Welcome to Productivity Quality, Inc. PRODUCTIVITY QUALITY, INC. ADVANCED INSPECTION SERVICES, LLC (AIS) - A Division of PQI. Thread Gage Seminar
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1 Welcome to Productivity Quality, Inc. PRODUCTIVITY QUALITY, INC. ADVANCED INSPECTION SERVICES, LLC (AIS) - A Division of PQI Thread Gage Seminar
2 ISO / IEC Accredited ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board Productivity Quality is ANAB Accredited to ISO for the Calibration of thread plug gages and thread ring gages and many other things
3 Morning Agenda Thread basics Go / NoGo thread gages Handheld variable thread gaging Pitch micrometers 3 Wire systems Optical thread measurement Optical comparators Video Measurement machines Round part inspection systems 2D Contact thread measurement systems
4 Thread Form
5 Thread Nomenclature Pitch Diameter - located equidistantly between the sharp major & minor cylinders. Major Diameter - is an imaginary cylinder that would bound the crests of an external thread or the roots of an internal thread. Minor Diameter - is an imaginary cylinder that would bound the roots of an external straight thread or the crests an internal thread. Per ANSI/ASME B1.7M
6 Thread Nomenclature (Layman's Terms) Pitch Diameter - is the halfway point between the sharp thread crest & root. Major Diameter - is the largest diameter of a thread. Minor Diameter - is the smallest diameter of a thread.
7 Thread Nomenclature (Illustrated)
8 Inch Thread Designations Ring Gages & Set Plug Gages External Inch Screw Threads Nominal - Threads Thread Class of Fit Diameter per Inch Series UNC 2A Working Plug Gages Internal Inch Screw Threads Nominal - Threads Thread Class of Fit Diameter per Inch Series UNC 2B Special Nominal Diameter and Threads / Inch combinations or Pitch Diameters must be marked UNS per ASME B ( Exceptions: Before Plate or Before Heat Treat.)
9 Metric Thread Designations Metric External Thread Designations Metric Thread Designater Metric Internal Thread Designations Metric Thread Designater Nominal Diameter Nominal Diameter x x Ring Gages & Set Plug Gages Thread Pitch Thread Pitch Tolerance Class Designations M 6 x 1 4 g 6 g Grade Position Grade Position Pitch Dia Tolerance Major Dia Tolerance Working Plug Gages Tolerance Class Designations M 6 x 1 4 H 6 H Grade Position Grade Position Pitch Dia Tolerance Minor Dia Tolerance Special Nominal Diameter and Pitch combinations or Pitch Diameters must be marked SPL per ASME B1.13M ( Exceptions: Before Plate or Before Heat Treat.)
10 General Classifications For Inch Threads Classes 1A and 1B Class 1A for external threads and 1B for internal threads. these classes are intended for ordnance and other special uses. They are used on threaded components where quick and easy assembly is necessary and where liberal allowance is required to permit ready assembly, even with slightly bruised hands or dirty threads.
11 General Classifications For Inch Threads Classes 2A and 2B Class 2A for external threads and 2B for internal threads. are the most commonly used thread standards for general applications, including production of bolts, screws, nuts, and similar threaded fasteners.
12 General Classifications For Inch Threads Cont Classes 3A and 3B Class 3A for external threads and 3B for internal threads. provide for applications where closeness of fit, accuracy of lead, and angle of thread are important. They are obtainable consistently only with high-quality production equipment supported by a very efficient system of gaging and inspection. These fasteners are generally used in the aerospace industry.
13 General Classifications For Inch Threads Cont Thread Series There are three standard thread series in the Unified screw thread system that are highly important for fasteners: UNC(coarse), UNF(fine), and 8-UN(8 thread). Along with a special series designated UNS.
14 Relationship of Internal and External Product Threads. Class of Fit = how tight or loose the product thread assembly is. Remember: The Product Dictates the Gages.
15 Product Thread Inspection Attributes Gaging (Fixed Limit) Attributes Inspection is a non-quantitative type of inspection whose only possible outcome is either accept or reject. Attributes Inspection is gaging at the limits of tolerance. In the world of Screw Threads, Go and No Go Ring and Plug Gages are the most common type of Attributes Inspection. Attributes Inspection is non generally recommended for SPC., it cannot measure actual Pitch Diameter.
