Moderation of Assessment in Higher Education: A Literature Review
|
|
- Carol Sullivan
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Moderation of Assessment in Higher Education: A Literature Review Much of this material is derived from the Assessment Moderation Toolkit developed by the ALTC Moderation for Fair Assessment in Transnational Learning and Teaching Project ( ). The toolkit provides resources including guidelines for sampling, Quick Tips and professional development. Although the main focus of the ALTC Project was transnational teaching, this literature review and much of the content of the ALTC Project s resources apply equally to the moderation of assessments in on-shore higher education programs, their marks and grades. Purpose The aim of moderation of assessment is to ensure that assessment is fair, valid and reliable (ALTC, 2012c), requiring appropriate assessment activities and accurate assessment decisions (New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 1992). A valid assessment assesses what it sets out to assess, and not something else. It is an appropriate way to assess the learning outcomes that it should be addressing, whereas a reliable assessment activity gives results that are a consistent and accurate picture of what is measured (New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 1992). There are two main reasons for moderation: accountability and improvement. Rigorous moderation of assessment may be categorized as a good practice improvement that lies between risk avoidance and quality enhancement as normative quality assurance (Baird & Gordon, 2009). Learning activities may be continuously enhanced through quality monitoring (such as the internal moderation of student assessments) in contrast to a compliance culture that does not lead to improvement (Horsburgh, 1997, 1998). The underlying principle of quality monitoring should be the encouragement and facilitation of continuous improvement. ECU s approach to continuous improvement uses the Quality@ECU model and it is the suggested method for quality monitoring at ECU (Edith Cowan University, 2010). Benefits and purposes of effective moderation are: to improve reliability through discussion of differences in markers and students interpretations of criteria and marking schemes; helping to prevent individual marker bias; decreasing the effect of hard and soft marking; increasing student confidence in marking; staff development; and creating an assessment community team of markers (Bloxham, 2009). What is moderation? Moderation of student assessment is a process aimed at ensuring that marks and grades are as valid, reliable, and fair as possible for all students and all markers. Moderation strategies may differ depending on the number of students studying the unit and the number of teaching staff involved. However, the process usually involves collaborative decision- making about assessment criteria and expectations for grading levels before marking begins. It may also involve preliminary sample marking, as well as cross marking to check for consistency. Double marking is usually carried out when a piece of assessment has received a fail grade (Institute of Teaching and Learning, 2012). Moderation is more than the checking of assessment marks; it is the checking of assessments from the development of each item to ensure that the whole assessment process is fair, valid and reliable (ALTC, 2012a) enabling equivalence and comparability (ALTC, 2010). There are a variety of understandings and practices nationally for moderation of assessment including consistency in assessment and marking; process for ensuring comparability;
2 measure of quality control; process to look at equivalence; maintaining academic standards to ensure fairness; and part of quality assurance but most people view moderation as all about marking (ALTC, 2012a). The ALTC project viewed moderation of assessment more broadly than just a quality control measure around marking. This is simply because marking and reviewing allocated grades does not guarantee quality assessment (ALTC, 2012a). Quality in educational programs has been described as meeting specified standards, being fit for purpose or as transformative. External quality evaluations are not particularly good at encouraging improvement, especially when they have a strong accountability, or audit, brief (Harvey & Williams, 2010). The heart of the holistic approach to moderation is continuous review (Lawson & Yorke, 2009). Moderation of assessment is a key practice underpinning assessment equivalence for Australian universities (ALTC, 2010). Moderation is a broad label that covers activities that help to ensure that there is uniform interpretation and application of standards (New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 1992). Moderation is a process for assuring that an assessment outcome is valid, fair and reliable and that marking criteria have been applied consistently (Bloxham, 2009). Moderation helps to raise standards, expectations and levels of consistency (The Scottish government, 2011). Moderation of on-shore assessments, grades and marks in Australian universities is achieved and is important in much the same way as moderation of transnational (off-shore) programs. The principle promoted to Australian universities to ensure quality and sustainability in the economically and educationally significant TNE market is one of comparability or equivalence between what happens in Australian- based programs and their TNE delivery (Castle & Kelly, 2004; Sanderson et al., 2010). Moderation is about comparability or equivalence between what happens in one class, assessment or program as compared with all others by the same name. The host unit coordinator is usually accountable. In the same way, for off- shore programs, the host university that confers the qualification may be held ultimately accountable for academic quality, including setting assessments and overseeing extensive moderation exercises (Lim, 2008). Moderation of assessments, as quality monitoring, should benefit the students learning experience (Harvey, 2004). Any higher education program may be identical, tailored but equivalent, significantly tailored, or completely different, from another version e.g. one offered on another campus. National protocols Moderation of assessment in higher education is particularly important for quality assurance of transnational education with the goal of equivalence and comparability between onshore and offshore provision as required by the National Protocols for Higher Education Approval Processes (ALTC, 2010). ECU s moderation policy ECU policies for Moderation of Assessment, Assessment and Course and Unit Review guide the process of moderation for all units offered outlining specific procedures for both multiple markers and managed courses. The difference between benchmarking and moderation The terms benchmarking and moderation have quite different meanings. For example, benchmarking an institution s student grades, marks and assessments is not the same as moderating these. Moderation as a process involves the checking of assessment marking to ensure equivalence, reliability, validity, fairness and accuracy (ALTC, 2012a; Bloxham, 2009) necessary whenever more than one person marks assessment items in a unit and when a unit is taught on more than one campus. The same unit may be offered over different semesters, schools, even in different countries. Moderation of assessment checks that marking is consistent such that an assessment item would be awarded the same mark by any marker. Whereas, the aim
