WMO CCl TT on Use of Remote Sensing Data for Climate Monitoring. Rainer Hollmann DWD

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1 WMO CCl TT on Use of Remote Sensing Data for Climate Monitoring 2 nd IPET SUP meeting Rainer Hollmann DWD 24 th February 2016

2 WMO CCl and OPACE s Commission for Climatology

3 TT URSDCM: composition and ToR Task Team on Use of Remote Sensing Data for Climate Monitoring (TT-URSDCM) OPACE 2: Climate Monitoring and Assessment Co leads: Rainer Hollmann, (Germany) & Brian Wardlow, (USA) Member: Matilde Rusticucci (Argentina), Yuriy Kuleshov (Australia), Saviz Sehat (Iran), N.N. (South Africa) Terms of References Promote the use and assess the suitability in climatology of space-based data, radar data and data from other remote sensing platforms; Work closely with the WMO Space Programme, CBS, CIMO and GCOS on developing guidance for NMHSs and other user entities to benefit from remote sensing data and products and be able to properly and practically use them for climate analysis and monitoring and for the development of improved climate services.

4 TT URSDCM: activities Summary of Activities of TT (2015/2016) Hold 2Teleconfs with members in January 2015 and February 2016 to discuss and review ToR / workplan Established relation with WMO CCl Expert Team on Education and Training. Provided RA VI input (other WMO Regions: nil response so far) Meeting with WMO Secretariat to prepare draft work plan for TT With support of WMO Secretariat and by invitation of SAWS organisation of TT face-to-face meeting in Pretoria EUMETSAT / CM SAF organised the 6 th trainings workshop in Pretoria with focus on climate (and African NMHSs) J. Schulz has been nominated focal point from CGMS Pretoria meeting, June 2015

5 TT workplan: overview Workplan: 3 main pillars RADAR climatologies Satellite climatologies Lighting climatologies What is available? What is needed? Collect information on the use of Radar data Discuss requirements Using the ECV Inventory as basic information Collect potential ICDRs Collect information on the use of lightning detection data Discuss opportunities What are the lessons learnt? Communicate lessons learnt to NHMSs Communicate applicable satellite CDRs to NCMFP Communicate best practises 5

6 TT workplan: Satellite Matters (I) discuss suitable satellite-based datasets and products for the annual WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climate publication series, and beyond. Familiarise with the WMO Statement on the Status of the Global Climate publication series ( and provide recommendations for the enhanced use of satellite-based data sets and products. Review and consolidate where necessary criteria relevant to operational climate monitoring and assess the existing ECV inventory of satellite climate data records, identifying those suitable for operational climate monitoring and communicating the applicable satellite climate data records to national climate monitoring focal points Identify satellite climate data records not fulfilling all criteria for operational climate monitoring, but needed by Members and communicate relevant requirements to the CGMS focal points. Collect examples and assess the suitability for operational climate monitoring of satellite-based products, which are based on a combination of ECVs and/or non ECVs. Communicate applicable product examples to the national climate monitoring focal points. 6

7 TT workplan: Satellite Matters (II) Status ECV inventory assessment delayed, waiting of update of ECV inventory Identified and assessed available satellite-based tools and products or the drought component of climate monitoring. Criteria for selection included that the tool/products are either operationally-available globally or had the potential to be expanded globally. Remote sensing tools include e.g.: Vegetation Drought Response Index (VegDRI) U.S. and Canada Evaporative Stress Index (ESI) currently expanding to global coverage GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) currently expanding to global coverage

8 TT workplan: Radar Climatologies (I) Current State in Europe Germany observation network upgrade to dual-pole Doppler-systems (also in UK) RADOLAN (Radar-Online-Adjustment) project accomplished Ongoing Project on the Compilation of a decadal radar-based high resolution precipitation climatology for Germany to assess recent changes of extreme behavior of precipitation and corrections of radar data based on gauge data Plans: non-permanent spoke corrections, season-dependent distance corrections, intensity-dependent corrections, Weather Extremity Index France (Tabary et al. 2012) Reanalysis of quantitative precipitation estimation over France ( )

