Stems and Leaves, Oh My!
Roots and Stems and Leaves, Oh My! Objectives 1. The student will be able to identify parts of a plant. 2. The student will understand the function of plant parts. Grade Level 1-3 4-6 TEKS: 1.6B, 2.6C;
TESTIMONY OF C. COOKIE DRISCOLL WHODATHUNKIT FARM VICE CHAIR OF MEMBERSHIP FOR THE NATIONAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSOCIATION
TESTIMONY OF C. COOKIE DRISCOLL WHODATHUNKIT FARM VICE CHAIR OF MEMBERSHIP FOR THE NATIONAL SMALL BUSINESS ASSOCIATION AT A HEARING BEFORE THE U.S. HOUSE COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS EFFECTS OF GASOLINE
Grasslands. Environmental Science Chapters 8
Grasslands Environmental Science Chapters 8 Grassland Biome A grassland ecosystem is an area that receives more rainfall than a desert, but not enough to support the trees of a forest. These usually exist
Native People in Early Virginia
Name: Date: Native People in Early Virginia When the Jamestown settlers arrived in Virginia in 1607, there were already thousands of Native Americans, or First Americans, living on the land they called
2 Wind Erosion and Deposition
CHAPTER 3 2 Wind Erosion and Deposition SECTION Agents of Erosion and Deposition BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How can wind erosion shape the
14 th Kildare Scouts Section
Objectives The objective of this lesson it to teach you about the safe use of Knives, Axe s and Saws. These are essential tools for use while on camp or on Pioneering projects, however they can be very
Earth Science Landforms, Weathering, and Erosion Reading Comprehension. Landforms, Weathering, and Erosion
Reading Comprehension Name 1 How many people have been to the Rocky Mountains or the Grand Canyon? When people go to visit these natural wonders, they may not realize that it took millions of years for
The estimated costs of corn, corn silage,
Estimated Costs of Crop Ag Decision Maker Production in Iowa - 2015 File A1-20 The estimated costs of corn, corn silage, soybeans, alfalfa, and pasture maintenance in this report are based on data from
The 13 American Colonies Part 1: Coming to America
The 13 American Colonies Name: http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/ushistory/13colonies3.htm Part 1: Coming to America The first colonies in North America were along the eastern coast. Settlers
The Ultimate Guide to Pigeon Feed
The Ultimate Guide to Pigeon Feed Learn the champions secret winning formula, click the link below to learn more www.pigeonracingformula.com Table of Contents Ingredients... 3 Peas... 3 Corn... 3 Pop Corn...
Troop 8 Totin Chip Outline
Troop 8 Totin Chip Outline Troop 8 Lesson Plan 2 (1) Introduction (Discuss with Scout): The Totin Chit card is granted by Troop 8 to Scouts who have demonstrated the proper procedures for handling a knife,
Forage Economics, page2. Production Costs
Forage Economics Geoffrey A. Benson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, and James T. Green, Jr., Professor Emeritus, Department of Crop Science, NC State University
Food Plot Plantings f o r Wh i t e-t a i l e d De e r in Lo u i s i a n a
Food Plot Plantings f o r Wh i t e-t a i l e d De e r in Lo u i s i a n a 1 introduction Hunters and land managers are always seeking new and more innovative ways to improve the quality and attractiveness
Chapter 4: The Development of the 13 Colonies. Manufacturing : making things by hand or by machine.
Chapter 4: The Development of the 13 Colonies Economic Problems: More Than Basic Needs Economic Activities in the 13 Colonies Some countries, besides England, that were in the British Empire were : Wales,
Estimated Costs of Crop. Production in Iowa - 2016 File A1-20 The estimated costs of corn, corn silage, Ag Decision Maker
Estimated Costs of Crop Ag Decision Maker Production in Iowa - 2016 File A1-20 The estimated costs of corn, corn silage, soybeans, alfalfa, and pasture maintenance in this report are based on data from
The Parables: Wheat & Tares
t The Parables: Wheat & Tares Matthew 13: 24-30 and Matthew 13: 37-43 Items Needed! Bible with marked scripture! Crayons/Pencils/Markers! Illustration Photos in order of use for lesson.! Copies of Coloring
This is Sam and he's getting ready to plant potatoes. Right then. The first job to do is to plough the fields.