3 of benchmarking assessment processes is to make transparent the areas for improvement and areas of good practice. Scaling of marks Scaling refers to the adjustment of student assessment scores based on statistical analyses without reference to the quality of students responses (Service Learning Australia, 2012). Post- assessment scaling of marks should be avoided (ALTC, 2012c). The need for moderation The relationship between student assessment and grading, quality assurance and academic standards has been a major issue (James, 2003). The marks and grades given to students are commonly decentralized, subject- specific decision- making processes as judgments about academic standards (Bloxham, Boyd, & Orr, 2011) often with the terms standards and criteria used interchangeably. To achieve high and consistent quality in assessment practices, investment in resources and professional development are needed with close attention paid to the role of sessional markers (Griffith University, 2012). Ensuring consistency of assessments in a unit, and even moderation of these assessments, is a challenge when a unit is offered on more than one campus and also on- line (Kuzich, Groves, O'Hare, & Pelliccione, 2010). A prerequisite for construct validity is that assessment is based on relevant content. However, one study of portfolio marking showed that the quality of markers judgement process about the content was low. Markers based their judgements mainly on personal opinion and less on evidence in the portfolios (Van der Schaaf, Baartman, & Prins, 2011). A grade is essentially a symbolic representation of the level of achievement attained by a student (Sadler, 2009). Grade integrity is defined as the extent to which each grade (or assessment mark) is strictly commensurate with the quality, breadth and depth of a student s performance (Sadler, 2009). Many assessment practices compromise grade integrity in higher education. Academic standards are fixed levels of quality that recognise student academic achievement by competent, mutually calibrated discipline and professional peers. These standards are constant points of reference but may shift deliberately in response to shifts in curriculum, technology and the discipline and profession (Sadler, 2009). Marking and grading in most disciplines is inevitably subjective (Hughes, 2011) but a systematic approach to identifying significant tacit beliefs may assist in reducing the effect on grader variation (Hunter & Docherty, 2011). Conversations amongst markers assessing student performances influenced how the group of markers reached agreement (Orr, 2007). Ipsative marking for students who are known or known to have difficult circumstances emphasizes the markers involvement with and commitment to the students development over time (Orr, 2007). If broad categories are used as the basis for grading students work or attainment of skills and knowledge, then grading becomes overtly judgmental and subject to many psychosocial pressures (Yorke, 2010). After markers had participated in a professional development using an integrated moderation of assessment program (IMAP), variation between markers tended to decrease (reliability increased) particularly when they were divided into novice and experienced groups (Bird & Yucel, 2010). Also time taken to mark tended to decrease so efficiency of marking increased after participation in the professional development (Bird & Yucel, 2010). Off- shore staff often raise the issue of academic freedom as teaching resources from another country seem prescriptive and restrictive to some lecturers (O'Rourke & Al Bulushi, 2010). Providing teaching and learning materials that can be contextualized to the local environment in another country, that account for language levels and are culturally sensitive are challenges (O'Rourke & Al Bulushi, 2010). Ensuring standards of student assessment are applied equitably across multiple campuses may be assumed (O'Rourke & Al Bulushi, 2010) and as part of moderation this assumption would need to be verified.
4 Moderation of group work and peer assessment Moderating the marks allocated to group work, a popular component of university curricula in which students complete assessment tasks as a team, is important (Bushell, 2006). The ability to work as part of an effective team is regarded as an important skill and often a graduate attribute. Despite the potential benefits of team work, moderation of marking is essential for students to feel confident that they will be rewarded fairly for their contributions and that any free- riders will not benefit from the efforts of others. The usual practice in higher education is for students to be graded solely on the quality of a submitted piece of work or presentation without consideration of the effort or input into the product (Johnston & Miles, 2004). Alternatively, team members may assess individual contribution to team performance as part of assigning grades to students on an individual basis (Bushell, 2006). Peer assessment may be done in a number of ways but moderation is especially important when it is part of summative assessment. The peer assessment marks may be submitted in secret or the team may have to agree on contributions by its members. The peer assessment grades may form a fraction of the mark or may be used as a multiplying factor. They may be a single score or several scores may be made against marking criteria. It is the task of the tutor to manage peer assessment moderation problems, ensuring that peer evaluations are used in a fair and equitable way to distribute marks to individual team members (Bushell, 2006). Peer assessment of group work may promote reflective learning and develop critical thinking skills. However, students, in one study, showed a self- bias in self- assessment of group project work, rating their own contribution higher than that of other group members. Peer- assessment disadvantages the more able students who often award themselves a lower grade than do their peers (Johnston & Miles, 2004). Yet, knowing that individual contributions to a group project were to be assessed resulted in a decrease in free- riding and more involvement in group learning (Johnston & Miles, 2004). Lejk and Wyvill (2001) recommend excluding self- assessment improves the objectivity of grading because high performing students generally tend to under- rate their own performance (Bushell, 2006). The possibility of reassigning peer grades that appear to be biased based on overall group assessment ranking has been proposed as simple, robust and acts as a powerful deterrent to dishonest assessment of peers (Bushell, 2006). Reassigning peer grades would be an open and transparent process including discussion with all team members or the whole class. This is especially important for pre- service student teachers so that they become acquainted with moderation of assessment processes that they could use later in schools. These issues arising from the assessment of group work demonstrate that moderation starts with the design of assessment tasks. Peer marking is essentially an example of multiple markers. So strategies for moderation of groupwork and peer assessments are the same moderation strategies used for multiple markers. When moderation is needed Pedagogical thinking about assessment, firmly embedded within teaching and learning, is thinking that is in contrast to assessment as a summative exercise (James, 2003) implying that moderation is needed throughout the process of teaching and learning. Moderation of assessment is especially necessary for large units; multiple markers; assessments when teaching occurs on different campuses; assessments with subjective answers; assessment that differs across individual students or cohorts of students (ALTC, 2012e). Moderation is the processes and activities that occur both before (i.e. quality assurance) and after all assessment (i.e. quality control). So moderation of assessment encompasses all stages of all assessment (ALTC, 2010, 2012a). Moderation can be applied in three phases: 1. assessment design and development; 2. implementation, marking and grading; and
