Geometry Summer Packet

Transcription

1 Coventry High School Math Department Geometry Summer Packet The problems in this packet are designed to help you review topics from Algebra I that are important to your success in Geometry. The topics covered in this packet should be addressed and reviewed before entering Geometry. Examples have been provided in each section to help you get started and refresh your memory of these concepts. It is advised that you do all of the work for each problem right on this packet. You will be turning in Topic #6 to be graded to your geometry teacher. Your answers to the other topics will be submitted online. Please go to (numbers and upper/lowercase matter) to submit these answers. This packet is due on the first day of school and will count as one of your first grades of the school year! While it is not required, it is strongly recommended that students buy a calculator for their personal use throughout the school year. Although a scientific calculator is sufficient in this course, the purchase of a TI 83 graphing calculator will be the calculator to use during your high school experience.

2 Notes: Topic : Right Triangles In a right triangle, the sides that form the right angle are the legs of the triangle. The side opposite the right angle is the hypotenuse of the triangle. Example: Identify the legs and hypotenuse in the triangles below. Side a: Leg Side b: Leg Side c: Hypotenuse Problem Set: Identify the legs and hypotenuse in the triangles below. ) ) Example: Use the Pythagorean Theorem a b c to determine the missing side. Problem Set: Use the Pythagorean Theorem a b c to determine the missing side. 3) 4) c 7 b 3 4

3 Topic : Perimeter & Circumference Notes: Perimeter is the distance around the outside of an object. It is measured in linear units (inches, meters, centimeters, etc.) Perimeter/Circumference Formulas: Triangle Square Circle Rectangle P a b c P 4s C r P l w Examples: Find the perimeter Add all the outer sides. Since 8 is the height of the triangle and not the length of one of the sides, we do not use it to find the perimeter = 48 units Problem Set: Find the perimeter or circumference. Use π = 3.4. DO NOT ROUND! ) ) 3) 4) P = 5) P = 6) C = 7) P = P = C = 8) The perimeter of the triangle is 73. Solve for x. P = x =

4 Topic 3: Area Notes: Area is a quantity expressing the two-dimensional size of a surface. It is measured in square units; square inches (in ), square centimeters (cm ), square miles (mi ). Think of area as the amount of floor tiles needed to cover a floor. Example: Find the area of the rectangle. A lw Area formula for a rectangle A ()(5) Plug in appropriate values A 60in Evaluate Area Formulas: Triangle Square Circle Rectangle A bh A s A r A lw Problem Set: Find the area of the figure. Use π = 3.4. DO NOT ROUND! ) ) 3) 4) 5) 6)

5 Topic 4: Parallel and perpendicular lines Notes and Examples: Parallel Lines: Two lines that lie in the same plane and do not intersect are called parallel lines. If two lines have the same slope, they are parallel. y x 5 and y x 7 are parallel because both equations have a slope of. Perpendicular Lines: Two lines that lie in the same plane and intersect to form 90 degree angles are called perpendicular lines. If the slope of two lines are opposite reciprocals, they are perpendicular. y 3x 4 and y x 5 are perpendicular because 3 and are opposite reciprocals. 3 3 Problem Set Determine whether each set of equations are parallel, perpendicular, or neither. ) y 3x y 3x ) y 4x y x 5 4 3) y x y x 4) 5 y x 3 5 y x 6

6 Topic 5: Solving Equations Examples: Solve for x. 5x 0 5x x x x Comb. Like Terms Subtract 8. Simplify. Divide by 0. Simplify. 7( x 3) 8x 7x 8x 7x 7x x 3 x Distribute. Subtract 7x. Simplify. Subtract. Simplify. x 34 x x x 6 Add. Simplify. Square Root Problem Set - Solve for x. Show all work. (Some answers may be decimals). ) x 5 ) 3x 3) 9x 44 4) x 6 4x 4 5) 5x 3 5 6) x 7 8x ) x 8 8) x

7 9) 3( x 7) x 3 0) 0.5x ) x ) x 4 3) x 49 4) x ) ( x 8) 5( x ) 6) 6 5q q 46

8 Notes & Examples Topic 6: Plotting Points In two dimensions, plot the points on the coordinate plane. The coordinate plane is made-up of the horizontal x-axis and the vertical y-axis. Each point in the coordinate plane corresponds to an ordered pair of real numbers. For example, the ordered pair W(3, -), has an x-coordinate of 3 and a y- coordinate of -. It would be represented by the following: Problem Set: Plot and label the following points on the coordinate plane. A (4,8) B (,0) C ( 4, 6) D (7, 3) E ( 0,0) F (0,6) Topic 7: Slope formula Notes & Examples Calculating Slope: If the coordinates of two points on a non-vertical line are ( x, y) and ( x, y ) then y y m, the slope of the line is given by m. x x (,3), (-5,) ( 3) m 5 4 m. 7 Problem Set: Using the points from above, calculate the slope of: ) EF ) AB

9 Topic 8: Simplify Radicals Notes: A square root is in simplest form, when there are no perfects square factors in the radicand. The radicand is the number under the radical symbol. There also cannot be any fractions in the radicand or any radicals in the denominator of a fraction. To add or subtract square roots, the radicand need to be the same. To multiply square roots, multiply the coefficients, multiply the radicands, and then simplify. Examples: Simplify. ) 44 = = ) 75 = 5 3 = 5 3 = 5 3 3) = 5 6 4) = = = = = 3 5) ( 5)(5 3) = ( 5 5 3) = (0 45) = (0 9 5) = (0 3 5) = (0 3 5) = (30 5) Problem Set: Simplify each radical. ) 64 ) 7 3) 36 4) 6 5) ) ) (5 6)( 3) 8) ( 8)(5 3)

10 Topic 9: Transformations Notes: There are four basic transformations that move a shape on the coordinate plane. Problem Set: Identify each transformation. ) ) 3) 4)