Ford, Carter, & Reagan Administrations
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1 Ford, Carter, & Reagan Administrations
2 SWBAT Explain Ford & Carter s domestic and foreign policies Do Now: How was a shadow cast on Nixon s presidency?
3 How did Ford become President? While Watergate was underway, Nixon s VP- Spiro Agnew resigned after being charged with income tax evasion Nixon appointed House of Representatives minority leader, Gerald Ford, as VP Nixon resigned (avoiding impeachment) Ford takes office as President
4 Gerald Ford ( ) 1 st non-elected President in US history when Nixon resigned in 1974 Ford pardoned President Nixon
5 Domestic Policy Offered amnesty to men who avoided military & violated draft laws during Vietnam War Addressed inflation after OPEC placed oil embargo on US for support of Israel Price of oil & gas in US doubles Worst recession since Great Depression
6 Foreign Policy Henry Kissinger (foreign policy advisor) worked with Ford on his foreign policy objectives ended oil embargo continued policy of détente with Soviet Union oversaw withdrawal of US troops & end of the Vietnam War
7 Election of 1976
8 James Jimmy Carter ( ) Appealed to American sense of honesty & integrity wanted to return to down home values Domestic Policy: - Stagflation - inflation of oil prices mixed with stagnation of economy & high unemployment
9 Domestic Policy - Energy Problems- US leading consumer of energy trade deficit (import more than we export) Carter implemented new energy plan (conserve, protect, & develop alternatives- nuclear)
10 Domestic Policy - Corporate Bailouts- corporations hard-hit by inflation & decline in consumer purchasing faced possible bankruptcy (incl. layoffs) federal government authorized massive loans to keep them in business
11 Domestic Policy - Environmental Problems: 1. Three Mile Island- nuclear accident in Pennsylvania 2. Acid Rain 3. Toxic Waste
12 Foreign Policy 1. Camp David Accords, 1977: Egyptian President (Sadat) met with Israeli Prime Minister (Begin) at Camp David, MD agreed to peace treaty Egypt recognized Israel as a state & Israel withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula
13 Foreign Policy 2. Helsinki Accords, US & other nations agree to respect basic human rights - withhold aid from nations that violate human rights
14 Foreign Policy 3. Iran Hostage Crisis, Iranian fundamentalists overthrew pro- American Shah (leader of Iran) Shah came to US - Islamic fundamentalists struck back seizing the US embassy & holding 50+ Americans hostage for more than a year - rescue mission unsuccessful - finally released on day of Reagan s inauguration
15 Foreign Policy 4. Problems with Détente: - Soviets invaded Afghanistan US stopped grain shipments to Soviet Union & boycotted the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow
16 1980 Election
17 Ronald Reagan ( ) Republican, Conservative Regan Revolution - reflects a smaller federal government
18 New Federalism Reagan supports policy started by Nixon Turns over government control of social programs to states Supports tax cuts for businesses, balanced budget, & increased spending for national defense
19 Domestic Policy 1. Supply-Side Economics (AKA Reaganomics)- cut taxes for business & wealthy $ would be reinvested into new businesses giving people jobs **Similar to trickle-down theory!
20 Domestic Policy 2. Balanced Budget- cut social welfare programs (Medicare/Medicaid) & federal taxes, spend $ on defense unable to balance the budget 3. SDI/ Star Wars - send satellites into space to shoot down incoming Soviet missiles cost too much = fails
21 Domestic Policy 4. Immigration- Immigrant Reform & Control Act - GOAL = stop illegal immigration - makes it illegal to hire illegal immigrants
22 Domestic Policy 5. Trade Deficit- imports more goods than exports - $150 billion trade deficit in 1984
23 Foreign Policy 1. Détente Reagan questioned détente; felt anticommunist & anti-soviet Union - 2 nd termrenews détente
24 Foreign Policy 2. Soviet Union- Gorbachev comes to power relations with SU improve b/c of policies of Glasnost & Perestroika - Glasnost- political openness & freedom - Perestroika- restructure economy & allow capitalism
25 Foreign Policy 3. Intervention in Central America- - El Salvador- sent arms & advisors to back anticommunist forces in a civil war - Nicaragua- Marxists came to power democratically & accepted aid from Cuba and Soviets Reagan sends aid to Contras (anticommunist rebels)
26 Foreign Policy - Grenada- Reagan sent in troops to prevent a potential communist revolution
27 Foreign Policy 4. Iran-Contra Affair, Step 1- Presidential aids secretly authorize arms sales to Iran (in return Iran was to influence other nations holding US hostages) - Step 2- $ made from selling those weapons secretly went to the Contras (against Congress wishes)
28 Foreign Policy 5. Middle East & Terrorism- increase in random acts of terrorism; 300+ American marines were bombed in Lebanon 6. South Africa- US imposed strict economic sanctions on South Africa in response to apartheid
29 Wrap Up In the 1970s, the US faced many environmental problems. What steps did Nixon & Carter take to resolve these problems? Do any of these problems persist today? Explain. How was Carter s presidency influenced by the shadow of Nixon s?
30 Wrap Up Why do you think Reagan supported New Federalism? To what extent and in what ways did the Reagan Revolution constitute a challenge to the elements of the New Deal and Great Society? How effectively did the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 deal with the problems of illegal aliens in our nation? Explain.
31 Jimmy Carter's Presidency Iranian Hostage Crisis Newsreport
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