Purchasing Power, Cost of Living & Wages Index /7/31 1

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1 Purchasing Power, Cost of Living & Wages Index 2012 Dr Grace Aw Research Fellow Asia Competitiveness Institute Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy National University of Singapore Associate Professor Tan Khee Giap Co-Director Asia Competitiveness Institute Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy National University of Singapore Dr Vu Minh Khuong Senior Research Fellow Asia Competitiveness Institute Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy National University of Singapore Professor Tan Kong Yam Director Asia Competitiveness Institute Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy National University of Singapore 2012/7/31 1

2 ACI-LKY Report: A Highlight ACI-LKY Report aims to provide policy makers and MNC executives reliable estimates of comparative costs of living and purchasing power of wage for over 100 major cities around the world. The ACI-LKY report is prepared by ACI will be published on an annual basis. The ACI-LKY report has three improved features compared to the similar reports published by UBS, Mercer, ECA, and EIU: More comprehensive coverage More rigorous methodology More reliable data 2012/7/31 2

3 ACI-LKY Report: Three Improved Features More Comprehensive Coverage ACI-LKY Report provides: The cost of living index for expats, which are also covered by the UBS, Mercer, ECA, and EIU reports. The cost of living index for the average resident, which is not currently covered by the UBS, Mercer, ECA, and EIU reports. The purchasing power of wage, which is currently covered only by the UBS report. The ACI-LKY Report covers 109 cities, which include 73 cities covered by the UBS report. 2012/7/31 3

4 ACI-LKY Report: Three Improved Features More Rigorous Methodology ACI-LKY Report distinguishes the cost of living between the expat and the average resident. The expat tend to purchase high-end products and have western pattern of consumption preference. The average resident purchase typical products and have the local pattern of consumption. 2012/7/31 4

5 ACI-LKY Report: Three Improved Features More Rigorous Methodology ACI-LKY Report uses the purchasing power parity and consumption basket provided by the World Bank International Comparison Program (ICP). 2012/7/31 5

6 ACI-LKY Report: Three Improved Features More Reliable Data ACI-LKY Report uses more reliable data: The data on cost of living data for expats is provided by EIU, which is considered the most reliable private source of data by most researchers. The data on purchasing power parity is provided by the World Bank ICP, which has been widely used for capturing the cost of living for over 200 countries and territories around the world. 2012/7/31 6

7 ACI-LKY Report: Three Improved Features More Reliable Data ACI-LKY Report uses more reliable data: The data on wage is drawn from the International Labor Organization (ILO), which is considered the most reliable source of data on labor and wage. 2012/7/31 7

8 UBS Framework Basket of goods and services in the Cost of Living index is adjusted based on their weighting in the European consumer price index, so that all the prices added up to the approximate monthly consumption of a European family of three 2012/7/31 8

9 UBS Framework Apart from the Cost of Living index, a Domestic Purchasing Power index is available (net income divided by basket of goods) Data used in the indices are obtained through surveys from a representative sample of companies 2012/7/31 9

10 UBS Framework: Discussion Cost of Living index geared to Western European consumer habits; effective cost of living depends on the resident s address, lifestyle and age Domestic Purchasing Power assumed a common consumer preference regardless of geographical location, and common occupational profile for all third-world cities 2012/7/31 10

11 UBS Framework: Discussion The wage data collected do not represent statistical averages; rather, data was limited to just a few companies for each profession and city 2012/7/31 11

12 EIU Framework Cost of living index is based on the arithmetic mean of price levels in the selected cities Weightings of the basket of goods in the cost of living index is indicative of the amount spent on products and services included in the index categories 2012/7/31 12

13 EIU Framework: Discussion Cost of living index is not available freely No information on domestic purchasing power available 2012/7/31 13

14 Mercer Framework Similar to EIU framework Ranks 300 cities according to their cost of living indexes 2012/7/31 14

15 ACI-LKY Framework Similar to UBS, both Cost of Living index and Domestic Purchasing Power index are formed Similar to EIU, weightings of the basket of goods is indicative of the amount spent on products and services included in the index categories Domestic Purchasing Power index is calculated using the World Bank International Comparison Program (WB ICP); WB ICP consumption basket is specific to individual countries 2012/7/31 15

16 ACI-LKY Framework Data used in the indices are obtained through EIU City database and the International Labour Organization (ILO) Occupational profile is not assumed to be constant for all cities, but based on the weighted average (by profession) of all data collected by ILO 2012/7/31 16

17 General Framework 3 Indices: Cost of Living Index for Expats Cost of Living Index for the Average Resident Purchasing Power of Wage for the Average Worker 2012/7/31 17

18 General Framework Cities covered: 109 cities (New York = base) Full data available for 100 cities For 9 cities (included in UBS index), assumed the relative positions of these cities wrt New York in 2009 UBS results unchanged 2012/7/31 18

19 General Framework Cities without complete data: No City Country 1 Caracas Venezuela 2 Dubai United Arab Emirates 3 Ljubliana Slovenia 4 Manama Bahrain 5 Nairobi Kenya 6 Nicosia Cyprus 7 Riga Latvia 8 Tallinn Estonia 9 Vilnius Lithuania 2012/7/31 19

20 Singapore s Results Index Category Rank (109 cities) Index (NY=100) Cost of Living Expats All Cost of Living for the Average Resident All Food & Nonalcoholic Drinks Alcohol & Tobacco Clothing Housing Rents & Utilities Household Supplies & Domestic Help Personal Care & Doctor s Fees Transport Recreation & Sports Education Miscellaneous Purchasing Power for the Average 2012/7/31 Worker All

21 Methodology: Cost of Living for Expats Used the EIU city database 284 data items 165 products and services (i = 1,, 165) 10 categories of products and services Similar to EIU Index calculation, the index values are calculated based on the arithmetic mean of price levels in the two selected cities; this ensures that the paradoxical situation of any two selected cities being more expensive than the other cannot arise 2012/7/31 21

22 Methodology: Cost of Living for Expats Within each category, index values for each data item are computed and multiplied by the weights attached to each data item in the category The sum of the weighted index (of data items) of each category gives the index value for the particular category Weights are then applied to the category indices and the sum of the weighted indices is the index value for the city 2012/7/31 22

23 Methodology: Cost of Living for Expats Applied identical set of weights for each category, to each city Category Weights Category Weights Food & Nonalcoholic Drinks 9.6% Personal Care & Doctor s 11.6% Fees Alcohol & Tobacco 3.1% Transport 10.5% Clothing 4.3% Recreation & Sports 8.8% Housing Rents & Utilities 17.3% Education 8.1% Household Supplies & Domestic Help 5.0% Miscellaneous 21.7% Set of weights are constructed from ICP data 2012/7/31 23