'Show Me A Farm Where Potatoes, Pumpkins & Maize Grow'. To support teachers who wish to use our DVDs in the classroom, we provide the full commentary scripts for each section of each DVD. Pt 1 'SMAF Where
agricultural economy agriculture CALIFORNIA EDUCATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT INITIATIVE I Unit 4.2.6. I Cultivating California I Word Wall Cards 426WWC
agricultural economy agriculture An economy based on farming or ranching. The practice of growing crops and raising animals for food, fiber, or other uses by humans. archaeological site archaeology A place
Soil Sampling for Nutrient Management
Soil Sampling for Nutrient Management Nutrient Management Factsheet No. 2 in Series Revised September 2010 Order Reference No. 631-500-1 For nutrient management, soil sampling is done to collect a soil
Fayette County Appraisal District
Fayette County Appraisal District Agricultural Guidelines July 7, 2010 A SUPPLEMENT TO THE STATE OF TEXAS PROPERTY TAX MANUAL FOR THE APPRAISAL OF AGRICULTUAL LAND AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES AND
Farming. In the Standard Grade Geography exam there are three types of farming you need to know about arable, livestock and mixed.
Types of Farming In the Standard Grade Geography exam there are three types of farming you need to know about arable, livestock and mixed. Arable farms are ones where the main way of making money is by
Scientist Guide. Let s Talk About the Weather. Introduction
Scientist Guide Let s Talk About the Weather Introduction Agriculture is highly dependent on the weather. Ever since the first seed was sown, farmers have been watching the sky and hoping for good weather.
Determining the Use of Technology in World Food and Fiber Production
Lesson A8 1 Determining the Use of Technology in World Food and Fiber Production Unit A. Mechanical Systems and Technology Problem Area 8. Technology Systems Lesson 1. Determining the Use of Technology
Managing of Annual Winter Forages in Southwest Texas
r r r rr EDUCATION RESEARCH EXTENSION The Texas A&M University System Soil & Crop Sciences Managing of Annual Winter Forages in Southwest Texas Mr Charles Stichler Assocaite Professor and Extension Agronomist
ELEMENTARY-LEVEL SCIENCE TEST
4THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SPRING 2008 GRADE 4 ELEMENTARY-LEVEL SCIENCE TEST WRITTEN TEST Student Name School Name Print your name and the name of your school on the lines above. The test
A HOW-TO BACKYARD COMPOSTING GUIDE
A HOW-TO BACKYARD COMPOSTING GUIDE WHAT IS COMPOSTING? Compost is a dark, crumbly, earthy smelling material that is great for your garden. Composting is the natural breakdown of organic material (kitchen
Fish, Fossils and Fuel
Lesson Plan - Page 1 Topic Where oil comes from Source Oil and Natural Gas, pages 18-19 Objective Students will gain an overall picture of the sequence of processes that leads to the formation of sedimentary
Fruit Tree Planting? What is
What is Fruit Tree Planting? Farmers' Handbook "The Fields", Fruit is a store of goodness. It is juicy, tasty and nutritious, and it holds vitamins essential for our health and well being. So it's our
THE LITTLE RED HEN. Outcome: The students will learn about sharing, helping, and cooperation.
Outcome: The students will learn about sharing, helping, and cooperation. Materials: Popsicle sticks, glue sticks, Animal Puppet worksheet, scissors, crayons One small and one large circular sponge, yellow
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Biomass Harvest Guidelines
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Biomass Harvest Guidelines What do Biomass Harvest Guidelines offer? They offer recommendations to manage forest-, brush- and open- land with the intent to protect water, timber,
Will It Sprout? Seed Germination Test
Objective Will It Sprout? Seed Germination Test The student will understand the importance of a seed germination test performed on field seed, and will do a classroom germ test. Grade Level 1-3 4-6 TEKS:
Tsyunhehkw^ Below is the statement from tsyunhehkw^.
