The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. Chapter 1 ( )
|
|
- Aron Parker
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Chapter 1 ( )
2 During the first half of the 1700s, philosophers emphasized the use of reason. They thought that people should use reason to free themselves from ignorance and superstition and thereby become enlightened. They were convinced that enlightened people could perfect themselves and society. Thus, the eighteenth century is known as the Enlightenment or Age of Reason.
3 The Scientific Method The scientific method is a threefold approach to scientific study. First, careful experiments and observations are made. Second, reason is used to interpret the results of the experiments and observations. Third, mathematics rather than logic or reasoning from principles, is used to prove scientific theories.
4 Copernicus Nicolas Copernicus, a Polish mathematician and astronomer, played a central role in developing the scientific method. Nicolaus Copernicus
5 Ptolemy Ptolemy taught that the earth was the center of the universe and the sun and the other planets revolved around it in perfect circles.
6 Copernicus Theory Copernicus used mathematical calculations to show that Ptolemy was wrong on two crucial points. First, Copernicus said that the earth was not stationary but that it turned on its axis once a day. Second, he declared that the earth was not the center of the universe. He argued that the planets revolved around the sun in perfect circles.
7 Further Discoveries In 1609, Kepler announced that the planets move in another kind of orbit, called an ellipse. Johannes Kepler
8 Galileo Galilei Through the telescope, Galileo saw that the moon had a rough surface broken by jagged mountains. He discovered that the planet Jupiter had four moons, which no one had seen before. The sun was seen to be imperfect because it had dark, changeable spots on its surface. Galileo s s discoveries showed that the universe was very different from what ancient philosophers had taught. Galileo Galilei
9 Galileo s s Telescopes
10 Galileo on Trial When Galileo announced his discoveries in the early 1600s, the conflict between the traditional thinking and the new science broke into the open. An outspoken man, he did not hesitate to defend his views. He made powerful enemies when he humiliated his critics in public. These enemies convinced the Catholic Church to condemn the teachings of Copernicus and to forbid Galileo from defending his new ideas.
11 Newton and Natural Laws An English mathematician, Sir Isaac Newton, built on the work of many earlier scientists. Among Newton s s most important contribution was the law of gravity. It states that there is a force of attraction between objects that increases as objects move closer together. Newton s s law explains mathematically how the moon s gravity causes tides on earth and how the sun s s gravity keeps the planets within their orbits. Newton is said to have discovered gravity after he saw an apple fall. His law explains that an apple falls to the ground because it is attracted by the earth s s gravity.
12 Newton s s effects Newton s s work had many effects. Navigators and mapmakers used his mathematics to make more precise charts. Calculus was used to improve weapons such as guns and cannons. Later, inventors improved on Newton s ideas and developed such practical devices as the steam engine.
13 Section Review Patterns of Civilization Patterns of Civilization P. 5 # 1-7
14 Enlightenment Thinkers Philosophers felt confident that they could use reason to discover natural laws that governed human behaviour.
15 Hobbes & Locke The ideas of two English philosophers, Thomas Hobbes and John Locke, had a significant impact on how people viewed the individual s role in society. Thomas Hobbes John Locke
16 Hobbes In 1651, he published his ideas in Leviathan.. In his work he described a state of nature in which people had no laws or government. During the 1640s, Hobbes witnessed the violent upheavals of a civil war in England. Hobbes became convinced that if people were left alone they would constantly fight among themselves. According to Hobbes, to escape the chaos of their natural state, people entered into a contract, or agreement. They gave up freedom and agreed to obey a ruler. In exchange the ruler ensured peace and order. Hobbes also insisted, once people entered into such a contract, they could not rebel, even if they thought the ruler was a tyrant. Hobbes ideas, therefore, supported the rule of absolute monarchs.
17 Locke In 1690, John Locke published Two Treatises on Government. Locke agreed with Hobbes that the purpose of government was to establish order in society. He also saw government as a contract between the ruler and the ruled. Locke had a more optimistic view of human nature than Hobbes. He thought people were basically reasonable and would cooperate with each other. Moreover, he argued that rulers could stay in power only as long as they had the consent of those they governed. If a ruler were a tyrant, then he or she had broken the contract. In such a case, the people had the right to rebel and to set up a new government. He believed that people had natural rights, including the right to life, liberty and property. Government was responsible for protecting these rights, but its power should be limited.