24 Methodology: Cost of Living for Expats For the miscellaneous category, UBS 2009 Services index values are used for UBS-cities; for non-ubs cities, ICP data is used to arrive at an index value for the category All data items converted to USD using the 2011 average exchange rate (data from Bloomberg) 2012/7/31 24

25 Methodology: Cost of Living for Expats Construction framework of index Compute average price of each product/service i of city j, AV ij Compute average price of each product/service i between New York and city j, AV ij _ NY Calculate the index of prices for each city j (including New York), AV AV / AV ij, NY ij ij _ NY Compute the index of each city j relative to New York (base), CP 100 AV / AV EIU ij ij, NY NYj, NY 2012/7/31 25

26 Methodology: Cost of Living for Expats WB ICP Categories Food & nonalcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages, tobacco & narcotics Clothing & footwear Housing, water, electricity, gas & other fuels Furnishings, household equipment and maintenance Health Transport Recreation Education EIU City Database: 10 Categories Food & Nonalcoholic Drinks Alcohol & Tobacco Clothing Housing Rents & Utilities Household supplies & Domestic help Doctors Fees & Personal care Transport Recreation & Sports Education Miscellaneous /7/31 26

27 Results: Cost of Living for Expats No City Country CLI (Expat) 1 DUBLIN Ireland TOKYO Japan ZURICH Switzerland OSLO Norway SINGAPORE Singapore CARACAS Venezuela GENEVA Switzerland FRANKFURT Germany OSAKA / KOBE Japan COPENHAGEN Denmark /7/31 27

28 Results: Cost of Living for Expats No City Country CLI (Expat) 11 PARIS France LONDON Great Britain SYDNEY Australia MELBOURNE Australia HELSINKI Finland SAO PAULO Brazil RIO DE JANEIRO Brazil NEW YORK United States PERTH Australia BRISBANE Australia /7/31 28

29 Results: Cost of Living for Expats No City Country CLI (Expat) 21 VIENNA Austria MADRID Spain MOSCOW Russia BARCELONA Spain MUNICH Germany STOCKHOLM Sweden WASHINGTON DC United States CHICAGO United States LOS ANGELES United States MILAN Italy /7/31 29

30 Results: Cost of Living for Expats No City Country CLI (Expat) 31 BEIJING China ROME Italy HONG KONG Hong Kong, China ISTANBUL Turkey ADELAIDE Australia TORONTO Canada BRUSSELS Belgium HONOLULU United States TEL AVIV Israel BANGKOK Thailand /7/31 30

31 Results: Cost of Living for Expats No City Country CLI (Expat) 41 BERLIN Germany REYKJAVIK Iceland BOSTON United States VANCOUVER Canada MINNEAPOLIS United States LISBON Portugal BOGOTA Colombia ATLANTA United States SHANGHAI China AMSTERDAM Netherlands /7/31 31

32 Results: Cost of Living for Expats No City Country CLI (Expat) 51 AUCKLAND New Zealand SEATTLE United States LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg ATHENS Greece SAN FRANCISCO United States HOUSTON United States JAKARTA Indonesia CALGARY Canada SEOUL South Korea MIAMI United States /7/31 32

33 Results: Cost of Living for Expats No City Country CLI (Expat) 61 LEXINGTON United States MONTREAL Canada WELLINGTON New Zealand PITTSBURGH United States LIMA Peru MEXICO CITY Mexico SANTIAGO Chile CLEVELAND United States PRAGUE Czech Republic DUBAI United Arab Emirates /7/31 33

34 Results: Cost of Living for Expats No City Country CLI (Expat) 71 LYON France DETROIT United States ST PETERSBURG Russia NICOSIA Cyprus JOHANNESBURG South Africa TAIPEI Taiwan, China MONTEVIDEO Uruguay BRATISLAVA Slovakia BUDAPEST Hungary WARSAW Poland /7/31 34

35 Results: Cost of Living for Expats No City Country CLI (Expat) 81 AMMAN Jordan PRETORIA South Africa LJUBLJANA Slovenia DALIAN China SHENZHEN China DOHA Qatar RIGA Latvia GUANGZHOU China TIANJIN China MANILA Philippines /7/31 35

36 Results: Cost of Living for Expats No City Country CLI (Expat) 91 CAIRO Egypt QINGDAO China KUALA LUMPUR Malaysia NAIROBI Kenya KIEV Ukraine MANAMA Bahrain BUENOS AIRES Argentina TALLINN Estonia VILNIUS Lithuania SUZHOU China /7/31 36

37 Results: Cost of Living for Expats No City Country CLI (Expat) 101 BAKU Azerbaijan SOFIA Bulgaria BUCHAREST Romania COLOMBO Sri Lanka KUWAIT Kuwait MUMBAI India QUITO Ecuador NEW DELHI India ASUNCION Paraguay /7/31 37

38 Methodology: Cost of Living for the Average Resident Construction framework follows 3 steps: Construct the overall price index at the national level, using data from ICP: NP ICP k _ US ( NP ICP k / NP ICP US ) *100 This shows how expensive the cost of living in country k is, compared to the US level (US=100). 2012/7/31 38

39 Methodology: Cost of Living for the Average Resident Construct the national and city level price index relative to the US and New York, respectively. In this step, assume that the national price level for country k, EIU NP k is simply the average of the price levels observed for its cities EIU CP kj i.e.: NP EIU k Average j ( CP EIU kj ) 2012/7/31 39

40 Methodology: Cost of Living for the Average Resident Constructing the city level price index relative to New York (New York=100): CLI kj CP CP EIU kj EIU NY ICP NP k ICP EIU ICP NP kj k US * US CP NP *100 * EIU EIU EIU NP CP k NY NPk US EIU NP US * /7/31 40

41 Methodology: Cost of Living for the Average Resident Note: CP CP EIU kj EIU NY is the cost of living index based on EIU data NP NP ICP k US EIU k US is the adjustment factor that takes into account the difference in data between the ICP survey (focusing on the average resident s consumption) and the EIU survey (aimed at the average expat s consumption) 2012/7/31 41

42 Methodology: Cost of Living for the Average Resident Applied different set of weights to each city Category Weights Category Weights Food & Nonalcoholic Drinks r 1 Personal Care & Doctor s Fees r 6 Alcohol & Tobacco r 2 Transport r 7 Clothing r 3 Recreation & Sports r 8 Housing Rents & Utilities r 4 Education r 9 Household Supplies & Domestic Help r 5 Miscellaneous r 10 Set of weights are constructed from ICP data 2012/7/31 42