5 3. review and evaluation (ALTC, 2012a, 2012c). How moderation is done The process of moderation commonly occurs after marking commonly in university practice (Kuzich, et al., 2010) with moderation usually carried out by sampling, i.e. targeting selected, representative points to check the quality of the whole (New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 1992). However, the ALTC Project team suggests using marking criteria, discussions of standards, cross marking and avoiding post- hoc adjustment of marks/grades as good practices in moderation of assessment in higher education (ALTC, 2012b). Quality of judgments when marking portfolios improved with the use of marking criteria (Van der Schaaf, et al., 2011). Marking guides and processes that check marking and check that all staff are familiar with standards must be instituted for uniform standards to be maintained (Castle & Kelly, 2004). Building tutors expertise at the commencement of a unit increased the rigour of assessments and maintain consistent tutor expectations and marking comparability (Kuzich, et al., 2010). Identifying papers with the greatest variances from blind reviewing then concentrating discussion on these focuses the socialization process (Hunter & Docherty, 2011). There are many moderation strategies and only a few of these strategies need to be employed for the greatest impact after considering the likely contributors to a lack of comparability (ALTC, 2012d). The ALTC team suggests ten moderation strategies with statistical moderation only to be used when all other ten strategies fail: 1. making assessment and marking criteria explicit, provide exemplars; 2. distributing marking keys/guides; 3. conducting comparability meetings ( consensus moderation ); 4. monitoring markers; 5. second- marking; 6. having one person acting as moderator for transnational contexts; 7. anonymous assessment; 8. double- blind marking; 9. panel marking; 10. external moderation; and 11. statistical moderation (ALTC, 2012d). Assessment design and development before assessment is set The first phase of moderation is to review all assessment items collaboratively with all markers before the assessment is set and make amendments as required. Identify assessment items that may advantage or disadvantage any students, potential marking biases, cultural issues and subjectivity and amend where necessary. 1. Check that items match the learning outcomes; are as objective and fair as possible; take into account learning styles, English language, cultural bias, cultural and tacit knowledge; and are varied across the unit and course. 2. Check that there is enough time for students to complete the task well. 3. Check that the assessment does not disadvantage students whose first language is not English. 4. Check that criteria, rubrics and marking keys are clear, detailed and emphasise merit for students in all contexts; and for the entire marking team. 5. Ensure that students are familiar with assessment criteria, rubrics and marking keys. 6. Hold a real or virtual pre- marking meeting with all markers to discuss requirements, standards and possible divergent answers to assessment questions. Implementation, marking and grading done before marks are allocated
6 The second phase of moderation is the implementation, marking and grading that is done before marks are allocated. Whenever more than one person marks an assessment item in a unit, a moderation process must be used to ensure consistency of marks and grades. The unit coordinator is responsible for arranging the moderation process of marks and grades. Ideally, the same person marks each question across all papers for a unit but this is not always possible. So consider sampling items. Choose a small number of items from a larger group so that you can make judgments about the larger group. A suitable sample of assessments is found by choosing a number of items equal to the square root of the cohort (with a minimum of five papers) plus all fails (Bloxham & Boyd, 2007). A summary of sampling considerations is provided by the ALTC project team in the Assessment Moderation Toolkit. Bloxham, S., & Boyd, P. (2007). Developing effective assessment in higher education: A practical guide. Maidenhead: Open University Press. If there are multiple markers, 1. Conduct a consensus marking exercise: double mark a sample of anonymous items and compare marks; or cross mark anonymous assessments from students they do not directly teach; compare marking ranges across different cohorts and markers; and give timely and sensitive feedback to markers. It is important that the markers are not influenced by another marker, their comments, their marks or by knowledge of the student. Double marking: two staff mark the same piece of work submitted for assessment. The original marks and comments may be seen by the second marker. Blind double marking: double marking in which the second marker does not see the original comments or marks. Cross marking: assessments from two staff are exchanged for marking e.g. a tutor marks another tutor s assessments; or a lecturer on one campus marks for the lecturer on another campus and vice versa. For off- shore managed courses, see the specific required steps outlined in 4.2 of the ECU policy for Moderation of Assessment and 4.5 (v) of the Assessment policy. The ECU Unit Coordinator marks the major assessment or final examination and also remarks (10% of enrolment; at least 8) samples of each assessment item (of all grades) then records the results on the Assessment Moderation Report online. 2. Hold a real or virtual pre- marking meeting with all markers discuss student work that attains very high or very low marks; collaboratively negotiate the allocation of marks and grades to assessment scripts; and provide a spreadsheet or similar showing all finalized marks and the range of marks to all markers. If marking large numbers over an extended period of time, review earlier items. For off- shore managed courses, the ECU Unit Coordinator receives the marks for all assessments from the ECU International Partnership Services Officer, collates the marks and grades then submits a Unit Moderation Report online. The Course Coordinator uses this report in the Annual Course Report as detailed in the ECU policy for Course and Unit Review. Review and evaluation when marks have been allocated
7 The third and final phase of moderation is the review and evaluation as part of the ongoing improvement process ready for the next time the unit is taught. 1. Avoid post- assessment scaling of marks. 2. With contributions from the teaching and marking team, identify and address potential marking biases; communication issues between the marking team; cultural issues in assessment and moderation; and areas for improvement in curriculum and assessment when next taught. 3. Complete a moderation report with contributions from the teaching and marking team on all these aspects. Conclusions Moderation is an integral part of good practice in assessment. Moderation is a continual process ensuring that marks and grades as valid, reliable, equivalent and fair as possible for all students and all markers (ALTC, 2012c). Moderation of assessment is especially necessary for large units; multiple markers; assessments when teaching occurs on different campuses; assessments with subjective answers; and assessment that differs across individual students or cohorts of students. References ALTC. (2010). Moderation for Fair Assessment in TNE Literature Review. Retrieved from ALTC. (2012a). Assessment Moderation Toolkit, from ALTC. (2012b). Good practices in moderation of assessment in transnational education. Retrieved from ALTC. (2012c). Moderation Checklist. Retrieved from ALTC. (2012d). Moderation Strategies. Retrieved from ALTC. (2012e). Streamlining moderation policy and processes, from Baird, J., & Gordon, G. (2009). Beyond the Rhetoric: A framework for evaluating improvements to the student experience. Tertiary Education and Management, 15(3), doi: / Bird, F., & Yucel, R. (2010). Building sustainable expertise in marking: integrating the moderation of first year assessment. Paper presented at the ATN Assessment conference University of Technology Sydney. Bloxham, S. (2009). Marking and moderation in the UK: false assumptions and wasted resources. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 34(2), doi: / Bloxham, S., & Boyd, P. (2007). Developing effective assessment in higher education: A practical guide. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Bloxham, S., Boyd, P., & Orr, S. (2011). Mark my words: the role of assessment criteria in UK higher education grading practices. Studies in Higher Education, 36(6), doi: / Bushell, G. (2006). Moderation of peer assessment in group projects. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 31(1), doi: / Castle, R., & Kelly, D. (2004). International education: quality assurance and standards in offshore teaching: exemplars and problems. Quality in Higher Education, 10(1), doi: / Griffith University. (2012). Service Learning, from support/service- learning Harvey, L. (2004). War of the Worlds: who wins in the battle for quality supremacy? Quality in Higher Education, 10(1), doi: / Harvey, L., & Williams, J. (2010). Fifteen Years of Quality in Higher Education. Quality in Higher Education, 16(1), doi: /
8 Horsburgh, M. (1997). External Quality Monitoring in New Zealand Tertiary Education. Quality in Higher Education, 3(1), doi: / Horsburgh, M. (1998). Quality Monitoring in Two Institutions: a comparison. Quality in Higher Education, 4(2), doi: / Hughes, G. (2011). Towards a personal best: a case for introducing ipsative assessment in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 36(3), Hunter, K., & Docherty, P. (2011). Reducing variation in the assessment of student writing. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 36(1), doi: / James, R. (2003). Academic standards and the assessment of student learning: Some current issues in Australian higher education. Tertiary Education and Management, 9(3), doi: / Johnston, L., & Miles, L. (2004). Assessing contributions to group assignments. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 29(6), doi: / Kuzich, S., Groves, R., O'Hare, S., & Pelliccione, L. (2010). Building team capacity: sustaining quality in assessment and moderation practices in a fully online unit. Paper presented at the ATN Assessment Conference, University of Technology Sydney. Lawson, K., & Yorke, J. (2009). The development of moderation across the institution: a comparison of two approaches. Paper presented at the ATN Assessment Conference, RMIT University. ntations Lim, F. C. B. (2008). Understanding quality assurance: a cross country case study. Quality Assurance in Education, 16(2), doi: / New Zealand Qualifications Authority. (1992). Moderation of Assessment: An Introduction for National Standards Bodies. O'Rourke, S., & Al Bulushi, H. A. (2010). Managing Quality from a Distance: A Case Study of Collaboration Between Oman and New Zealand. Quality in Higher Education, 16(3), doi: / Orr, S. (2007). Assessment moderation: constructing the marks and constructing the students. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 32(6), doi: / Sadler, D. R. (2009). Grade integrity and the representation of academic achievement. Studies in higher Education, 34(7), doi: / Sanderson, G., Yeo, S., Thuraisingam, T., Briguglio, C., Mahmud, S., Singh, P. H., et al. (2010). Interpretations of Comparability and Equivalence around Assessment: Views of Academic Staff in Transnational Education. Paper presented at the Australian Quality Forum: Quality in Uncertain Times, Gold Coast, Australia. Service Learning Australia. (2012). Service Learning Australia, from The Scottish government. (2011). Curriculum for excellence Building the curriculum 5 a framework for assessment Van der Schaaf, M., Baartman, L., & Prins, F. (2011). Exploring the role of assessment criteria during teachers collaborative judgement processes of students portfolios. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, doi: / Yorke, M. (2010). Summative assessment: dealing with the 'measurement fallacy'. Studies in Higher Education, 36(3), doi: /
Assessment Policy. 1 Introduction. 2 Background
Assessment Policy 1 Introduction This document has been written by the National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) to provide policy makers, researchers, teacher educators and practitioners with
More informationPost-accreditation monitoring report: The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. June 2007 QCA/07/3407
Post-accreditation monitoring report: The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development June 2007 QCA/07/3407 Contents Executive summary... 4 Accreditation conditions... 4 Observations... 5 Introduction...
More informationAssessment for Curriculum for Excellence. Strategic Vision Key Principles
Assessment for Curriculum for Excellence Strategic Vision Key Principles Assessment for Curriculum for Excellence Strategic Vision and Key Principles Cabinet Secretary s Foreword Curriculum for Excellence
More informationQUALITY ASSURANCE POLICY
QUALITY ASSURANCE POLICY ACADEMIC DEVELOPMENT & QUALITY ASSURANCE OFFICE ALPHA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE 1. BACKGROUND The Strategic Plan of 2003-2005 E.C of Alpha University s defines the direction Alpha University
More informationInternal Quality Assurance Arrangements
National Commission for Academic Accreditation & Assessment Handbook for Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Saudi Arabia PART 2 Internal Quality Assurance Arrangements Version 2.0 Internal Quality
More informationLearning Outcomes Implementation Guidance - Revised Staff Questions & Answers Document
Committee: International Accounting Education Standards Board Meeting Location: IFAC Headquarters, New York, USA Meeting Date: November 4 6, 2015 SUBJECT: Learning Outcomes Implementation Guidance - Revised
More informationA Guide. to Assessment of Learning Outcomes. for ACEJMC Accreditation
A Guide to Assessment of Learning Outcomes for ACEJMC Accreditation Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications, 2012 This guide explains ACEJMC s expectations of an assessment
More informationROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The roles and responsibilities expected of teachers at each classification level are specified in the Victorian Government
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The roles and responsibilities expected of teachers at each classification level are specified in the Victorian Government Schools Agreement 2004: Leading teacher Leading teachers
More informationQUALITY ASSURANCE DOCUMENT QA3 - PROGRAMME SPECIFICATION
QUALITY ASSURANCE DOCUMENT QA3 - PROGRAMME SPECIFICATION 1. Target Award MSc Data Analytics and Marketing 2. Programme Title MSc Data Analytics and Marketing 3. Exit Awards PG Diploma Data Analytics and
More informationcurriculum for excellence building the curriculum 5 a framework for assessment: quality assurance and moderation
building the curriculum 5 a framework for assessment: quality assurance and moderation > SUCCESSFUL LEARNERS > CONFIDENT INDIVIDUALS > RESPONSIBLE CITIZENS > EFFECTIVE CONTRIBUTORS Crown copyright 2010
More informationD R A F T. Faculty Senate Ad Hoc Committee on Quality in Online Learning.