18 Social & Economic Ideas Many writers and thinkers expanded on Locke s s idea of natural rights. They became known as philosophes (French word for philosopher). The philosophes were concerned about many social issues. They urged religious toleration and condemned wars of religion. They claimed people had the right to believe as they wished. They called for freedom of speech and the press and they criticized the strict censorship that most governments imposed. They believed censorship was harmful because it prevented people from learning about new ideas. They encouraged education as the way to end ignorance, prejudice and superstition. The philosophes denounced slavery because it deprived people of their most basic rights. They also spoke out against torture and cruel punishments for crimes.
19 Three Influential Views of Government Montesquieu believed that English government preserved the liberty of the people by the separation of the power among three branches of government: the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Montesquieu thought that in England Parliament: The legislature, made the laws The king, as the executive, enforced laws The courts, as the judiciary, interpreted the laws if disputes arose. The Baron of Montesquieu
20 Voltaire Francois Marie Arouet also known as Voltaire. Voltaire spent much of his life arguing for religious toleration and freedom of thought. He is credited with saying, I I do not agree with a word you say but I will defend to the death your right to say it. To Voltaire, the best ruler was an enlightened monarch. By that he meant a monarch who studied the science of government and protected the basic rights of the people. Voltaire ( )
21 Rousseau Rousseau believed that human nature was basically good. In his opinion, society corrupted people. He also argued that all people were equal and that all titles of rank and nobility should be abolished. In The Social Contract,, Rousseau described an ideal society. In this society, people would form a community and make a contract with each other, not with a ruler. People would give up some of their freedom in favour of the general will, or the decisions of the majority. The community would vote on all decisions, and everyone would accept the community decision. Rousseau s s beliefs in equality and in the will of the majority made him a spokesman for the common people. Revolutionaries in many countries would later adopt his ideas. Jacques Rousseau ( )
22 Section Review Patterns of Civilization P. 9 # 1, 3-6
23 Spread of New Ideas Denis Diderot, a French philosophe helped create the first encyclopedia. Diderot hoped the Encyclopedia would bring about a a revolution in the minds of men to free them from prejudice. Many philosophe s contributed articles on philosophy, religion, the arts, literature, and government. But the Encyclopedia devoted the most space to articles on science and technology. Diderot included diagrams that showed the latest advances in printing, spinning, medicine, and other fields. Denis Diderot ( )
24 Enlightenment ideas also spread in other ways. As the number of people who could read and write increased in the 1700s, more newspapers and journals were published. Learned societies informed people of the new ideas through public lectures and published reports. In addition, middle class men met in coffee houses to discuss the latest news in science or politics. In working class neighbourhoods, popular songs and political pamphlets helped spread Enlightenment ideas.
25 Enlightened Monarchs Many European rulers were impressed by the ideas of the Enlightenment. Some adopted policies that they hoped would improve social and economic conditions in their countries. They considered themselves enlightened monarchs. However, they also used the new ideas to centralize their power by reducing the privileges of nobles.
26 The Arts During the Enlightenment Many talented individuals made lasting contributions to music. Two German composers, Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frederick Handel, are among the most important composers of this period. Bach wrote many types of music, but he is perhaps best known for his religious music. Johann George Frederick Sebastian Bach Handel ( ) ( )
27 In the mid-1700s, music began to reflect the simplicity and elegance expressed by artists and architects of the time. In the late 1700s, this style of music was brought to its height by Franz Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Franz Joseph Haydn ( ) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( )
28 Read p.9-12 P. 12 #1, 2, 3, 4 and Recalling Facts
WORLD HISTORY: SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT. Jeopardy Version Watch out Alex Trebek
WORLD HISTORY: SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND ENLIGHTENMENT Jeopardy Version Watch out Alex Trebek Scientists Philosophes Enlightenment Spreads Terms Thnkers 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300
More informationHobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau on Government
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS FOUNDATION Bill of Rights in Action 20:2 Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau on Government Starting in the 1600s, European philosophers began debating the question of who should
More informationNote Taking Study Guide PHILOSOPHY IN THE AGE OF REASON
SECTION 1 Note Taking Study Guide PHILOSOPHY IN THE AGE OF REASON Focus Question: What effects did Enlightenment philosophers have on government and society? As you read this section in your textbook,
More informationTHE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT To view this PDF as a projectable presentation, save the file, click View in the top menu bar of the file, and select Full Screen Mode To request an editable PPT version of this
More informationName: Class: Global Studies Date: Mr. Wallace. The Enlightenment & The American Revolution Test Review
Name: Class: Global Studies Date: Mr Wallace The Enlightenment & The American Revolution Test Review 1) The United States "founding fathers" were not influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers 2)
More informationENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS AND GOVERNMENT MAN IS BORN FREE, BUT EVERYWHERE IS IN CHAINS.
ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS AND GOVERNMENT MAN IS BORN FREE, BUT EVERYWHERE IS IN CHAINS. Relevant Questions: Are people born good or bad? Are all people born equal? What is government? Why do societies have
More informationChapter 5 The Enlightenment and the American Revolution I. Philosophy in the Age of Reason (5-1) A. Scientific Revolution Sparks the Enlightenment 1.
Chapter 5 The Enlightenment and the American Revolution I. Philosophy in the Age of Reason (5-1) A. Scientific Revolution Sparks the Enlightenment 1. Natural Law: Rules or discoveries made by reason B.
More information4. Discuss the information as a class (transparency key)
Teacher: Sherry Tipps-Holder Grade: 8 Subject: World History/ Lesson designed for inclusion in unit on Scientific Revolution Essential Question: What were the major contributions/innovations of the who
More informationChapter 3 The Science of Astronomy
Chapter 3 The Science of Astronomy Days of the week were named for Sun, Moon, and visible planets. What did ancient civilizations achieve in astronomy? Daily timekeeping Tracking the seasons and calendar
More informationEffects of the Enlightenment Grade Nine
History Ohio Standards Connection: Benchmark A Explain connections between the ideas of the Enlightenment and changes in the relationships between citizens and their governments. Indicator 1 Explain how
More informationELEMENTS OF PHYSICS MOTION, FORCE, AND GRAVITY
1 Pre-Test Directions: This will help you discover what you know about the subject of motion before you begin this lesson. Answer the following true or false. 1. Aristotle believed that all objects fell
More informationThe Solar System. Unit 4 covers the following framework standards: ES 10 and PS 11. Content was adapted the following:
Unit 4 The Solar System Chapter 7 ~ The History of the Solar System o Section 1 ~ The Formation of the Solar System o Section 2 ~ Observing the Solar System Chapter 8 ~ The Parts the Solar System o Section
More informationThe Arts and Architecture
Lesson 4 The Legacy of Greece MAIN IDEAS Culture Greek art and architecture introduced new styles and concepts that set standards for generations of artists around the world. Culture The Greek love of
More informationThe Holy Office v Galileo Galilei: BASIC INFO
The Holy Office v Galileo Galilei: BASIC INFO STIPULATED FACTS (BACKGROUND) Born in 1564 in Italy, Galileo Galilei became a brilliant scientist and lecturer. He made several inventions, including the telescope.
More informationFundamental Principles of American Democracy
Fundamental Principles of American Democracy Standard: 12.1 Students explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy as expressed in the U.S. Constitution and other essential
More informationIsaac Newton & the Newtonian Age
Newton By William Blake ~1800 Ch 5 pg. 91-95 ++ Lecture 3 Isaac Newton & the Newtonian Age If I have ever made any valuable discoveries, it has been owing more to patient attention, than to any other talent.
More information2 ISAAC NEWTON BIOGRAPHY 780L
2 ISAAC NEWTON BIOGRAPHY 780L ISAAC NEWTON PHYSICS, GRAVITY & LAWS OF MOTION Born January 4, 1643 Lincolnshire, England Died March 31, 1727 London, England By Cynthia Stokes Brown, adapted by Newsela Sir
More informationFrom Aristotle to Newton
From Aristotle to Newton The history of the Solar System (and the universe to some extent) from ancient Greek times through to the beginnings of modern physics. The Geocentric Model Ancient Greek astronomers
More informationColonial Influences STEP BY STEP. OPTIONAL: A PowerPoint presentation is available to walk students through the activities in this lesson.