43 Methodology: ICP Weights No City Country r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 5 r 6 r 7 r 8 r 9 r 10 1 ADELAIDE Australia 8.5% 3.5% 3.2% 18.3% 5.6% 11.8% 10.1% 10.2% 9.4% 19.4% 2 AMMAN Jordan 28.9% 3.0% 5.4% 17.1% 3.9% 7.7% 8.9% 1.7% 11.7% 11.7% 3 AMSTERDAM Netherlands 8.2% 2.2% 4.0% 17.6% 4.8% 10.7% 8.9% 8.8% 7.5% 27.3% 4 ASUNCION Paraguay 32.3% 2.5% 7.9% 11.7% 5.2% 5.2% 11.4% 6.2% 5.4% 12.2% 5 ATHENS Greece 13.8% 4.2% 9.3% 14.2% 5.7% 8.3% 7.9% 5.7% 5.9% 25.0% 6 ATLANTA United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 7 AUCKLAND New Zealand 11.5% 4.1% 3.7% 18.2% 5.4% 10.1% 11.4% 11.5% 7.3% 16.8% 8 BAKU Azerbaijan 57.9% 1.8% 5.3% 5.8% 5.2% 4.8% 5.4% 2.2% 6.4% 5.2% 9 BANGKOK Thailand 15.9% 4.4% 6.9% 7.2% 6.1% 8.3% 14.6% 5.9% 8.9% 21.8% 10 BARCELONA 2012/7/31 Spain 11.8% 2.4% 4.7% 13.7% 4.4% 10.4% 9.9% 8.7% 6.5% %

44 Methodology: ICP Weights No City Country r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 5 r 6 r 7 r 8 r 9 r BEIJING China 24.1% 2.0% 6.4% 14.6% 3.9% 6.2% 4.1% 4.6% 9.7% 24.4% 12 BERLIN Germany 9.1% 2.9% 4.3% 19.8% 5.6% 12.6% 11.2% 8.3% 5.8% 20.4% 13 BOGOTA Colombia 24.3% 4.0% 4.4% 14.2% 5.2% 10.6% 10.7% 3.5% 8.5% 14.6% 14 BOSTON United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 15 BRATISLAVA Slovakia 15.7% 4.5% 3.7% 22.3% 4.7% 9.2% 7.5% 8.6% 5.8% 18.0% 16 BRISBANE Australia 8.5% 3.5% 3.2% 18.3% 5.6% 11.8% 10.1% 10.2% 9.4% 19.4% 17 BRUSSELS Belgium 10.3% 2.8% 4.2% 17.7% 4.3% 13.0% 11.4% 7.8% 9.0% 19.5% 18 BUCHAREST Romania 25.0% 4.4% 3.1% 19.8% 4.3% 8.2% 14.8% 4.4% 6.0% 10.0% 19 BUDAPEST Hungary 13.3% 6.6% 2.9% 14.7% 5.3% 10.8% 12.5% 7.9% 7.7% 18.3% 20 BUENOS 2012/7/31 Argentina 22.5% 3.6% 4.3% 14.4% 4.8% 10.7% 9.2% 6.4% 6.0% % AIRES

45 Methodology: ICP Weights No City Country r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 5 r 6 r 7 r 8 r 9 r CAIRO Egypt 41.7% 2.7% 7.8% 12.9% 3.6% 4.9% 4.0% 2.5% 7.5% 12.4% 22 CALGARY Canada 7.7% 3.2% 3.8% 19.2% 5.0% 11.8% 11.6% 9.1% 7.9% 20.7% 23 CARACAS Venezuela 26.0% 2.9% 4.0% 11.1% 5.2% 8.8% 9.1% 4.2% 10.5% 18.2% 24 CHICAGO 25 CLEVELAND United States United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 26 COLOMBO Sri Lanka 36.5% 4.1% 9.1% 7.5% 6.2% 3.3% 16.8% 3.8% 2.9% 9.8% 27 COPENHAGEN Denmark 8.1% 2.8% 3.5% 19.3% 4.2% 11.0% 10.0% 9.2% 9.1% 22.8% 28 DALIAN China 24.1% 2.0% 6.4% 14.6% 3.9% 6.2% 4.1% 4.6% 9.7% 24.4% United 29 DETROIT 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% States /7/31 DOHA Qatar 13.6% 0.3% 6.2% 17.2% 6.4% 8.8% 15.3% 3.3% 18.0% %

46 Methodology: ICP Weights No City Country r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 5 r 6 r 7 r 8 r 9 r DUBAI United Arab Emirates DUBLIN Ireland 4.6% 4.1% 4.1% 16.6% 5.4% 10.1% 9.8% 6.9% 10.1% 28.3% 33 FRANKFURT Germany 9.1% 2.9% 4.3% 19.8% 5.6% 12.6% 11.2% 8.3% 5.8% 20.4% 34 GENEVA Switzerland 9.3% 3.1% 3.5% 20.5% 3.9% 13.3% 6.9% 8.5% 7.9% 23.1% 35 GUANGZHOU China 24.1% 2.0% 6.4% 14.6% 3.9% 6.2% 4.1% 4.6% 9.7% 24.4% 36 HELSINKI Finland 9.3% 3.8% 3.6% 18.9% 4.1% 11.7% 9.6% 9.8% 8.1% 21.1% 37 HONG KONG Hong Kong, China 8.9% 0.7% 9.9% 17.8% 5.1% 8.5% 6.3% 11.5% 7.6% 23.7% 38 HONOLULU United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 39 HOUSTON United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 40 ISTANBUL 2012/7/31 Turkey 23.1% 3.8% 5.8% 24.0% 6.3% 3.8% 11.7% 2.4% 5.8% %

47 Methodology: ICP Weights No City Country r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 5 r 6 r 7 r 8 r 9 r JAKARTA Indonesia 41.7% 1.8% 3.5% 20.2% 2.6% 3.1% 6.5% 1.7% 5.6% 13.3% 42 JOHANNESBURG South Africa 17.6% 5.0% 5.0% 11.2% 6.7% 10.9% 15.1% 4.1% 10.1% 14.3% 43 KIEV Ukraine 32.1% 5.1% 4.3% 8.8% 3.3% 8.7% 10.9% 5.3% 9.5% 12.0% 44 KUALA LUMPUR Malaysia 17.3% 1.5% 2.2% 17.5% 4.6% 4.8% 12.7% 4.1% 9.0% 26.3% 45 KUWAIT Kuwait 14.8% 0.2% 8.1% 18.4% 13.4% 5.6% 12.3% 4.1% 12.8% 10.3% 46 LEXINGTON United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 47 LIMA Peru 29.2% 1.9% 6.0% 8.5% 5.1% 7.0% 8.4% 4.6% 9.6% 19.7% 48 LISBON Portugal 13.1% 2.9% 6.0% 11.5% 5.6% 12.2% 11.6% 7.3% 8.5% 21.3% 49 LJUBLJANA Slovenia /7/31 LONDON Great Britain 7.1% 3.0% 4.6% 15.5% 4.6% 10.0% 11.9% 10.8% 6.0% %