16 Fixed Limit Gages Fixed Limit Gages determine either the maximum or minimum material condition of a part's features. Fixed Limit gages are typically utilized as a full-form or 3D simulation of the mating part. This serves as the basis for the gaging practice known as "Go, No Go," which is often used with ring and plug gages.
17 Purpose: To Pass or Fail Product! They are not intended to give an Actual Size.
18 USE: Fixed Limit Gages provide a accurate, quick & economical inspection of product specifications.
19 Thread Gages Are Not: Thread Chasers, Taps, Dies or Other Cutting Tools Hammers Die or Tap Clean Out Tools Intended to Measure Actual Size
20 Thread Gages Types Taper-lock Work Plugs (Standard) Reversible Work Plugs (When Specified) STI Taper-lock Work Plugs (When Specified) Ring Gages Setting Plugs Gages Pipe Plug Gages Pipe Ring Gages *Do not confuse a thread setting gage for a thread working gage
21 Taperlock Thread Plugs Catalog pg.# Range: Inch = #0-80 UNF to 3-1/4-8 UN ( Chrome) Metric= M1.6 x.35 to M39 x 4.0 ( Chrome) LH & RH Inch & Metric Threads in Stock. Materials: Chrome (Plated Tool Steel) 70/72 RC Tolerances: Class X Features: Go : Min Product Pitch Dia. No-Go : Max Product Pitch Dia. Gage Tolerance: Plus Gage Tolerance: Minus Long Member Short Member ANSI/ASME B1.2 (Inch) & B1.16 M (Metric) * Unless Otherwise Specified Taperlock is the Gage Design Supplied!!!
22 Reversible Thread Plugs Catalog pg.# Range: Inch = #0-80 UNF to 3/4-20 UNEF (Chrome) Metric= M1.6 x.35 to M18 x 2.5 ( Chrome) Materials: Chrome (Plated Tool Steel) 70/72 RC Tolerances: Class X Features: Go : Min Product Pitch Dia. No-Go : Max Product Pitch Dia. Gage Tolerance: Plus Gage Tolerance: Minus Reversible Must be Specified When Ordering!!! GO NOGO
23 Thread Ring & Set Plug Gages Range: Inch = 0-80 UNF to 3-1/4-8 UN (Steel & Chrome) Metric= M1.6 x.35 to M39 x 4.0 (Steel & Chrome) LH & RH Inch & Metric Threads in Stock. Tolerance: Class X Materials: Tool Steel 60/62 RC Chrome (Plated Tool Steel) 70/72 RC Features: Go : Max Product No-Go : Min Product Pitch Diameter Pitch Diameter Gage Tolerance: Plus Gage Tolerance: Minus Ring Knurled, No Groove Ring Knurled, Groove Set Plugs - Both Members are the Same Length!! ANSI/ASME B1.2 (Inch) & B1.16 M (Metric) Catalog pg.# Save on Re-Calibration: Purchase Set Plugs with Custom Rings!
24 Remember!!! Set Plug Gages are Only Intended to Inspect Thread Ring Gages. They are Not Used to Inspect Product Threads! Set Plug Gages Have the Same Pitch Diameters as the Thread Rings they Set, (Go PD Larger than NG PD).
25
26 Go / NoGo Thread Gages The Go gage should pass completely across or into the product threads. The NoGo gage for inch threads should stop within 3 turns. For metric threads, drag must be felt within 2 turns
27 Go / NoGo Thread Gages The accept / reject decision that was just made is based on a judgement of pitch diameter only. The thread gage has been ground with specific allowances to judge only the pitch diameter.
28 Product Thread Inspection Variable Gaging (Fixed Limit) Variables Inspection is a quantitative type of inspection whose we determine specific results for each thread parameter and compare it to a nominal and tolerance value standard for that thread per an accepted national standard
29 Product Thread Inspection Pitch Micrometer Like the Go/NoGo gages, a pitch micrometer evaluates only the pitch diameter and returns a value that can be compared to a standard. For our 8-32 UNC 2B example the pitch diameter is , a tolerance range of.0029
30 Variable Thread Gages Qualitative Readings The Tri-Roll not only indicates whether a threaded part is within assigned limits, it also shows the exact position of the pitch diameter within a tolerance range. In addition, the Tri-Roll gages will check size and out of roundness of plain cylindrical parts.
