Bio-energy with Carbon Capture and Storage

Transcription

1 Bio-energy with Carbon Capture and Storage Group 8: Manouchehr Nadjafi, Johannes Tıefenthaler, Chia Ling Yang, David Küchler, Raphael Röthlisberger, Christoph Lüthi, Franziska Steinberger Group th May

2 Outline 1. Can BECCS mitigate climate change? Resources and potential estimation Conflicts and synergies Climate Change Mitigation Challenges to overcome 2. How could BECCS be implemented? Stakeholder Analysis SWOT Analysis Technologies and Value Chain Group

3 Resources on Global Scale IEA, Key World Energy Statistics 2015 IPCC (2012), Special report: Renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation Group

4 Technical Potential in 2050 EJ/y 1200 Technical potential Primary energy consumption High estimate Energy corps on surplus land Agricultural residues Animal manure Low estimate Energy crops on degraded land Forest residues Organic waste Hoogwijka et al Offermann, Seidenberger et al Group

5 Economic Potential in 2050 Assumption: 1. short rotation crops in commercial large scale plantation 2. On abandoned agricultural and rest land EJ/y at 2 Dollars/GJ (currently lower price of coal energy) Hoogwijk et al Group

6 Conflicts and Synergies Conflicts Protected areas Water Quality (Fertilizers/Pesticides) Soil erosion Energy vs. Food Synergies Reforestation Projects New jobs Higher value for Biomass Biowaste Management Property rights Seleshi B. Awulachew, Michael Abebe et al Group

7 Stakeholder Analysis employees neighbours builders Waste producers: Households Gardening Gastronomy Farmers Industries Biowaste collector Biogas plant Gas cleaning station Investors shareholders Sewage system NGO s Politics scientists Gas grid End-users: industry households CO2 Export CO2 storage Industry Power-to-gas CO2 demand Group

8 Stakeholder Analysis on BECCS supporting weak Employees Safe working place Good conditions of employement Biowaste collector Econimical collection Waste producer Get rid of waste Carma/Scientists Explore knowhow Estimate potential and feasability of CCS Politics Compliance of protocols (e.g. Paris) Prevent economic damage Public Healthy environment Low life costs Suitable geographical locations for CCS strong Neighbours NGO s Gas producers Intact neighbourhood No noise/traffic/ste nch Avoid destruction of environment Reduction of CO2 Preservation of biodiversity Maximize profit CCS means additional cost opposing Group

9 Role of BECCS in Climate Change Mitigation Fuss et al. nature climate change, 2014, 4, Group

10 Four Components of Consistent Negative Emission narratives Fuss et al. nature climate change, 2014, 4, Group

11 SWOT Analysis Sources: IPCC (2014), Assessment report 5, Mitigation: Appendix Bioenergy; Global CCS Institute: Global status of BECCS projects 2010 Group

12 Potential Conversion Technologies for Biomass IPCC (2012), Special report: Renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation Group

13 Technology Combination Biomass Conversion (combustion & gasification) Co-firing with Coals Pulverized coal combustion Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) Dedicated biomass combustion Bubbling fluidized bed Circulating fluidized bed Fixed grate Dedicated biomass gasification Bubbling fluidized bed Circulating fluidized bed Dual fluidized bed Entrained flow Fuss et al. nature climate change, 2014, 4, CO2 capture Post-combustion Oxy-combustion Pre-combustion Group

14 Feasibility of each Combination of bio-energy Post-combustion Oxy-combustion Pre-combustion Coal IGCC (Gasification) X X V Pulverized Coal Combustion V V X Dedicated Biomass Combustion V V X Dedicated Biomass Gasification X X V Fuss et al. nature climate change, 2014, 4, Group

15 Value Chain CCS with oil/coal Coal/ fuel extraction and refining Coal/fuel transport Coal/fuel Combustion CO 2 Capture CO 2 Storage & Transport CO 2 Reservoir Storage Source: carbon-capture-and-storage-value-chain CCS with bioenergy Biomaterial cultivation and harvest/ collection Biomaterial transport Biomaterial Fermentati on or other treatment Biofuel Combustion CO 2 Capture CO 2 Storage & Transport CO 2 Reservoir Storage Group

16 Conclusion (message map) Can BECCS mitigate climate change? Sufficient Global Resources Technology is available - Advanced agriculture Negative Emission - Geological - Low price storage - Accessibility worldwide - Advanced separation - Proved technology - Public and political support - Paris agreement (2 C) - Lack of suitable alternative YES Group

17 Thank you Questions? Group

18 Four Dimensions of Uncertainty (Climate Change Mitigation) 1. Physical constraints on BECCS a. Sustainability b. Storage 2. Response of natural land and ocean carbon sinks to NE; 3. Costs and financing of an untested technology; 4. Socio-institutional barriers. Group