Chapter Two Western Asia and Egypt BC
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1 Chapter Two Western Asia and Egypt BC earch?q=fertile+crescent+and+a ncient+egypt&view=detail&id=b DB A8A95BFF B A4BB42&first=0&FOR M=IDFRIR
2 Civilization Begins in Mesopotamia Mesopotamia = the land between the rivers Tigris-Euphrates River Valley Little rain, but rivers provided silt and irrigation capability Three general empires Sumer Akkad Babylon CD8EF24325FAF2D6AAB B1&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR
3 Polytheism Grows in Mesopotamia ew=detail&id=6c292732bf1d7193f29b00fc0c7b9dd141210f4d&f irst=0&form=idfrir Polytheism = many gods Harsh climate, famine led people to call on help from gods in nature Ziggurats (temples) built to honor the god of a city
4 The Sumerians Walled cities like Ur featured buildings of clay bricks Theocracy develops government by divine rulers Farming was supported by trade and industry Copper, gold, and silver all in use for jewelry and tools Traded as far away as India and the Mediterranean Sea Invented the wheel for work purposes Three groups of people Nobles Commoners Slaves 6EF96887B52FB3ABB0053A53D63F90A09&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR
5 Sumerian Creativity &view=detail&id=9e58bdd18f8879ecfa471b053f F99C&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR Developed cuneiform writing Pointed stylus marked on clay tablets Dried tablets became permanent records Scribes became powerful people as the record-keepers Wagon wheel transported goods Potter s wheel helped make containers First to develop bronze Number system based on 60 Geometry and astronomy began here
6 Empires Develop in Mesopotamia Sumerian city-states fought and conquered each other First great empire called Akkad, led by Sargon (2340 BC) Babylon develops by 1792 BC Hammurabi rules in 1750 s BC First written law codes developed under Hammurabi s rule +law+code&view=detail&id=39e60ac1c1f3135f96a44f1 332B4CA15DCC3A6B8&first=30&FORM=IDFRIR
7 Egyptian Civilization Develops Along the Nile River Northern river delta called Lower Egypt Upstream area farther south called Upper Egypt Protected by the desert and the Red Sea, people faced less warfare than Mesopotamians Nile flooding brought water and silt to the desert detail&id=727fb4f9128d747e1641c91fa9dd63a0b765925b&first=30 &FORM=IDFRIR
8 Egyptian Religion Polytheistic gods, associated with natural forces Sun god (Amon-Re) was source of life (Pictured) Pharaoh s (rulers) claimed to be descended from Amon-Re River and land gods Osiris and Isis also very important =amonre&view=detail&id=58d2191b3870b9f 353ACA3613AADE1894FB5E4F2&first= 90&FORM=IDFRIR
9 Three Egyptian Kingdoms Old Kingdom ( BC) Middle Kingdom ( BC) New Kingdom ( BC) arch?q=old+middle+and+new+kin gdoms+of+ancient+egypt&view= detail&id=75c197b99f e 22F0D096273D C&first =30&FORM=IDFRIR
10 Old Kingdom Pharaoh ruled with the help of his vizier Claimed divine power Pyramids built in this period as tombs for the pharaohs Egyptians believed they had two bodies Physical one Spiritual one called ka (Symbol pictured) an+ka&view=detail&id=f9c1d f590d FFC6B366AE71F2E8A43285&first=0&FORM=ID FRIR
11 Pyramids Built at Giza detail&id=53acf3e7942fa3c4d3a1bd f69d8319&first =90&FORM=IDFRIR The Great Pyramid built for Khufu around 2540 BC How it was built is still a mystery Great Sphinx is statue guarding the pyramids Symbol of royal power in Old Kingdom
12 Middle Kingdom Developed after 150 years of instability Conquered Nubia to the south Armies sent into Palestine and Syria Traded along east coast of Mediterranean and down the Red Sea to Ethiopia Pharaohs concentrated on helping people by building canals and draining swampland to farm more ptian+irrigation&view=detail&id=570d535f6b586f81 878A7C957D0335D89C612D23&first=0&FORM=IDFRI R
13 New Kingdom Hyksos conquered Middle Kingdom and ruled for 100 years Horse drawn chariots and bronze weapons were too tough to match Driven out by pharaohs by 1550 BC Egypt becomes most powerful empire in SW Asia Akhenaten failed to change major god to Aten and destroy worship of the others Ramses II reasserts Egypt s power in 1200s BC (Pictured) Sea Peoples push Egyptians out of the Middle East, and Kingdom collapses soon thereafter =ramses&view=detail&id=9a07fa D30CC4A9237BDB7F764AD70AA &first=0&form=idfrir
14 Life in Ancient Egypt Layered society for thousands of years Pharaoh Nobles and Priests Merchants, artisans, scribes, and tax collectors Peasant farmers Positive attitude about life Men ruled families, but women and children were not poorly treated mid&view=detail&id=b936ac13afc25bc4bdf90fbcdc8136cb 90F5536C&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR
15 Egyptian Accomplishments Invented hieroglyphic writing system Wrote on papyrus reeds made into paper Great architectural advances like the pyramids 365 day calendar Embalming and other medical expertise ail&id= ede8275c fa6b2c811ba66e4&first=150& FORM=IDFRIR
16 Other Groups of Peoples in the SW Asian Region Still numerous nomadic people on the fringes of the civilized areas during this time period Hittites were first Indo-Europeans to use iron ( BC) Phoenicians were great sea traders on Mediterranean and invented the alphabet Israelites ruled present day Israel- Palestine from about 1200 BC to 586 BC Northern tribes overrun by Assyrians in 722 BC Southern tribes overrun by Chaldeans (Neo-Babylonians) in 586 BC and removed from the land in the Diaspora &view=detail&id=6df6f6cf2c67c80b346c3dac1643bffa3303fc 18&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR
17 Judaism First Monotheistic Faith C8EBB6379A418FF2330BDF7534C86DE2E4&first=90&FORM=IDF RIR Believed in one God Believed they had a covenant (contract) based on their belief in Him Torah provided the basic rules of the Jewish faith Age of prophecy developed as Assyrians and Chaldeans challenged the Jewish empire
18 New Empires Near the End of This Time Period Assyrians ruled from the southern part of Turkey around 700 BC to 612 BC Most famous ruler Ashurbanipal Built world s first library at Nineveh Great warriors with large armies equipped with iron weapons Used terror to promote their rule Defeated by Chaldeans in 612 BC Their most famous ruler was Nebuchadnezzar in city of Babylon Fell to the Persians in 539 BC view=detail&id=e77feab001ed9b e9fea B717&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR
19 Persians Move Westward to Conquer Middle East Cyrus the Great captures Babylon in 539 (pictured) His son Cambyses conquered Egypt Darius I conquered Thrace and fought the Greeks between 521 and 486 BC Created satrapies and established the Royal Road and the Immortals Eventually conquered by Alexander the Great of Greece st=0&form=idfrir
20 Zoroastrianism Persian religion Ahuramazda was the god Evil spirit Ahriman opposed him (pictured) Humans had free will to support one or the other Supporters of Ahuramazda believed they would go to heaven etail&id=2b f60a091b07e d63107de AA&first=0&FORM=IDFRIR
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