48 Methodology: ICP Weights No City Country r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 5 r 6 r 7 r 8 r 9 r LOS ANGELES United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 52 LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg 6.9% 7.7% 2.8% 15.5% 5.4% 10.6% 13.7% 7.6% 10.0% 19.8% 53 LYON France 10.6% 2.4% 3.7% 19.7% 4.6% 12.0% 11.4% 8.8% 7.1% 19.7% 54 MADRID Spain 11.8% 2.4% 4.7% 13.7% 4.4% 10.4% 9.9% 8.7% 6.5% 27.5% 55 MANAMA Bahrain MANILA Philippines 43.9% 1.9% 2.1% 14.0% 1.9% 3.4% 5.5% 1.1% 9.0% 17.2% 57 MELBOURNE Australia 8.5% 3.5% 3.2% 18.3% 5.6% 11.8% 10.1% 10.2% 9.4% 19.4% 58 MEXICO CITY Mexico 22.0% 2.3% 2.6% 15.4% 6.8% 7.0% 15.9% 3.0% 8.8% 16.2% 59 MIAMI United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% /7/31 MILAN Italy 12.3% 2.2% 6.6% 17.1% 6.4% 11.8% 11.1% 6.3% 6.5% %

49 Methodology: ICP Weights No City Country r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 5 r 6 r 7 r 8 r 9 r MINNEAPOLIS United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 62 MONTEVIDEO Uruguay 19.0% 3.5% 4.9% 19.5% 6.0% 11.4% 11.7% 4.4% 5.5% 14.1% 63 MONTREAL Canada 7.7% 3.2% 3.8% 19.2% 5.0% 11.8% 11.6% 9.1% 7.9% 20.7% 64 MOSCOW Russia 25.5% 6.1% 9.4% 9.7% 4.1% 7.7% 10.9% 6.3% 5.7% 14.6% 65 MUMBAI India 33.6% 2.2% 5.1% 12.0% 2.7% 7.3% 15.4% 2.0% 5.8% 13.9% 66 MUNICH Germany 9.1% 2.9% 4.3% 19.8% 5.6% 12.6% 11.2% 8.3% 5.8% 20.4% 67 NAIROBI Kenya 33.3% 3.1% 2.9% 7.3% 4.6% 7.7% 11.7% 5.8% 11.9% 11.7% 68 NEW DELHI India 33.6% 2.2% 5.1% 12.0% 2.7% 7.3% 15.4% 2.0% 5.8% 13.9% 69 NEW YORK United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 2012/7/ NICOSIA Cyprus

50 Methodology: ICP Weights No City Country r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 5 r 6 r 7 r 8 r 9 r OSAKA / KOBE Japan 12.3% 2.5% 2.8% 20.4% 4.7% 11.5% 9.0% 7.8% 6.1% 22.9% 72 OSLO Norway 9.7% 3.1% 4.1% 14.9% 4.5% 13.5% 10.7% 11.0% 7.7% 20.8% 73 PARIS France 10.6% 2.4% 3.7% 19.7% 4.6% 12.0% 11.4% 8.8% 7.1% 19.7% 74 PERTH Australia 8.5% 3.5% 3.2% 18.3% 5.6% 11.8% 10.1% 10.2% 9.4% 19.4% 75 PITTSBURGH United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 76 PRAGUE Czech Republic 13.1% 6.5% 3.9% 18.1% 4.3% 10.6% 9.4% 10.6% 7.5% 16.0% 77 PRETORIA South Africa 17.6% 5.0% 5.0% 11.2% 6.7% 10.9% 15.1% 4.1% 10.1% 14.3% 78 QINGDAO China 24.1% 2.0% 6.4% 14.6% 3.9% 6.2% 4.1% 4.6% 9.7% 24.4% 79 QUITO Ecuador 25.9% 2.1% 6.2% 11.4% 6.8% 7.1% 14.1% 6.0% 8.9% 11.5% 2012/7/ REYKJAVIK Iceland 8.9% 3.0% 3.4% 15.4% 4.9% 12.7% 13.5% 10.9% 9.8% 17.5%

51 Methodology: ICP Weights No City Country r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 5 r 6 r 7 r 8 r 9 r RIGA Latvia RIO DE JANEIRO Brazil 15.5% 2.3% 4.1% 16.3% 5.7% 12.0% 11.9% 4.3% 8.4% 19.5% 83 ROME Italy 12.3% 2.2% 6.6% 17.1% 6.4% 11.8% 11.1% 6.3% 6.5% 19.7% 84 SAN FRANCISCO United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 85 SANTIAGO Chile 16.2% 2.7% 7.1% 15.4% 7.3% 10.6% 13.6% 4.0% 9.0% 14.1% 86 SAO PAULO Brazil 15.5% 2.3% 4.1% 16.3% 5.7% 12.0% 11.9% 4.3% 8.4% 19.5% 87 SEATTLE United States 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 88 SEOUL South Korea 13.7% 2.1% 3.7% 15.1% 3.6% 8.3% 9.7% 6.7% 10.5% 26.6% 89 SHANGHAI China 24.1% 2.0% 6.4% 14.6% 3.9% 6.2% 4.1% 4.6% 9.7% 24.4% 90 SHENZHEN 2012/7/31 China 24.1% 2.0% 6.4% 14.6% 3.9% 6.2% 4.1% 4.6% 9.7% %