31 Thread Measuring Wires Measuring Pitch Diameter by the Three Wire Method. Tolerance: Sets Matched w/in Material: Tool Steel 59/64 Rc Catalog pg.# ANSI/ASME B
32 60 Degree Thread Measuring Wires PITCH DIAMETER = MEASUREMENT OVER WIRES (MOW) CONSTANT w = Wire Size P =Pitch = 1 / # of Threads per Inch = The distance the Thread travels in one turn. C = Constant = 3w P PD = Pitch Diameter = the halfway point between Sharp Major & Minor Diameters. Measured PD = MOW - ( 3w P) Reference ANSI / ASME Standards: B Measurement of Thread Measuring Wires Catalog pg.# 82 84
33 Choose Carefully! Pee Dee Thread Wires Mitutoyo 3 Wire Thread Measuring System
34 Optical Thread Inspection Optical thread measurement solutions provide variable data results enabling process control decisions. Optical solutions include: Optical Comparators Toolmaker s Microscopes Video Measurement Machines Round Part Optical Measurement System
35 Optical Comparators Through the direct measurement of edges Through the use of thread dedicated charts and overlays Typically more manual, operator dependent measurements
36 Optical Comparators Larger systems enable very accurate measurements from skilled operators
37 Video Measurement Systems Field of View edge processing for large sets of data points Powerful edge finding to eliminate foreign material High magnification and zoom lens capabilities
38 Video Measurement Systems
39 Video Measurement Systems
40 Video Measurement Systems Lack of physical contact and force may effect results Considerations for setting part to thread helix angle
41 Round Part Measurement Systems
42 Round Part Measurement Systems
43 2D Contact Thread Profile Measurement
44 Any Questions, Contact Us PRODUCTIVITY QUALITY, INC. (PQI) Douglas Binning Tom Tremmel George Hatcher
45 Custom Thread Gages ACME Thread Form Buttress Thread Form Acme, Stub Acme, Buttress, UNJ, UNS... Built to Your Specifications or Applicable Standards Developed from Your Part Drawings Designed to Meet Your Specific Needs Drawings May Be Supplied, if Required. (All Created Drawings Require Your Approval!)
46 NPT PIPE GAGES NPT L1 PLUG GAGE Tolerance: + or - one Turn from the notch. NPT L1 RING GAGE Tolerance: + or - one Turn from the Small End Face of the Ring. Catalog pg.# NPT Gages are Made to: ANSI/ASME B1.20.1
47 NPT PIPE THREADS NPT Threads are Considered General Purpose Pipe Threads. NPT Threads Are Intend to be Sealed at the Crest & Root with Teflon Tape, Pipe Dope or Other Types of Sealant. NPT Threads Do Not Require Crest Check, L3, or L2 Gages. NPT Gages are Made to: ANSI/ASME B1.20.1
48 NPTF PIPE PLUGS NPTF L1 PLUG GAGE The L-1 Plug Inspects the Pitch Diameter of the Hand Tight (L-1) Length of Engagement. NPTF L3 PLUG GAGE The L-3 Plug Inspects the Taper and Wrench Tight (L-3) Length of Engagement. Catalog pg.# 86 & 87 CREST CHECK PLUG (6 Step ) GAGE The Crest Check Plug Inspects the Truncation Limits & Taper of the Minor Diameter. NPTF Gages are Made to: ANSI/ASME B1.20.5
49 NPTF PIPE RINGS NPTF L1 RING GAGE The L1 Ring Inspects the Pitch Diameter of the Hand Tight (L1) Length of Engagement. NPTF L2 RING GAGE The L2 Ring Inspects the Taper and Wrench Tight (L2) Length of Engagement. Catalog pg.# CREST CHECK RING (6 Step ) GAGE The Crest Check Ring Inspect the Truncation Limits & Taper of the Major Diameter. NPTF Gages are Made to: ANSI/ASME B1.20.5
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51 NPTF PIPE GAGES NPTF Gages are Considered Dry Seal Pipe Threads. NPTF Gages are Relationship Gages. NPTF L1 Tolerance is + or - One Turn from the, (Notch on the Plug or Small End Face of the Ring). NPTF L2 Ring, L3 Plug Tolerance is + or - One Half Turn from the Location of the L1 Gage. NPTF Crest Check Gage will be Between one of these Sets of Notches, ( MN & MN t,b & B t,mx & MX t ). These Notches are in Relation to Where the L1 & ( L3 or L2 ) Gages Measured.