Tsyunhehkw^ Corn is the main field crop in both Iowa and Wisconsin, and in the U.S. as a whole. Most of this corn is used to feed livestock or converted to ethanol. Much of it is traded as a commodity.
Grow your own wheat. preparation #1. Brockwell Bake TEACHER S NOTES. Sowing times. Choosing and obtaining seed wheat. Sowing site.
Brockwell Bake preparation #1 Sowing times Wheat is divided into spring and winter wheat, meaning spring wheat which grows relatively fast and is sown at the start of Spring (usually March) once soil is
CORN HUSK DOLLS. 2. Lay the bath towels on your work table to absorb excess water from the husks.
CORN HUSK DOLLS I. GOAL: Students will learn how children in the 1840s entertained themselves by making simple toys. II. OBJECTIVES: A. Each child will make a corn husk doll. B. Through discussion and
FUN WAS WHERE YOU FOUND IT
Explorations in Iowa History Project, Malcolm Price Laboratory School, University Of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa COPYRIGHT 2003 University of Northern Iowa Lynn.Nielsen@uni.edu Duplication for Instructional
Cover crops as a soil improvement strategy
Cover crops as a soil improvement strategy Eric Johnson, 1999, updated 2007, 2010 Why cover crops? -- cover crops add organic matter to the soil when chopped and incorporated. In this way, they create
Plant Needs Light, Water and Air
Plant Needs Light, Water and Air Objective Students will be able to list and describe the things plants need to grow and produce. Grade Level 1-3 4-6 TEKS: TEKS: S- 2.6C; 2.9B; 3.10A S- 4.10A; 5.6A,C;
Estimating Cash Rental Rates for Farmland
Estimating Cash Rental Rates for Farmland Tenant operators farm more than half of the crop land in Iowa. Moreover, nearly 70 percent of the rented crop land is operated under a cash lease. Cash leases
RENEWABLE OR NOT? ADVANCE PREPARATION MATERIALS
AT A GLANCE RENEWABLE OR NOT? Students learn the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources and discover why sustainable use of natural resources is important. OBJECTIVES Students will: Identify
Angry Birds Main Idea Game
Angry Birds Main Idea Game Directions: Print, cut out, and laminate all cards. Lauren LaCour MA CCC-SLP To Play: Mix all the cards together in a pile. Each student draws a card on his turn. If he draws
Fiber Flax in Oregon
STATION CIRCULAR 118 MAY 1936 Fiber Flax in Oregon By BRITTAIN B. ROBINSON Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State Agricultural College CORVALLIS Fiber Flax in Oregon* By BRITTAIN B. ROBINSON, Associate
The New England Colonies
The New England Colonies The North is also called New England. There were four colonies in the North. The colonies were Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire. The Pilgrims were the
PUSD High Frequency Word List
PUSD High Frequency Word List For Reading and Spelling Grades K-5 High Frequency or instant words are important because: 1. You can t read a sentence or a paragraph without knowing at least the most common.
Fry Phrases Set 1. TeacherHelpForParents.com help for all areas of your child s education
Set 1 The people Write it down By the water Who will make it? You and I What will they do? He called me. We had their dog. What did they say? When would you go? No way A number of people One or two How
Colorado fence law. Section 2 C.R.S (2) states that a livestock owner is not always protected from liability when his stock enters
Colorado fence law Colorado, like many other western states, is a fence out state. Our fence law consists of a series of statutes that were passed since the late nineteenth century. Colorado s fence law
Grade 7. Objective. Students will be able to:
Grade 7 Objective Students will be able to: Describe the carbon cycle in more detail: o Learn about the importance of carbon and the role it plays in photosynthesis and cellular respiration, Identify elements
Animal Life Cycles. Background. Procedure
Purpose: This lesson introduces students to the six major livestock species raised in Minnesota. Students will learn terms for mothers, fathers, and young and explore the life cycle of a typical farm animal.
It's actually a quite complex question, with lots of possible answers depending on peoples long term goals.
How Big Should a Farm Be? A quickie guide to self sufficient farming I've had several people ask: "How big should my farm be?" It's actually a quite complex question, with lots of possible answers depending
The Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution The archaeologist took out his small brush and carefully removed the remaining dirt from the fragment of human skull. To help him reconstruct the life of the ancient human, he
How does composting work?