52 Methodology: ICP Weights No City Country r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 5 r 6 r 7 r 8 r 9 r SINGAPORE Singapore 8.2% 2.3% 3.5% 14.2% 6.0% 8.4% 16.6% 12.2% 8.0% 20.6% 92 SOFIA Bulgaria 19.5% 3.3% 2.9% 18.1% 3.5% 7.8% 16.1% 5.2% 5.7% 17.9% 93 ST PETERSBURG Russia 25.5% 6.1% 9.4% 9.7% 4.1% 7.7% 10.9% 6.3% 5.7% 14.6% 94 STOCKHOLM Sweden 8.3% 2.4% 3.6% 19.2% 3.6% 11.7% 9.2% 9.7% 10.2% 22.1% 95 SUZHOU China 24.1% 2.0% 6.4% 14.6% 3.9% 6.2% 4.1% 4.6% 9.7% 24.4% 96 SYDNEY Australia 8.5% 3.5% 3.2% 18.3% 5.6% 11.8% 10.1% 10.2% 9.4% 19.4% 97 TAIPEI Taiwan, China 14.8% 2.2% 3.6% 15.1% 5.7% 8.4% 10.1% 8.3% 10.8% 21.0% 98 TALLINN Estonia TEL AVIV Israel 12.9% 2.0% 2.8% 19.3% 5.7% 9.7% 9.6% 7.8% 11.8% 18.4% /7/31 TIANJIN China 24.1% 2.0% 6.4% 14.6% 3.9% 6.2% 4.1% 4.6% 9.7% %

53 Methodology: ICP Weights No City Country r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 5 r 6 r 7 r 8 r 9 r TOKYO Japan 12.3% 2.5% 2.8% 20.4% 4.7% 11.5% 9.0% 7.8% 6.1% 22.9% 102 TORONTO Canada 7.7% 3.2% 3.8% 19.2% 5.0% 11.8% 11.6% 9.1% 7.9% 20.7% 103 VANCOUVER Canada 7.7% 3.2% 3.8% 19.2% 5.0% 11.8% 11.6% 9.1% 7.9% 20.7% 104 VIENNA Austria 8.7% 2.4% 5.2% 16.7% 6.1% 9.8% 10.8% 10.3% 7.8% 22.2% 105 VILNIUS Lithuania WARSAW Poland 17.8% 5.6% 4.0% 20.2% 3.8% 8.7% 7.4% 7.1% 7.9% 17.5% 107 WASHINGTON DC 108 WELLINGTON United States New Zealand 6.2% 2.0% 4.2% 16.0% 4.4% 18.3% 10.6% 8.6% 8.5% 21.2% 11.5% 4.1% 3.7% 18.2% 5.4% 10.1% 11.4% 11.5% 7.3% 16.8% 109 ZURICH Switzerland 9.3% 3.1% 3.5% 20.5% 3.9% 13.3% 6.9% 8.5% 7.9% 23.1% 2012/7/31 53

54 Results: Cost of Living for the Average Resident 1 REYKJAVIK Iceland ZURICH Switzerland OSLO Norway COPENHAGEN Denmark GENEVA Switzerland PARIS France FRANKFURT Germany DUBLIN Ireland HELSINKI Finland TOKYO Japan /7/31 54

55 Results: Cost of Living for the Average Resident 11 STOCKHOLM Sweden NEW YORK United States LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg LONDON Great Britain SYDNEY Australia MILAN Italy OSAKA / KOBE Japan WASHINGTON DC United States MELBOURNE Australia BRUSSELS Belgium /7/31 55

56 Results: Cost of Living for the Average Resident 21 CHICAGO United States LOS ANGELES United States AUCKLAND New Zealand AMSTERDAM Netherlands ROME Italy VIENNA Austria TORONTO Canada PERTH Australia HONOLULU United States BRISBANE Australia /7/31 56

57 Results: Cost of Living for the Average Resident 31 MUNICH Germany VANCOUVER Canada WELLINGTON New Zealand MINNEAPOLIS United States BOSTON United States DUBAI United Arab Emirates 2012/7/ ATLANTA United States MIAMI United States HOUSTON United States SEATTLE United States 83.0

58 Results: Cost of Living for the Average Resident 41 CALGARY Canada SAN FRANCISCO United States BERLIN Germany MONTREAL Canada ADELAIDE Australia LEXINGTON United States MADRID Spain PITTSBURGH United States BARCELONA Spain CLEVELAND United States /7/31 58

59 Results: Cost of Living for the Average Resident 51 DOHA Qatar LISBON Portugal KUWAIT Kuwait ATHENS Greece LYON France DETROIT United States NICOSIA Cyprus TEL AVIV Israel HONG KONG Hong Kong, China SEOUL South Korea /7/31 59

60 Results: Cost of Living for the Average Resident 61 SINGAPORE Singapore LJUBLJANA Slovenia RIGA Latvia MANAMA Bahrain TALLINN Estonia VILNIUS Lithuania JOHANNESBURG South Africa ISTANBUL Turkey MEXICO CITY Mexico SANTIAGO Chile /7/31 60

61 Results: Cost of Living for the Average Resident 71 TAIPEI Taiwan, China PRETORIA South Africa BUDAPEST Hungary AMMAN Jordan SAO PAULO Brazil BEIJING China WARSAW Poland RIO DE JANEIRO Brazil PRAGUE Czech Republic MONTEVIDEO Uruguay /7/31 61

62 Results: Cost of Living for the Average Resident 81 SHANGHAI China CARACAS Venezuela BRATISLAVA Slovakia BUCHAREST Romania KUALA LUMPUR Malaysia BOGOTA Colombia LIMA Peru QUITO Ecuador SHENZHEN China MOSCOW Russia /7/31 62

63 Results: Cost of Living for the Average Resident 91 BUENOS AIRES Argentina QINGDAO China DALIAN China MANILA Philippines BANGKOK Thailand SOFIA Bulgaria JAKARTA Indonesia NAIROBI Kenya GUANGZHOU China TIANJIN China /7/31 63

64 Results: Cost of Living for the Average Resident 101 ST PETERSBURG Russia COLOMBO Sri Lanka MUMBAI India SUZHOU China ASUNCION Paraguay NEW DELHI India CAIRO Egypt BAKU Azerbaijan KIEV Ukraine /7/31 64

65 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Food & Nonalcoholic Beverages 1 TOKYO Japan OSAKA / KOBE Japan REYKJAVIK Iceland OSLO Norway ZURICH Switzerland GENEVA Switzerland COPENHAGEN Denmark SEOUL South Korea DUBLIN Ireland ROME Italy /7/31 65

66 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Food & Nonalcoholic Beverages 11 HELSINKI Finland MONTREAL Canada PARIS France STOCKHOLM Sweden WELLINGTON New Zealand MUNICH Germany LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg AUCKLAND New Zealand LONDON Great Britain MELBOURNE Australia /7/31 66

67 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Food & Nonalcoholic Beverages 21 FRANKFURT Germany BRISBANE Australia VIENNA Austria SYDNEY Australia BRUSSELS Belgium CALGARY Canada MILAN Italy VANCOUVER Canada ADELAIDE Australia PERTH Australia /7/31 67