52 NPTF Classes of Product Threads Class 1 Threads - Acceptability is determined by coordinated use of L1 & L2 gages for external product threads and L1 & L3 internal product threads. Crest and root truncation is generally considered to be controlled by tooling or other means. ANSI/ASME B Class 2 Threads - Same as above, however, inspection of root and crest truncation is required., (ANSI/ASME B1.20.3). This means that 6-step root & crest check gages or other methods are required to inspect product root & crest truncation.
53 Dryseal Gage Selection Chart ASME B TABLE 1 Gages and Tolerances Thread to be Gaged Gaged With Product Thread Tolerance Applied to Basic Size [Note (1)] Limits Method of Gaging [Note (1)] Tolerance NPTF, External PTF-SAE SHORT, External NPTF, Internal PTF-SAE SHORT, Internal NPSF, Internal NPSI, Internal L 1 or L 1 Short and [Note (2)] L 2 or L 2 short ring gages L 1 or L 1 Short and [Note (3)] L 3 or L 3 short plug gages L 1 or L 1 Short plug gage Plus (small) 1 turn Plus (small) 0 turn Plus (large) 1 turn Plus (large) 0 turn Plus (large) 0 turn Plus (large) 1 turn Minus (large) 1 turn Minus (large) 1.5 turn Minus (small) 1 turn Minus (small) 1.5 turn Minus (small) 1.5 turn Minus (small) 0.5 turn Threads are within the allowable tolerance when the product reference point is on or between the maximum and minimum step of the L 1 gage. Notes: (1) Step limit gages with 4 (or 3) steps should be used. (2) The difference in engagement of the L 1 versus the L 2 ring gages shall not exceed 0.5 turn. See para (3) The difference in engagement of the L 1 versus the L 3 plug gages shall not exceed 0.5 turn. See para Note: Customers usually prefer to measure Dryseal Straight Pipe Threads (NPSF, NPSI, ) with Go & No Go Plug gages. Go & No Go Plug gages may be used but, the parts must pass the NPTF L 1 Plug gage.
54 Remember!!! Never force a Gage into or on a Part Being Check Handle gages as you would any precision tool, misuse or mishandling can result in nicks or other deformities which can destroy the integrity of the gage. Store gages in a secure location, preferably in individual compartments or containers. Gages should be dipped in an oilwax based seal or coated with a rust preventive prior to storing Ship gages packed separately, coated with rust preventive, with sufficient packing material to avoid damage.
55 Any Questions, Contact Us PRODUCTIVITY QUALITY, INC. (PQI)
56 Metric Screw Thread Classes and Positions Cont The 'g' & 'H' are commonly confused with the unified method of denoting internal and external of 'A' & 'B'. Here the metric uses a method that is not present in the inch series. The internal and external threads in metrics are denoted by the case of the letter used, lower case for external, and upper case for internal. The letter used denotes the amount of allowance adjustment applied to the basic size. For external threads, allowances available are 'e, f, g, & h'. For internal threads, allowances available are 'G & H'. Here again we see a difference in the inch and metric systems. In the Unified, there is only one allowance available and it is only applied to the external thread. For metric, you can apply allowances to the internal also. In both the internal and external the 'h or H' signifies an allowance factor of zero. The 'G' is the only allowance for internal threads and the 'g' is the smallest allowance available for external, the 'f' being more, and the 'e' being the greatest allowance.
57 Metric Screw Thread Classes and Positions Tolerance Grades Grades 4, 6, and 8, which reflect the size of the tolerance. Grade 6, the most common, is recommended for "medium" quality and normal lengths or general purpose threads. Grade 6 is the closest to the Unified Class 2A and 2B. Tolerances smaller than Grade 6 are recommended for "fine" quality or short lengths of engagement. Tolerances above grade 6 are larger and recommended for "coarse" quality or long lengths of engagement. Tolerance Positions External threads (bolts): small "e" = large allowance, small "h" =no allowance, small "g" = small allowance. Internal Threads (nuts): Large "G" = small allowance, Large "H" = no allowance.
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