How does composting work? Composting is a natural process that turns organic material (things that were once living) into rich soil-like material called compost. The organic material is broken down by
Tennessee Agricultural Production and Rural Infrastructure
Tennessee Trends in Agricultural Production and Infrastructure Highlights - In many states the percentage of the state population designated by the U.S. Census Bureau as living in rural areas has declined,
Down-to-earth people
Down-to-earth people Why does a farmer farm? Planting a seed every spring takes a bit of optimism hoping the seed will grow and mature, that there will be enough rain but not a storm to wipe out the crop,
PRAIRIE LIFE. Unit Five
PRAIRIE LIFE Unit Five Prairie Life UNIT FIVE The following is background information for creating lesson plans. Activities start on page 81. Homes on the Prairie One of the requirements under the Homestead
Corn in Legend and Myth
Corn in Legend and Myth Objective Students will compare myths and legends about corn and use their creative abilities to act them out. Background Corn is a grass, native to the Americas. The exact origin
Phonics. High Frequency Words P.008. Objective The student will read high frequency words.
P.008 Jumping Words Objective The student will read high frequency words. Materials High frequency words (P.HFW.005 - P.HFW.064) Choose target words. Checkerboard and checkers (Activity Master P.008.AM1a
Soil Erosion. Physics. Grade LEARNING OUTCOMES DESCRIPTION READINESS ACTIVITIES MATERIALS. Science
Soil Erosion Science Grade 10-12 Classroom Individual reading DESCRIPTION Soil erosion is a major problem in Agriculture. Tonnes of soil are lost from fields every year. This not only reduces crop production,
Feasibility and Impact Assessment of a proposed project to Briquette Municipal Solid waste for use as a cooking fuel in Rwanda.
Feasibility and Impact Assessment of a proposed project to Briquette Municipal Solid waste for use as a cooking fuel in Rwanda Picture Gallery ENEDOM has used a 750kg/hr Dev-Tech Piston Press to produce
Using Aerial Photography to Measure Habitat Changes. Method
Then and Now Using Aerial Photography to Measure Habitat Changes Method Subject Areas: environmental education, science, social studies Conceptual Framework Topic References: HIIIB, HIIIB1, HIIIB2, HIIIB3,
LIFE SCIENCE. Hoop House Construction for New Mexico: 12-ft. x 40-ft. Hoop House BRINGING TO YOUR HOME ECONOMICS COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND
Hoop House Construction for New Mexico: 12-ft. x 40-ft. Hoop House COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND HOME ECONOMICS BRINGING SCIENCE TO YOUR LIFE Hoop House Construction for New Mexico: 12-ft. x 40-ft. Hoop House
2.3 Mapping Earth s Physical Features A world physical features map shows information about. Physical Features. canyon. Word Bank
Read Section 2.3. Write one or two sentences describing the type of thematic map you read about. Then match the physical features in the Word Bank to their correct locations on the illustration. An example
Installation PowerPoint for Grasscrete Formers
Installation PowerPoint for Grasscrete Formers 1 This document describes the two single-use tools utilized to create the Grasscrete product. The original Former is a vacuum formed light gauge plastic mold
Wood Projects Outdoors. Post Hole Specifications. Deck Span Tables. www.jon Eakes.com
Wood Projects Outdoors Post Hole Specifications & Deck Span Tables www.jon Eakes.com Building Fences The depth of the fence posts into the ground must be at least one foot below the frost level for your
Wheat farming in the UK
Wheat farming in the UK Grain Chain 2016 Wheat farming UK farmers supply most of the requirements of UK millers. Flour millers depend on farmers to grow enough grain of the right type for milling different
Planting Techniques for Living Snow Fences Planting Techniques for Rooted Stock
Planting Techniques for Living Snow Fences Two general categories of plant materials, rooted and unrooted, can be used for living snow fences. The planting techniques used with rooted plant materials are
Project Based Learning First Grade: Science- Plants and Animals By: Nikki DiGiacomo
Project Based Learning First Grade: Science- Plants and Animals By: Nikki DiGiacomo How do plants and animals live? Essential Question Sub Questions What are plants? What are animals? What are the basic
Sheep on the fells. Rough Fell sheep flourish in the hard Cumbrian winter, tended by shepherd Alison O Neill
86 Sheep on the fells Rough Fell sheep flourish in the hard Cumbrian winter, tended by shepherd Alison O Neill 87 In the first minutes after daybreak, on a bitingly cold December morning, a flock of 200
So far the effort, outlined in the state s Nutrient Reduction Strategy to reduce hypoxia in the Gulf, has been voluntary.
