Software Architecture & Composition. Guillaume Waignier, Anne-Françoise Le Meur, Laurence Duchien Project-Team U. Lille 1/CNRS-INRIA

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1 1 Software Architecture & Composition Guillaume Waignier, Anne-Françoise Le Meur, Laurence Duchien Project-Team U. Lille 1/CNRS-INRIA April 2009

2 2 Scientific context Future applications will be multi-paradigms and will be deployed on multi-scale environments New forms of complexity Applications should be adapted in the best way to exploit these networks Need for reasoning on the environmental conditions to adapt the software with a minimum of effort Report: beyond the Horizon, thematic Group 6, FP7, Software Intensive Systems,

3 3 ADAM s challenge Adaptation throughout the software lifecycle Adaptive distributed application design (UML, ADL, DSL) Adaptive component frameworks for distributed applications (Fractal, SCA, SOA) Adaptive Deployment WiFi Network LAN Grid5000 3

4 4 Software Models CAPucine Software Systems CALICO Services/Fractal Embedded/Fractal FraSCAti FraSCAme Soleil TINAP DeployWare 4 4

5 5 Outline Scientific context Component AssembLy Interaction Control framework 1. CALICO Framework [MODeLS 2008] 2. CALICO model-level Unified framework for designing and analyzing application properties Structure design Contractual application specifications Contractual specifications composition 3. CALICO platform-level Conclusion and perspectives

6 Scientific context 6

7 7 Context Software Architecture components or services Visible external properties Interface, behavior Relations assembly ( abstraction Understandable (high level ( reuse ) Construction ( ADLs ) Architecture Description Languages C1 C3 C2 Abstract model Execution model

8 8 1. Safe architecture Specify the application properties Structure : constrain the connection between elements Behavior : express the workflow going in and out Dataflow : limit the allowed range of value of exchanged messages QoS : define the maximal response time, Needs for Safe Architecture (... behavioral, Specification of component properties (structural, Identify violation of application properties in the assembly Analysis of the interaction compatibility between components

9 ( PHR ) 1. Illustrating example 9

10 10 ( PHR ) 1. Illustrating example Security : structural property

11 ( PHR ) 1. Illustrating example Security : structural property Authentication : behavioral property

12 ( PHR ) 1. Illustrating example 12 data.size<100mb Security : structural property Authentication : behavioral property High reliability : dataflow property

13 ( PHR ) 1. Illustrating example 13 Time<20s Security : structural property Authentication : behavioral property High reliability : dataflow property Reactivity : QoS property

14 ( PHR ) 1. Illustrating example 14 Security : structural property Authentication : behavioral property High reliability : dataflow property Reactivity : QoS property How to help the architect to identify inconsistency?

15 1. Problems 15 Existing static analysis tools are not suitable Handle a subset of application properties Are coupled with component or service models How to provide a platform-independent approach supporting all kind of properties?

16 16 ( PHR ) 2. Illustrating example data2.size<4gb data2=data1 PCclient data2.size<2mb Compatible Interaction data1.size<3gb Cache ImageServer PDAclient Partially Compatible Interaction ( values (depends on runtime assumption guarantee Need to perform runtime debugging

17 17 2. Problems with existing tools Existing tools are not suitable Break the continuity in the development process Add assertions in the application code Provide feedback at code level Lose relation between the runtime errors and the design concepts Limited component platform support Lack of static analysis tools Lack of dynamic checking tools To address these problems, we propose CALICO

18 18 Main results of CALICO: Component AssembLy Interaction Control framework 1. CALICO Framework [MODeLS 2008] 2. CALICO model-level Unified framework for designing and analyzing application properties Structure design Contractual application specifications Contractual specifications composition 3. CALICO platform-level

19 CALICO Framework 19

20 20 1. CALICO Framework 2. CALICO model-level [QoSA2008] Unified framework for designing and analyzing application properties Structure design Contractual application specifications Contractual specifications composition 3. CALICO platform-level

21 Uniform approach for specifying contractual specifications 21 Based on the assume-guarantee paradigm [Abadi-Lamport93] Widely used in QoS assume(p) = application properties required by P from its environment guarantee(p) = application properties offered by P ( guarantee(p assume(p) Advantage of the assume-guarantee paradigm Can be composed to compute the specification of an assembly Can be analyzed statically

22 22 Application structure Common elements in component and service models Entity : computational element Component or service Connector: interaction between entities Binding or partnerlink Communication point : access point of an entity that allows it to communicate Port, interface or porttype Communication element : action performed to communicate Operation Argument : element exchanged between entities Typed object or message

23 Application structure metamodel 23

24 24 Behavioral specification Describe the workflow going in and out of the communication point Assumption : expected behavior Guarantee : offered behavior

25 25 Assembly of entities Create the assembly of entities Add connectors between entities Check the assembly Need to compose the contractual specifications Client GlobalSearch Access

26 26 Unified contract computation Contract = composition of specifications C{P1 * P2} = Spec P1 Spec P2 Pi: participant i Spec Pi : specification of Pi ( commutative : compositional operator (associative, Incremental computation Specification of an assembly computed from the contract of this assembly ( P2} Spec{P1 U P2} = f( C{P1 *

27 Contract composition order 27 Contract composition = tree Leaf : contractual specification written by the architect Node : contractual specification of a sub part of the architecture Root : contractual specification of the entire architecture D1,D2,D3 B1,B2,B3 D2,D3 D1 D2 D3 B2,B3 B1 B2 B3 Client GlobalSearch Access