Teacher s Guide Colonial Influences Time Needed: One to two class periods Learning Objectives. Students will be able to: Materials Needed: Student worksheets, overhead or computer projector, scissors,
More informationThe French Revolution Created by Ms. Rida
Name: Date: Hour: The French Revolution Created by Ms. Rida At the start of the 1700s, France was the leading country in Europe financially, militarily, socially, culturally and most importantly, politically.
More informationDeclaration of Independence Lesson Plan. Central Historical Question: Why did the Founders write the Declaration of Independence?
Lesson Plan Central Historical Question: Why did the Founders write the? Materials: Copies of Two Historians Interpretations Copies of Declaration Preamble worksheet Copies of Declaration of Independece
More informationActivity Three: The Enlightenment TEACHER DEBRIEFING SHEET
TEACHER DEBRIEFING SHEET PLEASE NOTE: Each round must deal with a different controversial issue. It is critical that this be laid out as an expectation for the next round during the previous round s debriefing.
More information2 ISAAC NEWTON BIOGRAPHY 1000L
2 ISAAC NEWTON BIOGRAPHY 1000L ISAAC NEWTON PHYSICS, GRAVITY & LAWS OF MOTION Born January 4, 1643 Lincolnshire, England Died March 31, 1727 London, England By Cynthia Stokes Brown, adapted by Newsela
More informationThe French Revolution Begins Close Read
The French Revolution Begins Close Read Standards Alignment Text with Close Read instructions for students Intended to be the initial read in which students annotate the text as they read. Students may
More information17. WHO BECOMES PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES IF THE PRESIDENT SHOULD DIE? 22. HOW MANY CHANGES OR AMENDMENTS ARE THERE TO THE CONSTITUTION?
DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Immigration & Naturalization Service 100 Typical Questions 1. WHAT ARE THE COLORS OF OUR FLAG? 2. HOW MANY STARS ARE THERE IN OUR FLAG? 3. WHAT COLOR ARE THE STARS ON OUR FLAG? 4.
More informationJean-Jacques Rousseau. By: Julissa Molina-Vega
Jean-Jacques Rousseau By: Julissa Molina-Vega Biography Birth: June 28, 1712 in Geneva, Switzerland Death: July 2, 1778 Ermenonville, France Baptized in the Cathedral: July 4, 1712 He was a philosopher,
More informationThe Proper Basis for Society: John Locke (1632-1704)
The Proper Basis for Society: John Locke (1632-1704) Why John Locke? His influence on political and philosophical ideas of the Second Europe. His idea of the contract fired the imagination like Newton
More informationThe Role of Government
The Role of Government Imagine for a moment living under a government that possessed unlimited and undefined powers, such as Communist China or Nazi Germany. What rights do you have now that you think
More informationLecture 17 Newton on Gravity
Lecture 17 Newton on Gravity Patrick Maher Philosophy 270 Spring 2010 Introduction Outline of Newton s Principia Definitions Axioms, or the Laws of Motion Book 1: The Motion of Bodies Book 2: The Motion
More informationChapter 25.1: Models of our Solar System
Chapter 25.1: Models of our Solar System Objectives: Compare & Contrast geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar sytem. Describe the orbits of planets explain how gravity and inertia keep the planets
More informationLocke and Rousseau on the Social Contract
PROBLEM 17 123 Locke and Rousseau on the Social Contract Two scientists, Sir Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin, had particularly significant effects upon the political and social thought of the eras in which
More informationSample Test: Colonialism and Foundations of America. Use the following map and your knowledge of Social Studies to answer question 1.