68 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Food & Nonalcoholic Beverages 31 CHICAGO United States TORONTO Canada HONG KONG Hong Kong, China HONOLULU United States WASHINGTON DC United States NEW YORK United States SAN FRANCISCO United States ATHENS Greece LOS ANGELES United States TAIPEI Taiwan, China /7/31 68

69 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Food & Nonalcoholic Beverages 41 SINGAPORE Singapore CLEVELAND United States MADRID Spain LYON France MINNEAPOLIS United States HOUSTON United States BARCELONA Spain LEXINGTON United States AMSTERDAM Netherlands LISBON Portugal /7/31 69

70 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Food & Nonalcoholic Beverages 51 TEL AVIV Israel BERLIN Germany DETROIT United States ISTANBUL Turkey DUBAI United Arab Emirates SEATTLE United States MIAMI United States CARACAS Venezuela JOHANNESBURG South Africa PRETORIA South Africa /7/31 70

71 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Food & Nonalcoholic Beverages 61 PITTSBURGH United States BUDAPEST Hungary SANTIAGO Chile BOSTON United States NICOSIA Cyprus SHENZHEN China KUWAIT Kuwait BUCHAREST Romania DOHA Qatar ATLANTA United States /7/31 71

72 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Food & Nonalcoholic Beverages 71 SHANGHAI China PRAGUE Czech Republic BOGOTA Colombia MEXICO CITY Mexico WARSAW Poland BRATISLAVA Slovakia KUALA LUMPUR Malaysia AMMAN Jordan DALIAN China NAIROBI Kenya /7/31 72

73 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Food & Nonalcoholic Beverages 81 QINGDAO China LJUBLJANA Slovenia RIO DE JANEIRO Brazil RIGA Latvia MONTEVIDEO Uruguay LIMA Peru SAO PAULO Brazil GUANGZHOU China MANAMA Bahrain QUITO Ecuador /7/31 73

74 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Food & Nonalcoholic Beverages 91 TALLINN Estonia VILNIUS Lithuania BANGKOK Thailand SOFIA Bulgaria MANILA Philippines BEIJING China TIANJIN China JAKARTA Indonesia COLOMBO Sri Lanka MOSCOW Russia /7/31 74

75 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Food & Nonalcoholic Beverages 101 BUENOS AIRES Argentina ST PETERSBURG Russia SUZHOU China CAIRO Egypt BAKU Azerbaijan MUMBAI India NEW DELHI India KIEV Ukraine ASUNCION Paraguay /7/31 75

76 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Alcohol & Tobacco 1 SINGAPORE Singapore OSLO Norway REYKJAVIK Iceland DUBLIN Ireland LONDON Great Britain MELBOURNE Australia CALGARY Canada VANCOUVER Canada SYDNEY Australia ADELAIDE Australia /7/31 76

77 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Alcohol & Tobacco 11 TORONTO Canada AUCKLAND New Zealand PERTH Australia WELLINGTON New Zealand HELSINKI Finland BRISBANE Australia STOCKHOLM Sweden HONG KONG Hong Kong, China MONTREAL Canada NEW YORK United States /7/31 77

78 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Alcohol & Tobacco 21 COPENHAGEN Denmark HONOLULU United States PARIS France LOS ANGELES United States CHICAGO United States DUBAI United Arab Emirates WASHINGTON DC United States BOSTON United States MILAN Italy ROME Italy /7/31 78

79 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Alcohol & Tobacco 31 LYON France KUALA LUMPUR Malaysia ZURICH Switzerland FRANKFURT Germany AMSTERDAM Netherlands SHENZHEN China HOUSTON United States MUNICH Germany BRUSSELS Belgium BERLIN Germany /7/31 79

80 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Alcohol & Tobacco 41 GENEVA Switzerland VIENNA Austria DETROIT United States NICOSIA Cyprus PITTSBURGH United States MINNEAPOLIS United States TOKYO Japan TEL AVIV Israel SEATTLE United States MIAMI United States /7/31 80

81 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Alcohol & Tobacco 51 LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg SAN FRANCISCO United States ATHENS Greece ISTANBUL Turkey CLEVELAND United States ATLANTA United States OSAKA / KOBE Japan BEIJING China SEOUL South Korea LEXINGTON United States /7/31 81

82 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Alcohol & Tobacco 61 LJUBLJANA Slovenia LISBON Portugal COLOMBO Sri Lanka RIGA Latvia MANAMA Bahrain DALIAN China TALLINN Estonia BARCELONA Spain VILNIUS Lithuania MADRID Spain /7/31 82

83 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Alcohol & Tobacco 71 NEW DELHI India JOHANNESBURG South Africa PRETORIA South Africa TAIPEI Taiwan, China MUMBAI India JAKARTA Indonesia TIANJIN China BUDAPEST Hungary PRAGUE Czech Republic BANGKOK Thailand /7/31 83

84 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Alcohol & Tobacco 81 WARSAW Poland SUZHOU China QINGDAO China BRATISLAVA Slovakia AMMAN Jordan GUANGZHOU China SHANGHAI China KUWAIT Kuwait MEXICO CITY Mexico NAIROBI Kenya /7/31 84

85 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Alcohol & Tobacco 91 DOHA Qatar BUCHAREST Romania SANTIAGO Chile LIMA Peru MONTEVIDEO Uruguay CAIRO Egypt BOGOTA Colombia SOFIA Bulgaria QUITO Ecuador MOSCOW Russia /7/31 85

86 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Alcohol & Tobacco 101 CARACAS Venezuela ST PETERSBURG Russia BAKU Azerbaijan SAO PAULO Brazil RIO DE JANEIRO Brazil BUENOS AIRES Argentina MANILA Philippines ASUNCION Paraguay KIEV Ukraine /7/31 86

87 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Clothing 1 REYKJAVIK Iceland OSLO Norway MILAN Italy TOKYO Japan FRANKFURT Germany LOS ANGELES United States OSAKA / KOBE Japan HELSINKI Finland ZURICH Switzerland COPENHAGEN Denmark /7/31 87

88 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Clothing 11 CHICAGO United States MONTREAL Canada STOCKHOLM Sweden VANCOUVER Canada CALGARY Canada AUCKLAND New Zealand LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg GENEVA Switzerland BRUSSELS Belgium SEATTLE United States /7/31 88

89 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Clothing 21 WARSAW Poland KUWAIT Kuwait SYDNEY Australia LONDON Great Britain VIENNA Austria WELLINGTON New Zealand BEIJING China DUBLIN Ireland ATHENS Greece PARIS France /7/31 89