Faculty Senate Ad Hoc Committee on Quality in Online Learning. The Faculty Senate Ad Hoc Committee on the Future Direction of Quality Education is charged with: Defining quality in online/distance education
More informationPROGRAMME SPECIFICATION
PROGRAMME SPECIFICATION 1 Awarding Institution Newcastle University 2 Teaching Institution Newcastle University 3 Final Award Master of Science Postgraduate Diploma Postgraduate Certificate 4 Programme
More informationSupporting You. Supporting You. Supporting You. Dedicated website support. Visit the BTEC website for all your BTEC needs;
Getting Ready to Teach next generation BTEC First for level 2 learners in Construction Course Code:13BVC01 2 Aims and Objectives 1 Supporting You I am a Examinations Officer Teacher Quality Nominee I need
More informationHertsmere Borough Council. Data Quality Strategy. December 2009 1
Hertsmere Borough Council Data Quality Strategy December 2009 1 INTRODUCTION Public services need reliable, accurate and timely information with which to manage services, inform users and account for performance.
More informationAssessment Audit Tool
Assessment Audit Tool Version May 2004 An Audit is a good way to initiate discussion and development on an issue. It enables you to make clear the range of activities which may contribute to the issue
More informationDECS IMPROVEMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK RESOURCES GUIDE TO SELF REVIEW
DECS IMPROVEMENT AND ACCOUNTABILITY FRAMEWORK RESOURCES GUIDE TO SELF REVIEW Reflect... Improve... Achieve GUIDE TO SELF REVIEW The purpose of Self Review Effective organisations regularly monitor and
More informationPlanning and Programming Guidelines for Teachers. Transition Year 9
Planning and Programming Guidelines for Teachers Transition Year 9 2010 Planning and Programming Guidelines for Teachers Transition Year 9 NT Department of Employment and Training Requirements for curriculum,
More informationeculture Enhancing Relevant Curriculum Engagement in the Applied and Analytical Chemistry Course Rowena Scott Mary Boyce Volume 3 2010 Article 10
eculture Volume 3 2010 Article 10 Enhancing Relevant Curriculum Engagement in the Applied and Analytical Chemistry Course Rowena Scott Mary Boyce Edith Cowan University, r.scott@ecu.edu.au Edith Cowan
More informationAdministration of the Victorian Certificate of Education
Administration of the Victorian Certificate of Education Administration of the Victorian Certificate of Education June 2010 Victorian Auditor-General s Report Telephone 61 3 8601 7000 Facsimile 61 3 8601
More informationThis course has specialisations available in financial planning and banking
Education provider Course Duration Prerequisite Available majors Course description Charles Sturt University Master of Applied Finance 2 years full- time or equivalent part- time study CQUniversity Australia
More informationQuality Assurance. Policy P7
Quality Assurance Policy P7 Table of Content Quality assurance... 3 IIA Australia quality assurance and professional standards... 3 Quality assurance and professional qualifications... 4 Quality assurance
More informationPanellists guidance for moderating panels (Leadership Fellows Scheme)
Panellists guidance for moderating panels (Leadership Fellows Scheme) Contents 1. What is an introducer?... 1 2. The role of introducers prior to the panel meeting... 2 Assigning of roles... 2 Conflicts
More information7 Directorate Performance Managers. 7 Performance Reporting and Data Quality Officer. 8 Responsible Officers
Contents Page 1 Introduction 2 2 Objectives of the Strategy 2 3 Data Quality Standards 3 4 The National Indicator Set 3 5 Structure of this Strategy 3 5.1 Awareness 4 5.2 Definitions 4 5.3 Recording 4
More informationPROGRAMME SPECIFICATION
PROGRAMME SPECIFICATION 1. Programme Title BA (Hons) Counselling 2. Name of final Award (s) 3. Awarding body/institution 4. Teaching institution 5. Mode (s) of Delivery GENERAL INFORMATION BA (Hons) Counselling
More informationProcurement Programmes & Projects P3M3 v2.1 Self-Assessment Instructions and Questionnaire. P3M3 Project Management Self-Assessment
Procurement Programmes & Projects P3M3 v2.1 Self-Assessment Instructions and Questionnaire P3M3 Project Management Self-Assessment Contents Introduction 3 User Guidance 4 P3M3 Self-Assessment Questionnaire
More informationSelf-Assessment Duval County School System. Level 3. Level 3. Level 3. Level 4
Standard 1: Purpose and Direction 1.1 The system engages in a systematic, inclusive, and comprehensive process to review, revise, and communicate a system-wide propose for the student success. The system
More informationUNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM CODE OF PRACTICE ON EXTERNAL EXAMINING (TAUGHT PROVISION)
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM CODE OF PRACTICE ON EXTERNAL EXAMINING (TAUGHT PROVISION) 1 Index of points 1. Principles 2. Appointment of External Examiners 3. Induction 4. Enhancement of Quality 5. Scrutiny
More informationAssessment, Recording and Reporting Policy
St Peter s CE (VA) Infants School Assessment, Recording and Reporting Policy Philosophy Assessment is essential for the promotion of effective learning and teaching. It enables the teacher to deliver an
More informationFOCUS MONASH. Strategic Plan 2015 2020
F CUS FOCUS MONASH Strategic Plan 2015 2020 2 Vice-Chancellor s Introduction 4 Over the last half century, Monash University has forged a path that reflects the ambitions of its beginnings and signals
More informationPOSTGRADUATE PROGRAMME SPECIFICATION
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMME SPECIFICATION Programme Title: Awarding Body: Teaching Institution: Final Awards: MSc International Accounting and Financial Management Staffordshire University Staffordshire University
More informationInformation for New Scheme Teachers
Information for New Scheme Teachers INTRODUCTION Teaching is a dynamic and rewarding profession. Good teachers provide students with rich, interesting and well structured learning experiences. Teachers
More informationBlackburn College Teaching, Learning and Assessment Strategy. 25 August 2015
Blackburn College Teaching, Learning and Assessment Strategy 25 August 2015 1 Introduction This document provides a Teaching, Learning and Assessment Strategy covering all of the College s Further Education
More informationPostgraduate Study in School Leadership 2015-2016 Prospectus. Be a leader.