Sample Test: Colonialism and Foundations of America Use the following map and your knowledge of Social Studies to answer question 1. 1. What key activity does this map depict? A Middle Passage B Trans-Saharan
More informationThe University of Texas at Austin. Gravity and Orbits
UTeach Outreach The University of Texas at Austin Gravity and Orbits Time of Lesson: 60-75 minutes Content Standards Addressed in Lesson: TEKS6.11B understand that gravity is the force that governs the
More informationMasonic Questions and Answers
Masonic Questions and Answers by Paul M. Bessel iii Masonic Questions and Answers A Cornerstone Book Copyright 2005 by Paul M. Bessel All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright
More informationThe Printing Press: A Vehicle for Modernity
The Printing Press: A Vehicle for Modernity November 3, 2010 Ailsa Lapp COMM345 Assignment #1 Professor: Virginia McKendry Throughout the history of civilization, the invention of printing has been argued
More information1. Knowledge of the principles expressed in documents shaping constitutional democracy in the United States
Social Studies Grades 9-12 Ohio Missouri United States GOVERNMENT 2006 STANDARDS Principles of Constitutional Democracy 1. Knowledge of the principles expressed in documents shaping constitutional democracy
More informationPHILOSOPHES [forthcoming in SAGE Encyclopedia of Political Theory, edited by Mark Bevir do not quote without author s permission]
PHILOSOPHES [forthcoming in SAGE Encyclopedia of Political Theory, edited by Mark Bevir do not quote without author s permission] The thinkers who called themselves philosophes were a diverse group who
More informationRunning head: AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1
Running head: AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1 American Revolution Persuasive Essay Student A. Sample Grand Canyon University: HIS 345 12/12/2012 AMERICAN REVOLUTION 2 American Revolution Persuasive Essay The American
More informationAP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2011 SCORING GUIDELINES
AP EUROPEAN HISTORY 2011 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 3 Compare and contrast Enlightenment and Romantic views of nature, with reference to specific individuals and their works. 9 8 points Thesis is explicit
More informationEnlighten Me. Matt Swanson, Elbert County Charter School, Elizabeth, CO Five lessons in eleven to twelve fifty minute class periods
Enlighten Me Grade Level: Presented by: Length of Unit: Sixth Grade World History Matt Swanson, Elbert County Charter School, Elizabeth, CO Five lessons in eleven to twelve fifty minute class periods I.
More informationStudy Guide due Friday, 1/29
NAME: Astronomy Study Guide asteroid chromosphere comet corona ellipse Galilean moons VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW geocentric system meteor gravity meteorite greenhouse effect meteoroid heliocentric system
More informationClassical Music Ludwig Van Beethoven
Non-fiction: Classical Music Ludwig Van Beethoven Classical Music Ludwig Van Beethoven When Beethoven met Mozart in Vienna in 1787, Mozart said, You will make a big noise in the world. Mozart was right.
More informationFourth Grade Social Studies Content Standards and Objectives
Fourth Grade Social Studies Content Standards and Objectives Standard 1: Citizenship characterize and good citizenship by building social networks of reciprocity and trustworthiness (Civic Dispositions).
More informationUnit 8 Lesson 2 Gravity and the Solar System
Unit 8 Lesson 2 Gravity and the Solar System Gravity What is gravity? Gravity is a force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses and the distances between them. Every object in the universe
More information4. There are three qualifications from becoming a member of the House of Representatives
Article I Legislative Branch 1. The job of the legislative branch is to Make laws Name Period Federal Constitution Study Guide 2. The legislative branch is divided into two parts or two houses which are
More informationNC Civic Education Consortium 1 Visit our Database of K-12 Resources at http://database.civics.unc.edu/
The Age of Enlightenment Overview Students will explore the Age of Enlightenment through a Power Point presentation and class discussion. Students will then further explore this period of history and its
More informationPerspectives on Ideology Social 30-1 Introduction
Perspectives on Ideology Social 30-1 Introduction Favour individualism or Collectivism? RI#1 To what extent should ideology be the foundation of Identity? explores the relationship between identity and
More informationRenaissance and Reformation Study Guide and Notebook Checklist. **Use your notes and pages 34-57 and 146-148. Answers in Italics
Renaissance and Reformation Study Guide and Notebook Checklist **Use your notes and pages 34-57 and 146-148 Answers in Italics 1. What is the Renaissance Movement the rebirth of? Art and learning 2. Where
More informationLSE Visit Day Government Department Taster Lecture Must the Sovereign be Absolute? Professor Paul Kelly
LSE Visit Day Government Department Taster Lecture Must the Sovereign be Absolute? Professor Paul Kelly 1 Aims and Objectives Lecture based on Lecture 12 of GV 100 one of two compulsory introductory courses.