28 PHR example 28

29 29 Static interaction analysis CALICO's interaction analysis tool Identify compatible, incompatible and partially compatible interaction Is independent of any component platform Behavioral analysis (... FSP, Based on existing process algebras (CSP, Creating the global CFG by synchronizing CFGs Dataflow analysis Based on partial program validation Forward propagation of the guarantees Backward propagation of the assumptions

30 PHR example 30

31 31 PHR example Forward propagation

32 32 PHR example Forward propagation Backward propagation

33 33 PHR example V V Forward propagation Backward propagation Insertion of validation points where runtime checks are needed

34 34 1. CALICO Framework 2. CALICO model-level Unified framework for designing and analyzing application properties Structure design Contractual application specifications Contractual specifications composition 3. CALICO platform-level

35 35 Adding the missing functionality Lack of services for capturing runtime context ( trace ) Few platforms are able to capture the required runtime information Need to add the missing functionality for capturing runtime information CALICO's code instrumentation tool Instruments automatically the application code Capturing the trace : 3 aspects send a trace, receive a trace, propagate the trace between components Generates and weaves aspects accordingly to the models Is independent of any platform

36 36 Performing dynamic checking Loading of the running application Generates the sequence of system construction operations Translates them into calls to platform-specific API Need to complete the validation of partially compatible interactions Check the runtime information CALICO's dynamic validation tool Receives runtime information Analyzes it at the model-level Provides design feedback to the architect Is independent of any component platform

37 Fixing the errors 37

38 Conclusion 38

39 39 Towards full runtime...and adaptation -> reification of the whole runtime system manage the co-evolution of the abstract model and the running model Abstract model Execution model - keep coherent structural modifications - on the ADL - on the running system - keep an updated view of the specified properties and current contracts

40 40 Conclusion Model-level Describes the software architecture (structure + properties) using models Performs static interaction analysis Is platform independent Platform-level Holds the running system Contains tools for loading the system Adds missing services for capturing runtime information Couple model-level with platform-level Capture runtime information at the model level Locate model elements leading to runtime errors

41 Questions? 41

42 42 Towards full runtime...and adaptation Calico : a framework that offers - Coherent abstract models/views of an application from its construction to its execution/adaptation/evolution Structure Properties Deployment Execution context - Not platform specific - Verification supports (static and dynamic) - Adaptation policies and mechanisms

43 43 7. Future work Handle more platforms OpenCOM, SCA, Web Services,... Support more kinds of properties and analyses Behavioral protocol, QoS

44 44 ADAM Adaptive Distributed Applications and Middleware Joint project-team INRIA, Univ. Lille 1 & CNRS since January Prof., 2 MCF, 1 CR, 1 MCF (secondment INRIA Paris 6), 7 Ph.D students, 8 engineers Scientific challenge Definition of an Adaptation Model throughout the Software Lifecycle Adaptive Component Frameworks for Middleware & Services Self-configurable components A framework for composing, deploying, and executing heterogeneous components Distributed Applications Design for Adaptive Platforms Adaptive languages for software architectures Context-aware modelling for context-aware platforms Scientific community animation 25 program committees, 6 ws organisations, Board of GDR GPL Scientific production 10 articles, 41 papers, 2 book chapters Software production OW2 ecosystem: Suite Fractal - FAC, AOKell, Fraclet, Fractal Explorer, FraSCAti INRIA ecosystem: Spoon, CALICO, DeployWare/FDF Industrial transfer DeployWare/FDF in JOnAS and JASMINe - Bull & in PEtALS - EBM WebSourcing * PME

45 2. Problems 45 Existing static analysis tools are not suitable Handle a subset of application properties Are coupled with component or service models

46 2. Problems 46 Existing static analysis tools are not suitable Handle a subset of application properties Are coupled with component or service models

47 47 Aspects as first-class entities object JAC, Spoon component AOKell architecture FAC, TranSAT 47

48 48 Aspects in architecture & component FAC A programming model that merges AOSD and CBSE Notion of an aspect domain in a software architecture aspect binding + aspect component + dynamic un/weaving AOKell Engineering technical services for Fractal component-based applications France Telecom [CBSE06, ARES 07, IJCAT 08] [PhD Pessemier 07] 48

49 Adaptation throughout the software life cycle 49 Adaptation at each step Formal Model Fractal/Alloy Development process - FAROS [Waignier] - SPL Cappucino [Parra] - Soleil [Plsek] CALICO Software Systems CaDSPL Transformation tools - Spoon [Noguera] Services/Fractal Embedded/Fractal Architecture framework - CALICO [Waignier] FraSCAti FraSCAme Soleil TINAP Runtime platforms - FraSCAti [Collective work] - FraSCAme [Romero] - Soleil [Plsek] - TINAP [Loiret] Deployment - DeployWare [Dubus] Maintenance - DECOR [Moha] DeployWare 49

50 Framework for software architecture evolution 50 CALICO Component AssembLy Interaction Control framework Model-based framework 2 levels: Model & PF Collaborations INRIA/Triskell, I3S/Rainbow ANR FAROS [Models 08, QoSA 08] [Ph.D Waignier expected end 09] 50

51 FraSCAti Marriage of SCA and Fractal Reflective introspection, management, reconfiguration SCA Fractal m m Client s Server s 51 Components for SOA FraSCAti Reflective components Reflective SCA components SOA for Fractal

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