Postgraduate Study in School Leadership 2015-2016 Prospectus Be a leader. Contents Who we are. 2 The program. 3 Credit milestones. 5 Building School Culture. 6 Why enrol? 7 The details. 9 CIRCLE is a great
More informationP3M3 Portfolio Management Self-Assessment
Procurement Programmes & Projects P3M3 v2.1 Self-Assessment Instructions and Questionnaire P3M3 Portfolio Management Self-Assessment P3M3 is a registered trade mark of AXELOS Limited Contents Introduction
More informationTHE DEVELOPMENT OF CLEANER PRODUCTION COURSES AT SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLEANER PRODUCTION COURSES AT SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Julia Lamborn Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Australia Summary Swinburne University of Technology commenced
More informationDigital Industries Apprenticeship: Assessment Plan. Cyber Security Technologist. April 2016
Digital Industries Apprenticeship: Assessment Plan Cyber Security Technologist April 2016 1 Digital Industries Apprenticeships: Assessment Plan 1. General Introduction and Overview The apprenticeship Standard
More informationAustralian National Audit Office. Report on Results of a Performance Audit of Contract Management Arrangements within the ANAO
Australian National Audit Office Report on Results of a Performance Audit of Contract Management Arrangements within the ANAO Commonwealth of Australia 2002 ISBN 0 642 80678 0 10 December 2002 Dear Mr
More informationEvaluating teaching. 6.1 What is teacher evaluation and why is it important?
6 Evaluating Just as assessment that supports is critical for student, teacher evaluation that focuses on providing accurate evidence of practice and supports improvement is central for teachers. Having
More informationUCL Personal Tutoring Strategy
APPENDIX AC 3/32 (09-10) UCL Personal Tutoring Strategy Recognising that UCL s commitment to provide its students with a first-rate learning experience encompasses both academic and personal dimensions,
More informationFramework for Quality Assurance
Framework for Quality Assurance Approving authority Academic Provost Approval date 10 September 2014 Advisor Next scheduled review 2018 Deputy Academic Registrar Academic Services K.vanHaeringen@griffith.edu.au
More informationSection 1 - General Course Information
Course Information Form (CIF) The CIF provides core information to students, staff teams and others on a particular course of study. Section 1 - General Course Information Course Title Advanced Nursing
More informationSecondary School Assessment, Recording and Reporting Policy
Secondary School Assessment, Recording and Reporting Policy Introduction The aims of this document are to establish clear guidelines on the use of assessment in the International School of Toulouse (IST)
More informationUniversity Centre at Blackburn College. Abbreviated Programme Specification Containing Both Core + Supplementary Information
Abbreviated Programme Specification Containing Both Core + Supplementary Information The Degree consistently involves both employers in all stages of the programme delivery including design, delivery,
More informationStudy Guide for the Library Media Specialist Test Revised 2009
Study Guide for the Library Media Specialist Test Revised 2009 A PUBLICATION OF ETS Table of Contents Study Guide for the Library Media Specialist Test TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction to the Library
More informationPrettygate Junior School. Assessment, Recording and Reporting Policy. Date: Summer 2015 Review: Summer 2018
Prettygate Junior School Assessment, Recording and Reporting Policy Date: Summer 2015 Review: Summer 2018 Vision Ensuring a safe, welcoming environment where everyone is valued Providing experiences to
More informationAssessment and feedback principles - draft for consultation
Assessment and feedback principles - draft for consultation 1 Purpose The purpose of the attached discussion paper is to invite members of Faculty Teaching and Learning Committee to consider whether the
More informationProgram Personnel Standards Approval Form. Disciplrne: Nursing. ','J1* )lplll. RTP Committeehair Date i
Program Personnel Standards Approval Form Disciplrne: Nursing ','J1* )lplll RTP Committeehair Date i Introduction Relationship of Discipline Standards to CSU Channel Islands Program Standards To understand
More informationPostgraduate Study in School Leadership Professional Honours 2015 Prospectus
Postgraduate Study in School Leadership Professional Honours 2015 Prospectus The Postgraduate Study in School Leadership Professional Honours, is a unique on-line program of study that empowers the next
More informationGood Practice Framework for Research Training
Steering us in the right direction towards research training quality In Australian Higher Education (HE) institutions, there is wide variation in Higher Degree by Research (HDR) policies and procedures
More informationExternal Examiner's Report Template Academic Year: 2012-13
External Examiner's Report Template Academic Year: 2012-13 Section A Name of External Examiner: Karen Teasdale Home Institution of External Examiner: Birmingham City University UW Award/Course being externally
More informationThe Standards for Registration: mandatory requirements for Registration with the General Teaching Council for Scotland December 2012
DRIVING FORWARD PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS FOR TEACHERS The Standards for Registration: mandatory requirements for Registration with the General Teaching Council for Scotland December 2012 Contents Page The
More informationProcedures for the Conduct of Graded Assessment in a Competency- Based Framework
PROCEDURE Procedures for the Conduct of Graded Assessment in a Competency- Based Framework Operational Schools & Colleges Responsibility Related Policy Management of Results PROCEDURE STATEMENT Intent
More informationLearning and Teaching
B E S T PRACTICES NEA RESEARCH BRIEF Learning and Teaching July 2006 This brief outlines nine leading research-based concepts that have served as a foundation for education reform. It compares existing
More informationSection 1 - General Course Information
Course Information Form (CIF) The CIF provides core information to students, staff teams and others on a particular course of study. Section 1 - General Course Information Course Title Applied Social Work
More informationGuide to CQI Qualifications for learners
Guide to CQI Qualifications for learners CQI Qualifications and Professional Recognition Quality management is about improving organisational performance in delivering product and service that meet customer
More informationMETHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF NON-FORMAL AND INFORMAL LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS IN A STUDY PROCESS
TIMA-Balt Leonardo da Vinci programme project TRANSFER OF INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENT OF VET TEACHERS PRIOR LEARNING LLP-LdV-TOI-2007-LT-0004 Contents: Introduction I. Principles II. Prerequisites
More informationAssessment Centres and Psychometric Testing. Procedure
Assessment Centres and Psychometric Testing Procedure INDEX INTRODUCTION 3 DEFINITION 3 Assessment & Development Centres 3 Psychometric Tests 3 SCOPE 4 RESPONSIBILITIES 5 WHEN SHOULD TESTS BE USED 5 CHOOSING
More informationHigher National Unit specification: general information
Higher National Unit specification: general information Unit code: DV74 35 Superclass: BA Publication date: November 2014 Source: Scottish Qualifications Authority Version: 03 Unit purpose This Unit is
More informationPolicy statement: Assessment, recording and reporting achievement.