More informationTable of Contents. Part One: Social Studies Curriculum
Table of Contents Part One: Social Studies Curriculum Chapter I: Social Studies Essay Questions and Prewriting Activities 1. Western Political Thought 1 2. The Age of Revolution 6 3. The Age of Napoleon
More informationWorld History Course Summary Department: Social Studies. Semester 1
World History Course Summary Department: Social Studies All World History courses (Honors or otherwise) utilize the same targets and indicators for student performance. However, students enrolled in Honors
More informationJainism Jainism also began in India; religion teaches ahimsa nonviolence - Jains believe all living things have souls and should not be hurt
Lesson 3 Buddhism and India s Golden Age MAIN IDEAS Belief System A teacher called the Buddha developed a new religion that focused on helping people to escape suffering. Government The Maurya rulers united
More informationA Guide to the Human Rights Act
A Guide to the Human Rights Act A booklet for People with Learning Disabilities Human Rights Human Rights Illustrations by CHANGE Picture Bank What s inside This booklet,..................................1
More informationChapter 2 Democracy in the colonies
Chapter 2 Democracy in the colonies Learning Objectives Explain how self-government got its start in the colonies Explain the purpose of the Mayflower Compact. Describe the ways the Pilgrims practiced
More informationTHE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT
THE EXECUTIVE AND LEGISLATIVE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT The political institutions of the United Kingdom are divided into the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. The last of these will be developed
More informationDiscussion Guide for THE REPUBLIC. Plato. The Great Books Foundation
Discussion Guide for THE REPUBLIC Plato The Great Books Foundation ABOUT THIS DISCUSSION GUIDE How should society be governed? How should communities be structured? Download the free Great Books Foundation
More informationPurpose, origin, and content of the Bill of Rights and other important Amendments to the Constitution
LESSON OVERVIEW BILL OF RIGHTS: YOU MEAN I VE GOT RIGHTS? GOAL TIME NUTSHELL CONCEPTS Students will be introduced to the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights and other important constitutional amendments.
More informationWhat causes Tides? If tidal forces were based only on mass, the Sun should have a tidegenerating
What are Tides? Tides are very long-period waves that move through the oceans as a result of the gravitational attraction of the Moon and the Sun for the water in the oceans of the Earth. Tides start in
More informationUnit 4 Lesson 8 The Qin and Han Dynasties
Unit 4 Lesson 8 The Qin and Han Dynasties Directions Read the False statements below. Replace each underlined word with one from the word bank that makes each sentence True. Word Bank Ying Zheng army copper
More informationPROCLAMATION OF 2009 AS THE UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY OUTLINE
U General Conference 33rd session, Paris 2005 33 C 33 C/67 11 October 2005 Original: English Item 5.30 of the agenda PROCLAMATION OF 2009 AS THE UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY Source: 172
More informationLaplace's Demon. By finishing the work began by Sir Isaac Newton in mathematics, and further
Joshua Baker Philosophy 123 Professor Slinker Laplace's Demon By finishing the work began by Sir Isaac Newton in mathematics, and further applying it to physics and astronomy, French physicist and mathematician
More informationAstronomy 1140 Quiz 1 Review
Astronomy 1140 Quiz 1 Review Prof. Pradhan September 15, 2015 What is Science? 1. Explain the difference between astronomy and astrology. (a) Astrology: nonscience using zodiac sign to predict the future/personality
More informationCritical thinking - applied to the methodology of teaching mathematics
Educaţia Matematică Vol. 1, Nr. 1 (2005), 57 66 Critical thinking - applied to the methodology of teaching mathematics Ioana Mărcuţ Abstract Critical thinking can be seen as having two components: 1. a
More informationGalileo Galilei. Introduction
Galileo Galilei Introduction Galileo Galilei (1564 1642) was one of the most significant figures of the Scientific Revolution. Galileo was involved in nearly all fields of natural philosophy, including
More informationAE554 Applied Orbital Mechanics. Hafta 1 Egemen Đmre
AE554 Applied Orbital Mechanics Hafta 1 Egemen Đmre A bit of history the beginning Astronomy: Science of heavens. (Ancient Greeks). Astronomy existed several thousand years BC Perfect universe (like circles
More informationCourse: History 109 -Europe to the Age of Revolution (3 Credits-Compulsory) M.A. San Diego State University, B.A. University of California, San Diego
Course: History 109 -Europe to the Age of Revolution (3 Credits-Compulsory) Course duration: Three hours per week for 15 weeks (45 hours) As taught in 2010/2011 session Lecturer: Valdivia, Vivian M.A.