Push is on for Iowa to clean up its water State leaders are counting on farmers to adopt conservation practices to protect waterways, soil By Donnelle Eller, Des Moines Register; Nov. 9, 2013 EAGLE GROVE,
T-BALL BLAST COACH S NOTEBOOK. www.tballblast.com YOUR COMPLETE T-BALL COACHING GUIDE. baseball lessons and skills tips
COACH S NOTEBOOK 2011 Copyright 2011 KMS Productions LLC All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, or the facilitation thereof, including
Lesson Title: Beef Cattle-Animal Care is Everywhere Grade Level: K-4 Time: 1 hour Content Area: Science, Language Arts Objectives:
Lesson Title: Beef Cattle-Animal Care is Everywhere Grade Level: K-4 Time: 1 hour Content Area: Science, Language Arts Objectives: Identify the needs of beef animals Compare the needs of beef animals to
Lesson Plan Title: U.S. History Fall Harvest
Lesson Plan Title: U.S. History Fall Harvest Concept / Topic to Teach: Crops brought to America with the African slaves Standards Addressed: 8.4-4 daily lives of the people 8.6-1 how physical geography
17 BUSINESS ACCOUNTING STANDARD BIOLOGICAL ASSETS I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
APPROVED by Resolution No. 6 of 6 October 2004 of the Standards Board of the Public Establishment the Institute of Accounting of the Republic of Lithuania 17 BUSINESS ACCOUNTING STANDARD BIOLOGICAL ASSETS
PUTTING FORAGES TOGETHER FOR YEAR ROUND GRAZING
PUTTING FORAGES TOGETHER FOR YEAR ROUND GRAZING Jimmy C. Henning A good rotational grazing system begins with a forage system that allows the maximum number of grazing days per year with forages that are
CORN IS GROWN ON MORE ACRES OF IOWA LAND THAN ANY OTHER CROP.
CORN IS GROWN ON MORE ACRES OF IOWA LAND THAN ANY OTHER CROP. Planted acreage reached a high in 1981 with 14.4 million acres planted for all purposes and has hovered near 12.5 million acres since the early
BUILDING WITH STONE AND EARTH
BUILDING WITH STONE AND EARTH PART 1 Earth is a popular building material all over the world. It can be used by itself, but if there is stone available, then the two can be used together to make very good
Chapter 3: Early People of Ohio
Chapter 3: Early People of Ohio Standards * History-Describe the earliest settlements in Ohio including the prehistoric peoples. * People in Societies- 1. Describe the cultural practices and products of
The Hive Bodies. In the Beekeeper s Work Shop. Building a Bee Hive: The Hive Bodies. by Stephen E. Tilmann
The Hive Bodies In the Beekeeper s Work Shop The hive body is the heart of a managed bee hive colony (Figure 1). It is where the queen lays her eggs, the house bees raise the brood and the workers store
Plan for Success has been a principle guiding many
Husbandry Hints by Bill and Sherri Duey Well-planned barns and pastures, and innovative use of high- and low-tech gadgets can make life on the farm much easier. If you have any helpful husbandry hints,
You re One in Seven Billion!
You re One in Seven Billion! We ve all heard the expression, You re one in a million!. With the ever-growing number of people on the planet, it might be more accurate to say, You re one in seven billion!
Silo Plants for Grain, Seed and Foodstuff
Silo Plants for Grain, Seed and Foodstuff Y 50 Years of Experience = Your Guarantee Consultancy based on experience At Cimbria, we have built up a profound and market leading specialist know-how within