90 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Clothing 31 AMSTERDAM Netherlands PRAGUE Czech Republic BRISBANE Australia MELBOURNE Australia BARCELONA Spain SAO PAULO Brazil MADRID Spain MUNICH Germany SEOUL South Korea BUDAPEST Hungary /7/31 90

91 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Clothing 41 PITTSBURGH United States MIAMI United States WASHINGTON DC United States CARACAS Venezuela LISBON Portugal SHENZHEN China BERLIN Germany BOSTON United States DALIAN China LYON France /7/31 91

92 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Clothing 51 PERTH Australia MOSCOW Russia ATLANTA United States SINGAPORE Singapore ISTANBUL Turkey HOUSTON United States NEW YORK United States BRATISLAVA Slovakia TEL AVIV Israel LEXINGTON United States /7/31 92

93 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Clothing 61 ST PETERSBURG Russia MINNEAPOLIS United States BUCHAREST Romania SANTIAGO Chile JOHANNESBURG South Africa PRETORIA South Africa TIANJIN China DOHA Qatar ROME Italy TORONTO Canada /7/31 93

94 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Clothing 71 HONOLULU United States DUBAI United Arab Emirates MONTEVIDEO Uruguay HONG KONG Hong Kong, China SOFIA Bulgaria SHANGHAI China ADELAIDE Australia BAKU Azerbaijan MEXICO CITY Mexico BOGOTA Colombia /7/31 94

95 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Clothing 81 SAN FRANCISCO United States RIO DE JANEIRO Brazil QINGDAO China DETROIT United States NICOSIA Cyprus TAIPEI Taiwan, China KIEV Ukraine QUITO Ecuador AMMAN Jordan BUENOS AIRES Argentina /7/31 95

96 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Clothing 91 LJUBLJANA Slovenia LIMA Peru RIGA Latvia ASUNCION Paraguay KUALA LUMPUR Malaysia MANAMA Bahrain CLEVELAND United States GUANGZHOU China TALLINN Estonia VILNIUS Lithuania /7/31 96

97 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Clothing 101 BANGKOK Thailand SUZHOU China MANILA Philippines NAIROBI Kenya NEW DELHI India CAIRO Egypt JAKARTA Indonesia COLOMBO Sri Lanka MUMBAI India /7/31 97

98 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Housing Rents & Utilities 1 DOHA Qatar PARIS France ZURICH Switzerland GENEVA Switzerland KUWAIT Kuwait COPENHAGEN Denmark REYKJAVIK Iceland NEW YORK United States DUBLIN Ireland HONOLULU United States /7/31 98

99 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Housing Rents & Utilities FRANKFURT TOKYO Germany Japan AUCKLAND BOSTON United New Zealand States BRUSSELS HELSINKI Belgium Finland SYDNEY SEATTLE United Australia States STOCKHOLM CHICAGO United Sweden States LUXEMBOURG BERLIN Luxembourg Germany HONG OSLO KONG Hong Norway Kong, China AMSTERDAM MIAMI United Netherlands States ATLANTA AMMAN United Jordan States OSAKA DUBAI / KOBE United Arab Japan Emirates /7/31 99

100 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Housing Rents & Utilities 21 FRANKFURT Germany AUCKLAND New Zealand BRUSSELS Belgium SEATTLE United States STOCKHOLM Sweden BERLIN Germany OSLO Norway MIAMI United States AMMAN Jordan OSAKA / KOBE Japan /7/31 100

101 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Housing Rents & Utilities 31 PERTH Australia BRISBANE Australia MUNICH Germany ROME Italy LOS ANGELES United States NICOSIA Cyprus MELBOURNE Australia SINGAPORE Singapore HOUSTON United States WELLINGTON New Zealand /7/31 101

102 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Housing Rents & Utilities 41 MADRID Spain LONDON Great Britain VANCOUVER Canada MILAN Italy MONTREAL Canada BARCELONA Spain VIENNA Austria SAN FRANCISCO United States LJUBLJANA Slovenia LEXINGTON United States /7/31 102

103 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Housing Rents & Utilities 51 WASHINGTON DC United States RIGA Latvia MINNEAPOLIS United States MANAMA Bahrain MEXICO CITY Mexico TORONTO Canada TALLINN Estonia ATHENS Greece VILNIUS Lithuania TAIPEI Taiwan, China /7/31 103

104 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Housing Rents & Utilities 61 SEOUL South Korea DETROIT United States PITTSBURGH United States TEL AVIV Israel LISBON Portugal ADELAIDE Australia RIO DE JANEIRO Brazil KUALA LUMPUR Malaysia CALGARY Canada CLEVELAND United States /7/31 104

105 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Housing Rents & Utilities 71 LYON France MONTEVIDEO Uruguay BEIJING China SAO PAULO Brazil SANTIAGO Chile PRETORIA South Africa TIANJIN China QINGDAO China JOHANNESBURG South Africa JAKARTA Indonesia /7/31 105

106 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Housing Rents & Utilities 81 SHANGHAI China SUZHOU China QUITO Ecuador MANILA Philippines BUCHAREST Romania PRAGUE Czech Republic ISTANBUL Turkey BUDAPEST Hungary WARSAW Poland BRATISLAVA Slovakia /7/31 106

107 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Housing Rents & Utilities 91 BUENOS AIRES Argentina GUANGZHOU China CARACAS Venezuela SHENZHEN China BOGOTA Colombia LIMA Peru DALIAN China NEW DELHI India BANGKOK Thailand SOFIA Bulgaria /7/31 107

108 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Housing Rents & Utilities 101 CAIRO Egypt MUMBAI India MOSCOW Russia COLOMBO Sri Lanka ASUNCION Paraguay NAIROBI Kenya ST PETERSBURG Russia KIEV Ukraine BAKU Azerbaijan /7/31 108

109 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Household Supplies & Domestic Help 1 REYKJAVIK Iceland OSAKA / KOBE Japan PERTH Australia TOKYO Japan PARIS France OSLO Norway COPENHAGEN Denmark ZURICH Switzerland MILAN Italy GENEVA Switzerland /7/31 109

110 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Household Supplies & Domestic Help 11 CHICAGO United States AUCKLAND New Zealand STOCKHOLM Sweden VANCOUVER Canada FRANKFURT Germany CALGARY Canada NEW YORK United States BRISBANE Australia DUBLIN Ireland HELSINKI Finland /7/31 110

111 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Household Supplies & Domestic Help 21 SYDNEY Australia WELLINGTON New Zealand LONDON Great Britain BOSTON United States ADELAIDE Australia LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg BRUSSELS Belgium BARCELONA Spain TORONTO Canada VIENNA Austria /7/31 111