More informationNo Taxation Without Representation!! Actions that led to the Revolutionary War
No Taxation Without Representation!! Actions that led to the Revolutionary War Raising Taxes The French and Indian War had caused the British to be in a great deal of debt. They decided to keep a standing
More informationJohann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer born in 1685. He died in 1750. He was the youngest of the children of Johann Ambrosius Bach. Musical talent had been in his family for
More informationSoci250 Sociological Theory
Soci250 Sociological Theory Module 1 Overview of Classical Sociological Theory François Nielsen University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Spring 2007 Outline Main Themes Social & historical forces Intellectual
More informationSIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727)
SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727) PCES 1.1 Born in the small village of Woolsthorpe, Newton quickly made an impression as a student at Cambridge- he was appointed full Prof. there The young Newton in 1669,
More informationYasuhira Kanayama, What is it to be a written text? Plato s criticism of writing in the Phaedrus, and the invention of the alphabet
Yasuhira Kanayama, What is it to be a written text? Plato s criticism of writing in the Phaedrus, and the invention of the alphabet (May 14) In the Phaedrus 274Cff. Plato points out defects of written
More informationLecture 13. Gravity in the Solar System
Lecture 13 Gravity in the Solar System Guiding Questions 1. How was the heliocentric model established? What are monumental steps in the history of the heliocentric model? 2. How do Kepler s three laws
More informationWhat are you. worried about? Looking Deeper
What are you worried about? Looking Deeper Looking Deeper What are you worried about? Some of us lie awake at night worrying about family members, health, finances or a thousand other things. Worry can
More informationThe First U.S. Women's Rights Movement (1800's) By Sharon Fabian
The First U.S. Women's Rights Movement (1800's) By Sharon Fabian 1 In the 1800's the pioneer days of our country were about over, and things began to settle into a routine. People were not struggling to
More informationYEAR 1: Kings, Queens and Leaders (6 lessons)
YEAR 1: Kings, Queens and Leaders (6 lessons) Contents Include: The United Kingdom and the Union Jack Kings and Queens The Magna Carta Charles I Parliament The Prime Minister Suggested Teacher Resources:
More informationPhillis Wheatley, 1753-1784: Early African- American Poet
17 December 2011 voaspecialenglish.com Phillis Wheatley, 1753-1784: Early African- American Poet A rare signed edition of Phillis Wheatley s poetry from 1773 (Download an MP3 of this story at voaspecialenglish.com)
More informationA Flag for Your Planet
by Andrew Fraknoi LEADER INSTRUCTIONS A Flag for Your Planet An Activity for the Whole Family from Project ASTRO Copyright 2001, Project ASTRO, Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 390 Ashton Ave., San
More informationA Study Guide for The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn
A Study Guide for The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas Kuhn In 1962, Thomas Kuhn wrote one of the most influential books of the last half of the twentieth century. He was inspired to write
More informationTHEME: We should take every opportunity to tell others about Jesus.
Devotion NT307 CHILDREN S DEVOTIONS FOR THE WEEK OF: LESSON TITLE: Paul Goes Before Agrippa THEME: We should take every opportunity to tell others about Jesus. SCRIPTURE: Acts 25:13 26:32 Dear Parents
More informationSection 1- Geography and the Early Greeks
Name: Class: Date: 6 th Grade World History Chapter 8 Study Guide: Ancient Greece Section 1- Geography and the Early Greeks 1) Complete the chart below to show how geography shaped the lives of early Greeks.
More informationJuvenile Justice. CJ 3650 Professor James J. Drylie Chapter 2
Juvenile Justice CJ 3650 Professor James J. Drylie Chapter 2 The juvenile court system came into existence in 1899. Unlike the criminal justice system, a separate juvenile justice system is not constitutionally
More informationState of Nature v. Government
State of Nature v. Government Overview In this lesson, students will discuss what they think life would be like in a state of nature and examine reasons why there is a need for government. They will explore
More informationBackground on the First Amendment
Background on the First Amendment Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the
More informationMy Magna Carta. an international creative writing competition for 11-18 year olds.
My Magna Carta an international creative writing competition for 11-18 year olds. About the Competition The English-Speaking Union is delighted to present My Magna Carta an international creative writing
More informationShays Rebellion. Central Historical Question: How did Americans react to Shays rebellion?