9 TT workplan: Radar Climatologies (II) Current State UK and Ireland (Fairman et al. 2015) Radar-based rainfall climatology ( ): analysis of annually average precipitation totals and precipitation frequency Netherlands (Overeem et al. 2009) 10-year radar-based climatology of rainfall: exceedance probabilities, maximum rainfall depths, mean annual rainfall frequencies, spatial correlations; development of a new adjustment method combining mean-field bias and spatial adjustment achieving good results Switzerland (Rudolph et al. 2009) Radar-based climatology of high precipitation events in the European Alps ( ): seasonal analysis of frequency and interval

10 TT workplan: Ligthning Climatologies (I) Current State Australia Long-term lightning observations obtained by space-based detectors (OTD and LIS) and ground-based lightning detection counters (LDCs) used for preparing a comprehensive lightning climatology for the Australian Region

11 GCOS CLIMATE MONITORING PRINCIPLES Effective monitoring systems for climate should adhere to the following principles*: 1. The impact of new systems or changes to existing systems should be assessed prior to implementation. 2. A suitable period of overlap for new and old observing systems is required. 3. The details and history of local conditions, instruments, operating procedures, data processing algorithms and other factors pertinent to interpreting data (i.e., metadata) should be documented and treated with the same care as the data themselves. 4. The quality and homogeneity of data should be regularly assessed as a part of routine operations. 5. Consideration of the needs for environmental and climate-monitoring products and assessments, such as IPCC assessments, should be integrated into national, regional and global observing priorities. 6. Operation of historically-uninterrupted stations and observing systems should be maintained. 11

12 GCOS CLIMATE MONITORING PRINCIPLES 7. High priority for additional observations should be focused on data-poor regions, poorly observed parameters, regions sensitive to change, and key measurements with inadequate temporal resolution. 8. Long-term requirements, including appropriate sampling frequencies, should be specified to network designers, operators and instrument engineers at the outset of system design and implementation. 9. The conversion of research observing systems to long-term operations in a carefully-planned manner should be promoted. 10. Data management systems that facilitate access, use and interpretation of data and products should be included as essential elements of climate monitoring systems. adopted by COP/UNFCCC (decision 5/CP.5 )at COP-5 in adopted by Cg-XIV, Resolution 9 (2003), by CEOS 17 th Plenary 2003; and adopted by COP (decision 11/CP.9 )at COP-9 in

13 GCOS CLIMATE MONITORING PRINCIPLES Furthermore, operators of satellite systems for monitoring climate need to: (a) Take steps to make radiance calibration, calibration-monitoring and satellite-tosatellite cross-calibration of the full operational constellation a part of the operational satellite system; and (b) Take steps to sample the Earth system in such a way that climate-relevant (diurnal, seasonal, and long-term interannual) changes can be resolved. Thus satellite systems for climate monitoring should adhere to the following specific principles: 11. Constant sampling within the diurnal cycle (minimizing the effects of orbital decay and orbit drift) should be maintained. 12. A suitable period of overlap for new and old satellite systems should be ensured for a period adequate to determine inter-satellite biases and maintain the homogeneity and consistency of time-series observations. 13. Continuity of satellite measurements (i.e. elimination of gaps in the long-term record) through appropriate launch and orbital strategies should be ensured. adopted by COP/UNFCCC (decision 5/CP.5 )at COP-5 in adopted by Cg-XIV, Resolution 9 (2003), by CEOS 17 th Plenary 2003; and adopted by COP (decision 11/CP.9 )at COP-9 in

14 GCOS CLIMATE MONITORING PRINCIPLES 14. Rigorous pre-launch instrument characterization and calibration, including radiance confirmation against an international radiance scale provided by a national metrology institute, should be ensured. 15. On-board calibration adequate for climate system observations should be ensured and associated instrument characteristics monitored. 16. Operational production of priority climate products should be sustained and peer-reviewed new products should be introduced as appropriate. 17. Data systems needed to facilitate user access to climate products, metadata and raw data, including key data for delayed-mode analysis, should be established and maintained. 18. Use of functioning baseline instruments that meet the calibration and stability requirements stated above should be maintained for as long as possible, even when these exist on decommissioned satellites. 19. Complementary in situ baseline observations for satellite measurements should be maintained through appropriate activities and cooperation. 20. Random errors and time-dependent biases in satellite observations and derived products should be identified. 14

Climate Observations in Germany

Climate Observations in Germany Stefan Rösner Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) Head Division Regional Climate Monitoring Deputy GCOS German Coordinator Enhancing observations GCOS/IPCC/UNFCCC Workshop 10-12