Policy statement: Assessment, recording and reporting achievement. In partnership with the home and the local community, the school has a responsibility to fulfil the demands of the national curriculum
More informationAssessment Policy. Date of next review: September 2016
Assessment Policy 2015 Policy Review Details This policy will be reviewed by the governing body on an annual basis Date of Issue: September 2015 Governor Signature Date of next review: September 2016 Headteacher
More informationStatement on Quality Assurance Policies and Processes
Statement on Quality Assurance Policies and Processes Contents Background... 2 Purpose Statement... 2 Applicability and Scope... 2 Responsibilities... 2 Quality assurance principles... 3 Student engagement
More informationThe International Standing of Australian Universities. Executive Summary
Ross Williams Nina Van Dyke Melbourne Institute The International Standing of Australian Universities Executive Summary The world s finest universities have always been international in outlook, attracting
More informationIndustrial Technology Trades. Course Framework
Industrial Technology Trades Industrial Technology Trades Course Framework For courses accredited from 2012 INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY TRADES B S S S AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY COURSE FRAMEWORK INTRODUCTION
More informationGettysburg College. Co-Curricular Learning Assessment Plan. Subcommittee on Learning Outside the Classroom. June 15, 2003.
Gettysburg College Co-Curricular Learning Assessment Plan Subcommittee on Learning Outside the Classroom June 15, 2003 Submitted by: Julie Ramsey David Wright David Steinour Robin Wagner Thomas Mottola
More informationMonash Abroad Manager
Monash Abroad Manager Employer School/ Unit Monash University Malaysia External Relations, Development and Alumni Level/ Classification HEW 7 Employment type Full time (1.0) Work location Malaysia Date
More informationA quality assurance and benchmarking framework in an academic library
A quality assurance and benchmarking framework in an academic library Imogen Garner University Librarian Curtin University Library, Australia igarner@curtin.edu.au Karen Tang Associate Director Curtin
More informationProcedures for Assessment in VCE Studies
Procedures for Assessment in VCE Studies 2015 Contents Procedures for Assessment in VCE Studies... 1 Introduction... 1 School-based Assessment... 1 Satisfactory completion of VCE units... 1 The VCAA rules
More informationPostgraduate Study in School Leadership 2015-2016 Prospectus. Be a leader.
Postgraduate Study in School Leadership 2015-2016 Prospectus Be a leader. Contents Who we are. The program. Credit milestones. Building School Strategy. Why enrol? The details. 2 3 5 6 7 9 CIRCLE is a
More informationReport of External Evaluation and Review
Report of External Evaluation and Review New Zealand Tertiary College Highly Confident in educational performance Highly Confident in capability in self-assessment Date of report: 30 November 2010 Contents
More informationCollaborative development of evaluation capacity and tools for natural resource management
Collaborative development of evaluation capacity and tools for natural resource management Helen Watts (Adaptive Environmental Management, formerly NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change) Sandra
More informationProcedures for the Review of New and Existing Undergraduate Programmes
Procedures for the Review of New and Existing Undergraduate Programmes 1. Quality Assurance at Imperial College 1.1 The Senate of Imperial College has established a number of principal committees which
More informationAustralia-wide accreditation of programs for the professional preparation of teachers. A consultation paper
Australia-wide accreditation of programs for the professional preparation of teachers A consultation paper was established as the national body for the teaching profession with funding provided by the
More informationEUR-ACE. Framework Standards for the Accreditation of Engineering Programmes. Foreword... 2. 1. Programme Outcomes for Accreditation...
As approved by the ENAEE Administrative Council on 5 November 2008 EUR-ACE Framework Standards for the Accreditation of Engineering Programmes Table of Contents Foreword... 2 1. Programme Outcomes for
More informationPrincipal Practice Observation Tool
Principal Performance Review Office of School Quality Division of Teaching and Learning Principal Practice Observation Tool 2014-15 The was created as an evidence gathering tool to be used by evaluators
More informationSENIOR MANAGEMENT APPRAISAL
Report Resources Committee 2 April 21 SENIOR MANAGEMENT APPRAISAL 5-1. Reason for Report To appraise Members of developments since the Best Value and Community Planning Audit highlighted a number of issues
More informationASSESSMENT, RECORDING AND REPORTING (ARR) GUIDELINES
Assessment, Recording and Reporting Guideline Dated May 2015 Review Period 3 Years Curriculum Author DS CHRISTLETON HIGH SCHOOL ASSESSMENT, RECORDING AND REPORTING (ARR) GUIDELINES 1 Introduction 1.1 Every
More informationCharity Accounting and Financial Management (Conversion) Cass Business School Department or equivalent MSc Programme (Cass Business School)
PROGRAMME SPECIFICATION KEY FACTS Programme name Award School Charity Accounting and Financial Management (Conversion) MSc Cass Business School Department or equivalent MSc Programme (Cass Business School)
More informationNational Commission for Academic Accreditation & Assessment. Handbook for Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Saudi Arabia PART 1
National Commission for Academic Accreditation & Assessment Handbook for Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Saudi Arabia PART 1 THE SYSTEM FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE AND ACCREDITATION Ver. 2.0 THE SYSTEM
More informationfor Vocational Education and Training (KRIVET) but the findings are not included in this paper.