112 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Household Supplies & Domestic Help 31 MADRID Spain WASHINGTON DC United States MONTREAL Canada MELBOURNE Australia MUNICH Germany DUBAI United Arab Emirates ATHENS Greece AMSTERDAM Netherlands SINGAPORE Singapore ROME Italy /7/31 112

113 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Household Supplies & Domestic Help 41 LOS ANGELES United States SAN FRANCISCO United States LISBON Portugal MINNEAPOLIS United States DETROIT United States HONG KONG Hong Kong, China CLEVELAND United States MIAMI United States TAIPEI Taiwan, China LEXINGTON United States /7/31 113

114 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Household Supplies & Domestic Help 51 PITTSBURGH United States TEL AVIV Israel JOHANNESBURG South Africa SEATTLE United States PRETORIA South Africa NICOSIA Cyprus LYON France SANTIAGO Chile BERLIN Germany PRAGUE Czech Republic /7/31 114

115 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Household Supplies & Domestic Help 61 CARACAS Venezuela ATLANTA United States LJUBLJANA Slovenia RIO DE JANEIRO Brazil RIGA Latvia WARSAW Poland HONOLULU United States BUDAPEST Hungary BRATISLAVA Slovakia DALIAN China /7/31 115

116 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Household Supplies & Domestic Help 71 ISTANBUL Turkey SEOUL South Korea KUWAIT Kuwait MANAMA Bahrain BEIJING China TALLINN Estonia SHANGHAI China VILNIUS Lithuania MONTEVIDEO Uruguay SAO PAULO Brazil /7/31 116

117 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Household Supplies & Domestic Help 81 MOSCOW Russia HOUSTON United States AMMAN Jordan ST PETERSBURG Russia MEXICO CITY Mexico BUCHAREST Romania SHENZHEN China DOHA Qatar KUALA LUMPUR Malaysia GUANGZHOU China /7/31 117

118 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Household Supplies & Domestic Help 91 BUENOS AIRES Argentina LIMA Peru SOFIA Bulgaria BANGKOK Thailand BOGOTA Colombia BAKU Azerbaijan MUMBAI India TIANJIN China KIEV Ukraine QINGDAO China /7/31 118

119 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Household Supplies & Domestic Help 101 SUZHOU China QUITO Ecuador COLOMBO Sri Lanka MANILA Philippines NEW DELHI India JAKARTA Indonesia ASUNCION Paraguay NAIROBI Kenya CAIRO Egypt /7/31 119

120 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Personal Care & Doctor s Fees 1 NEW YORK United States CHICAGO United States MIAMI United States REYKJAVIK Iceland DUBAI United Arab Emirates MINNEAPOLIS United States WASHINGTON DC United States HOUSTON United States LOS ANGELES United States ZURICH Switzerland /7/31 120

121 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Personal Care & Doctor s Fees 11 HONOLULU United States COPENHAGEN Denmark OSLO Norway MILAN Italy CALGARY Canada GENEVA Switzerland SAN FRANCISCO United States NICOSIA Cyprus PITTSBURGH United States FRANKFURT Germany /7/31 121

122 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Personal Care & Doctor s Fees 21 PARIS France CLEVELAND United States DUBLIN Ireland HELSINKI Finland SEATTLE United States TORONTO Canada STOCKHOLM Sweden MELBOURNE Australia BOSTON United States LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg /7/31 122

123 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Personal Care & Doctor s Fees 31 LJUBLJANA Slovenia RIGA Latvia BRISBANE Australia SYDNEY Australia MANAMA Bahrain ATLANTA United States LONDON Great Britain BRUSSELS Belgium ADELAIDE Australia MONTREAL Canada /7/31 123

124 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Personal Care & Doctor s Fees 41 TALLINN Estonia ROME Italy PERTH Australia VILNIUS Lithuania DETROIT United States VIENNA Austria VANCOUVER Canada WELLINGTON New Zealand AUCKLAND New Zealand AMSTERDAM Netherlands /7/31 124

125 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Personal Care & Doctor s Fees 51 LEXINGTON United States LISBON Portugal MUNICH Germany BERLIN Germany BARCELONA Spain LYON France OSAKA / KOBE Japan TOKYO Japan MADRID Spain ATHENS Greece /7/31 125

126 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Personal Care & Doctor s Fees 61 TEL AVIV Israel KUWAIT Kuwait MEXICO CITY Mexico DOHA Qatar ISTANBUL Turkey PRETORIA South Africa JOHANNESBURG South Africa HONG KONG Hong Kong, China SANTIAGO Chile SEOUL South Korea /7/31 126

127 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Personal Care & Doctor s Fees 71 BUDAPEST Hungary SINGAPORE Singapore SAO PAULO Brazil MONTEVIDEO Uruguay PRAGUE Czech Republic CARACAS Venezuela RIO DE JANEIRO Brazil WARSAW Poland BRATISLAVA Slovakia LIMA Peru /7/31 127

128 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Personal Care & Doctor s Fees 81 AMMAN Jordan BOGOTA Colombia BUCHAREST Romania BUENOS AIRES Argentina JAKARTA Indonesia TAIPEI Taiwan, China QUITO Ecuador ST PETERSBURG Russia SOFIA Bulgaria KUALA LUMPUR Malaysia /7/31 128

129 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Personal Care & Doctor s Fees 91 MANILA Philippines MOSCOW Russia ASUNCION Paraguay NAIROBI Kenya SHANGHAI China BANGKOK Thailand KIEV Ukraine BAKU Azerbaijan COLOMBO Sri Lanka GUANGZHOU China /7/31 129

130 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Personal Care & Doctor s Fees 101 DALIAN China QINGDAO China MUMBAI India BEIJING China CAIRO Egypt SHENZHEN China SUZHOU China TIANJIN China NEW DELHI India /7/31 130

131 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Transport 1 OSLO Norway COPENHAGEN Denmark REYKJAVIK Iceland HELSINKI Finland STOCKHOLM Sweden FRANKFURT Germany LONDON Great Britain AMSTERDAM Netherlands ZURICH Switzerland DUBLIN Ireland /7/31 131

132 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Transport 11 GENEVA Switzerland PARIS France VIENNA Austria VANCOUVER Canada ROME Italy BERLIN Germany BRUSSELS Belgium SYDNEY Australia MELBOURNE Australia LISBON Portugal /7/31 132

133 Cost of Living for the Average Resident: Transport 21 TEL AVIV Israel ISTANBUL Turkey OSAKA / KOBE Japan TOKYO Japan LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg BARCELONA Spain MILAN Italy AUCKLAND New Zealand MADRID Spain LYON France /7/31 133

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