Socio-economic challenges on the way towards a competitive and self-sustaining European data economy FRAUNHOFER ISI, SIGMA ORIONIS

Transcription

1 Socio-economic challenges on the way towards a competitive and self-sustaining European data economy FRAUNHOFER ISI, SIGMA ORIONIS 1

2 Research on key societal factors Aim of the research: to gain an understanding of the key social and economic factors that are relevant in the context of big data and data reuse. Plan: 1. How to build a sustainable model? 2. Analysing society with Big Data 3. Will Big Data change society? 4. Psychology and Big Data 5. Business and Big Data 6. Building a data economy model: for who? 7. How to innovate responsibly? 2

3 Relevance of the socio-economic perspective Socially acceptability and economic viability are critical success factors Data and technology are simply enablers society puts them to work and thereby defines the data economy Actors now have the tools at their disposal to make innovative use of data to drive high-value business and societal outcomes Revenue from big data technologies and services is small compared to the value that is expected to result where they are used It must be ensured that the economic potential of data is realized in a way that is socially acceptable

4 Empowering citizens How to build a sustainable model? 4

5 What types of data? INDIVIDUALS CIVIL SOCIETY TEXT PUBLIC DATA STATES VIDEO PRIVATE DATA IMAGE AUDIO INDUSTRIES COMPANIES 5

6 Why Big Data studies should take into account SSH research and societal expectations? Sustainability Source: Brundtland UN Commission,

7 3 Levels of study: individual < social < societal Society Object of study (Discipline) Individual (Psychology) Social (Sociology) (Societal studies) 7

8 Empowering citizens Analysing society with Big Data 8

9 Revealing societal trends with opinion mining and sentiment analysis Big Data can be useful to perform opinion mining. But how to make sure that data are reliable? Or that the meaning given to data are relevant? POTENTIAL USES Analyse of emotional contagion and societal trends through sociometric studies. Wisdom of the crowd (Research on collective opinion rather than that of a single expert). Sociometry: quantitative method for measuring social relationships. LIMITS Non-existent data (e.g. around 20% of EU individuals have never used Internet) Interpretation difficulties (Data doesn t create meaning; we do) Crowd s opinion is not the truth. Risk of data manipulation (by lobbies, etc.) 9

10 Empowering citizens Will Big Data change society? 10

11 Relations between society and technologies Which came first, the society or the technology? Society Technological determinism is a theory presuming that a society's technologies drives the development of its social structure and cultural values. Social construction of technologies (SCOTT theory) is theory arguing that technology does not determine human action, but that rather, human action shapes technology. Tech (related to Big Data) 11

12 The implications of a data-rich world Big Data can be used to improve science, services, security Charting epidemics; Improving traffic flow, etc. Forecasting weather Etc. 12

13 Big Data potential issues Big Data = Big Brother? Privacy Transparency Ownership / Monopoly Ubiquity = Issues of Surveillance ; Economic and Political Power 13

14 Empowering citizens Psychology and Big Data 14

15 Mass self-communication Facing dilemma of self online communication: advantages (open speech, access to services and entertainment tech, narcissism) versus prejudices (anxiety of control) Narcissism Anxiety of Control Narcissus, Caravaggio, The Scream, Edvard Munch,

16 Behavioural impact of Big Data tech: Reasons for acceptance or rejection of technologies Technocriticism Subjective and changing perception of data collection tech (trust / mistrust) Rejection of technologies / Technophobia Circumvention strategies to mainstream solutions No access to online-only services / products; Risk of marginalization? Encryption ; False identity; Development of substitutes (software, hardware) Trust in new tech and Big Data Technophilia (strong enthusiasm for new technologies) Access to online-only services / products; Online tool for work, socialisation, etc. 16

17 Empowering citizens Business and Big Data 17

18 Key challenges for actors in the data economy Financial resources Innovative environment Availability of Human resources Business ecosystem Enabling infrastructure 18

19 Ideas to Increase Use of Big Data 1 Building data banks on critical issues 2 Engaging various key stakeholders 3 Build a cadre of data curators and analysts 4 Promoting experimentation platforms Based on : Desouza, Smith, «Big Data for Social Innovation», Standford Social Innovation Review,

20 Building a data economy model: for who? Empowering citizens Who is currently benefiting from Big Data economy? How to ensure that the Model of data economy under construction will benefit all of society? 20

21 Ensuring that the Data Economy Model under construction will benefit all of society / specific targets Who will benefit from EuDEco project?? - Scientists - Businesses - States, regional and local authorities - Civil society - Citizens Source:

22 How to ensure that big data is not held by a small number of dominant users? a) What if big data belonged to a small number of powerful private companies? GAFA Wealthy country Current economy of the four giants of Internet (GAFA): - Google - Apple - Facebook - Amazon GDP $316 Bn GDP Growth 12% Denmark GDP $330 Bn China GDP Growth 9% Source:

23 How to ensure that big data is not held by a small number of dominant users? b) What if the use and utility of Big Data is not anchored to a democratic framework? c) What if Big Data is used for Internet censorship and surveillance? Level of Internet censorship and surveillance by country throughout the world Source: Jeffrey Ogden, Wikipedia 23

24 Empowering citizens and civil society in the Big Data economy a) Creating a transparent and consultative framework «How can [ ] cross-domain analytics be conducted in a transparent, consultative framework that informs all citizens esp. those who are at the margins of society around the use of what ultimately they are the producers and benefactors of? Is it enough to have complex privacy regulations, or does the advent of big data also require for data voluntarily produced sustained consumer education, around what uses for this data lie beyond the immediate aim of communication?» Source: Sanjana Hattotuwa Big data can make South Asian cities more authoritarian, ICT4Peace Blog, April

25 Empowering citizens and civil society in the Big Data economy b) Action plan for empowering citizens about personal data collection Potential control of produced data by individuals Awareness Transparency Education, Raising Awareness Improve Law ensuring transparency No Awareness No Transparency 25

26 Empowering citizens How to innovate responsibly? 26

27 Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) Anticipation of emerging issues Reflexivity over how well or poorly existing approaches are ensuring responsible development of new tech Inclusion of key stakeholders in making decisions Responsiveness to emergent risks and opportunities Source: STILGOE, OWEN, MCNAUGHTEN, Developing a framework for responsible innovation,

28 Thank you 28