A Comparison of Quality Management approaches for the Training and Vocational Sector in Seven Countries Liz Bowen-Clewley, Competency International Ltd, New Zealand (liz@cil.co.nz) Karen Cooper, Competency
More informationTHE QUEEN S SCHOOL Assessment Policy
The Queen s Church of England Primary School Encouraging every child to reach their full potential, nurtured and supported in a Christian community which lives by the values of Love, Compassion and Respect.
More informationInitial Teacher Education: Selection Criteria for Teacher Education Candidates
Initial Teacher Education: Selection Criteria for Teacher Education Candidates Prepared by: The Australian Secondary Principals Association on behalf of the peak national principal associations June 2015
More informationShell Mentoring Toolkit
Shell Mentoring Toolkit A reference document for mentors and mentees Human Resources LEARNING 25/07/2007 Copyright: Shell International Ltd 2006 CONTENTS What is Mentoring? 4 The Mentor s Role The Role
More informationThe elearning Competency Framework for Teachers and Trainers
The elearning Competency Framework for Teachers and Trainers Produced by ettnet TWG 2 Based on EIfEL standards The elearning Competency Framework for Teachers and Trainers...1 Introduction 4 elearning
More informationThe following points have been raised by the Task and Finish Group regarding performance criteria:
Performance criteria 1. Comments from T & F Group The following points have been raised by the Task and Finish Group regarding performance criteria: - Management of the University agreed to use a Balanced
More informationUNIVERSITY OF ULSTER: COLERAINE PROGRAMME SPECIFICATION. COURSE TITLE: B.Sc. (HONS) SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY/ B.Sc. (HONS) SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY with DPP
25 UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER: COLERAINE PROGRAMME SPECIFICATION COURSE TITLE: B.Sc. (HONS) SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY/ B.Sc. (HONS) SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY with DPP PLEASE NOTE: This specification provides a concise summary
More informationGraduate Certificate in Higher Education (GCHE) Monash University Sunway Campus (MUSC) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 7 May 2012
Graduate Certificate in Higher Education (GCHE) Monash University Sunway Campus (MUSC) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 7 May 2012 1. Why should I be interested in the GCHE? You ve just completed your
More informationProfessionals Responsible for Campus Turnaround Plan Development: Name:
Date of Board Grades Served: 6 8 Approval: 5/23/2016 Consecutive School Years Rated Academically Unacceptable/Improvement Required: Dr. Terrence Eaton Ron Gonzales Jonathan Smith Dr. Velma Wilson Diane
More informationRygaards International Secondary School Assessment, Recording and Reporting Policy
Rygaards International Secondary School Assessment, Recording and Reporting Policy ASSESSMENT The purpose of assessment The purpose of assessment is to enhance the quality of teaching and learning. Assessment
More informationProgramme Specifications
Programme Specifications ADVANCED DIPLOMA IN ENGLISH LITERATURE 1 Awarding body University of Cambridge 2 Teaching institution University of Cambridge Institute of Continuing Education * 3 Accreditation
More informationCritical Thinking Skills
Edith Cowan University Critical Thinking Skills Introduction This document has been designed to support you with your embedding of critical appraisal skills in a unit. It provides specific strategies to
More informationAccreditation Standards for Entry-Level. Occupational Therapy Education Programs PRELIMINARY CONSULTATION
Accreditation Standards for Entry-Level Occupational Therapy Education Programs PRELIMINARY CONSULTATION NOVEMBER 2012 Occupational Therapy Council (Australia & New Zealand) Ltd PO Box 959 South Perth
More informationJoint Statement of Principles for Professional Accreditation
Universities Australia and Professions Australia Joint Statement of Principles for Professional Accreditation 9 March 2016 Preamble Professions Australia and Universities Australia, and the members of
More informationExamples of Proficiency-based Learning Options
Examples of Proficiency-based Learning Options Some Proficiency-based Learning Options Extended Travel & work experience Differentiate instruction for individual Individual self-paced work Prior experience
More informationENGINEERING COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICA
ENGINEERING COUNCIL OF SOUTH AFRICA Standards and Procedures System Policy on Registration of Persons in Professional Categories Status: Approved by Council Document : R-01-P Rev-1.4 9 April 2013 Background:
More informationMASTER S COURSES FASHION & LUXURY BRAND MANAGEMENT
MASTER S COURSES FASHION & LUXURY BRAND MANAGEMENT postgraduate programmes master s course fashion & luxury brand management 02 Brief Descriptive Summary Over the past 80 years Istituto Marangoni has grown
More informationEnvironmental Association for Universities and Colleges (EAUC) EAUC Head Office, University of Gloucestershire, The Park Campus, Cheltenham
JOB DESCRIPTION Job Title: EAUC Membership Services Manager Salary Grade: Grade 6 24,273-28,983 Reference Number: School/Department: Base Location: S817 Environmental Association for Universities and Colleges
More informationThe Standards for Leadership and Management: supporting leadership and management development December 2012
DRIVING FORWARD PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS FOR TEACHERS The Standards for Leadership and Management: supporting leadership and management development December 2012 Contents Page The Standards for Leadership
More informationData collation, analysis, interpretation & communication
Title of Post: Contract Type: Location: Reporting to: Responsible for: JOB DESCRIPTION Head of Reporting and Data Analysis Permanent University of Wales: Trinity Saint David, based at the Carmarthen campus
More informationCase Study: Public Relations
Internationalisation of the Curriculum in Action Case Study: Public Relations This case study was developed as part of an Australian Learning and Teaching Council National Teaching Fellowship, Internationalisation
More informationMechanical Measurement and Inspection Techniques
Unit 19: Mechanical Measurement and Inspection Techniques Unit code: QCF Level 3: Credit value: 10 Guided learning hours: 60 Aim and purpose J/600/0269 BTEC National This unit will give learners a broad
More information