Central Historical Question: How did Americans react to Shays rebellion? Materials: PowerPoint on Articles of Confederation Copies of Textbook Excerpt on Copies of Thomas Jefferson Letter Copies of Guiding
More informationKant s Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals
Kant s Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals G. J. Mattey Winter, 2015/ Philosophy 1 The Division of Philosophical Labor Kant generally endorses the ancient Greek division of philosophy into
More informationA Tale of Two Cities
Reflections: A Student Response Journal for A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens written by Jack Turner Copyright 2007 by Prestwick House, Inc., P.O. Box 658, Clayton, DE 19938. 1-800-932-4593. www.prestwickhouse.com
More informationCRIMINAL LAW & YOUR RIGHTS MARCH 2008
CRIMINAL LAW & YOUR RIGHTS MARCH 2008 1 What are your rights? As a human being and as a citizen you automatically have certain rights. These rights are not a gift from anyone, including the state. In fact,
More informationUniversal Declaration of Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights Preamble Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice
More informationSSWH3 THE STUDENT WILL EXAMINE THE POLITICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND CULTURAL INTERACTION OF CLASSICAL MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETIES FROM 700 BCE TO 400 CE.
SSWH3 THE STUDENT WILL EXAMINE THE POLITICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, AND CULTURAL INTERACTION OF CLASSICAL MEDITERRANEAN SOCIETIES FROM 700 BCE TO 400 CE. A. COMPARE THE ORIGINS AND STRUCTURE OF THE GREEK POLIS,
More informationENLIGHTENMENT. PREVIEW COPY INCLUDING THE COMPLETE FIRST LESSON Prepared for: America s History in the Making Oregon Public Broadcasting
THE ENLIGHTENMENT PREVIEW COPY INCLUDING THE COMPLETE FIRST LESSON Prepared for: America s History in the Making Oregon Public Broadcasting The Enlightenment A Unit of Study for Grades 7 12 Carole Collier
More informationThe Declaration of Independence An Analytical View
1 The Declaration of Independence An Analytical View When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and
More informationDRAFT SOCIAL STUDIES Georgia Standards of Excellence (GSE) American Government/Civics
DRAFT SOCIAL STUDIES American Government/Civics American Government/Civics The government course provides students with a background in the philosophy, functions, and structure of the United States government.
More informationThe Solar System. I. Introduction. S. Gavin and S. P. Karrer Physics Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201 sean@physics.wayne.
The Solar System S. Gavin and S. P. Karrer Physics Department, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201 sean@physics.wayne.edu I. Introduction As children we all learned that the Earth is one of many
More information3. What made the Italian City-States unique and important, compared to other European cities, during the Renaissance Period?
Renaissance Questions (7 th Grade Social Studies) 1. What does the word Renaissance refer to? a. a period of renewed interest in the arts, based on the Classical period b. a series of wars between competing
More informationYPRES SALIENT Besieged city
YPRES SALIENT Besieged city Dear student, This worksheet is meant to allow you to pause for a moment longer by certain items in the museum. This doesn t mean you cannot look around at other objects, stories
More informationA CHARTER OF EUROPEAN IDENTITY. Foreword
A CHARTER OF EUROPEAN IDENTITY 28 October 1995 Foreword In a speech to the European Parliament on March 8th, 1994, the poet Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic, indicated the need for a Charter
More informationPeriods of Western Astronomy. Chapter 1. Prehistoric Astronomy. Prehistoric Astronomy. The Celestial Sphere. Stonehenge. History of Astronomy
Periods of Western Astronomy Chapter 1 History of Astronomy Western astronomy divides into 4 periods Prehistoric (before 500 B.C.) Cyclical motions of Sun, Moon and stars observed Keeping time and determining
More informationBeginning of the Universe Classwork 6 th Grade PSI Science
Beginning of the Universe Classwork Name: 6 th Grade PSI Science 1 4 2 5 6 3 7 Down: 1. Edwin discovered that galaxies are spreading apart. 2. This theory explains how the Universe was flattened. 3. All
More informationNewton s Law of Universal Gravitation
12.1 Newton s Law of Universal Gravitation SECTION Explain Kepler s laws. Describe Newton s law of universal gravitation. Apply Newton s law of universal gravitation quantitatively. KEY TERMS OUTCOMES
More information