LECTURE: JACKSON. Target 1: I can discuss the controversies and impact of the Elections of 1824 & 1928

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1 LECTURE: JACKSON SQUARED Learning Target 1: I can discuss the controversies and impact of the Elections of 1824 & 1928 Learning Target 2: I can discuss the treatment of the Native Americans as the U.S. begins to expand Learning Target 3: I can discuss the impact of the threer presidents following Jackson.

2 I-POST MONROE A-1824: Presidential Election Name Party Electoral Votes Popular Votes Adams, John Quincy Democratic-Republican ,023 Calhoun, John Democratic-Republican 0 6,616 Clay, Henry Democratic-Republican 37 47,217 Crawford, William Democratic-Republican 41 46,979 Jackson, Andrew Democratic-Republican ,901

3 I-POST MONROE John Quincy Adams John Calhoun Henry Clay William Crawford Andrew Jackson

4 I-POST MONROE B-Needed to win: 131 electoral votes C-Since no candidate received 50%+1 of the electoral votes, the House of Representatives decided among the top three electoral vote getters 1-Clay was dropped 2-Adams wins on first ballot Adams 13 Jackson 7 Crawford 4 3-Adams appoints Clay Secretary of State 4-Calhoun is named Vice President by the Senate D-Jackson claims the election was corrupt and began campaigning immediately for the 1828 election

5 II-ADAMS ADMINISTRATION A-Presided over festivities of the 50 th Independence Day 1-His father, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson both died on this date) B-Really, no major accomplishments during his presidency.

6 II-ADAMS ADMINISTRATION C-Tariff of Abominations 1-Bill raising import taxes for many goods bought by Southern planters 2-John Calhoun (Adams V.P.) secretly worked to make sure the bill failed even though JQ Adams was for it A) Also Andrew Jackson s VP B) promoted State s Rights C) Wrote The South Carolina Exposition and Protest which asserted a state s right to cancel federal laws 1) First time nullification was discussed

7 III-JACKSONIAN AMERICAN A-1828 Election is won by Andrew Jackson Name Party Electoral Votes Popular Votes Adams, John Quincy Democratic-Republican ,074 Jackson, Andrew Democrat ,276 Write In Votes 0 4,568

8 III-JACKSONIAN AMERICAN 1-dirtiest election in history up to this time A) JQ Adams found out Jackson s wife was not legally divorced when he married her 1) Rachel Jackson died Dec. 22, 1828, shortly after Jackson was elected B) Adams was accused of surrendering an American servant girl to the appetites of the Czar of Russia while he was Minister to Russia AND accused of using public funds to buy gambling devices for the White House (Chess set and pool table)

9 III-JACKSONIAN AMERICAN B-Native American Removal 1-Jackson believed the only good Indian is a dead Indian 2-Jackson disliked all Native American and had no plans for them A) Ironic since many Native Americans fought for him in the Battle of New Orleans 3-Forced Native Americans to move west of the Mississippi River

10 III-JACKSONIAN AMERICAN B-Native American Removal 4-Cherokee went to the Supreme Court to stop the removal and won A) Case: Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) B) John Marshall was Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 5-Jackson refused to enforce the court s decision saying let him (Marshall) enforce it 6-Ordered army to move all Native Americans by any means possible

11 III-JACKSONIAN AMERICAN B-Indian Removal : Trail of Tears A) Movement of Native Americans from Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee to what is now Oklahoma B) About 75% died on the way to Oklahoma 1) More died after arriving since the ground was not good for farming and food production

12 III-JACKSONIAN AMERICAN B-Indian Removal Trail of Tears Map

13 III-JACKSONIAN AMERICAN C-Jackson is re-elected in 1832 Name Party Electoral Votes Popular Votes Clay, Henry National Republican ,189 Ellmaker, Amos Anti-Masonic 7 100,715 Floyd, John Independent Democrat 11 0 Jackson, Andrew Democrat ,502 Write In Votes 0 7,273 Jackson probably could have won if he decided to run in 1836, but he decided not to

14 III-JACKSONIAN AMERICAN D-Other Important concepts during Jackson s terms 1-Spoils Systems A) around before Jackson, but he whole-hearted endorsed it B) Gave gov t jobs to people who helped him get elected C) eventually led to corruption

15 III-JACKSONIAN AMERICAN D-Other Important concepts during Jackson s terms 2-Webster-Hayne Debate A) Debate in Senate between Daniel Webster (MA) and Robert Hayne (SC) focusing on sectionalism and nullification B) Issue: What Constitutional authority does the Federal Government have over states? 3-Banking Crisis A) National bank created by Hamilton was disliked by Jackson 1) Bank had too much influence in Govt B) Henry Clay made it a campaign issue C) Jackson vetoes the continuation of the bank

16 III-JACKSONIAN AMERICAN D-Other Important concepts during Jackson s terms 4-Tariff of 1832 and Order of Nullification A) Favored Northern interest over Southern B) Tariff passed and Jackson asked for a bill allowing him into forcibly collect tariff C) South Carolina, led by VP Calhoun, create a plan for SC to nullify the law D) Jackson asked for compromise law which would keep authority of federal govt and stop SC nullification 1) Henry Clay proposes this and it works NOTE: Known as the Nullification Crisis

17 IV-AFTER JACKSON A-1836: Martin van Buren wins the election with the help of Jackson 1-van Buren was Jackson s hand-picked successor 2-really did not do too much while in office

18 IV-AFTER JACKSON A-1836: Martin van Buren wins the election with the help of Jackson 3-Panic of 1837 A) Recession because of Jackson s abolition of National Bank B) Led to relaxed credit policies and inflation C) Specie Circular 1) Order issued by Jackson but enforced by Van Buren which required land to be paid for with hard money, not paper or credit D) Recession lasts into the 1840 s

19 IV-AFTER JACKSON A-1836: Martin van Buren wins the election with the help of Jackson 4-The Charles River Bridge Case A) Supreme Court held that a state could cancel grant money if the grant ceased to be in the interests of the community B) Said a contract can be broken to benefit general welfare C) Overturned the Dartmouth College v. Woodward

20 IV-AFTER JACKSON Election of 1836 Name Party Electoral Votes Popular Votes Harrison, William Anti-Masonic & Whig ,508 Mangum, Willie Whig 11 0 Van Buren, Martin Democratic ,198 Webster, Daniel Whig 14 41,287 White, Hugh Whig ,352 Write In Votes 0 1,234

21 IV-AFTER JACKSON B-1840: William Henry Harrison elected 1-first Whig president 2-Another military hero 3-many had concern over his age

22 IV-AFTER JACKSON Name Party Electoral Votes Popular Votes Birney, James Liberty 0 7,069 Harrison, William Whig 234 1,275,016 Van Buren, Martin Democratic 60 1,129,102 Write In Votes A) was 68 when inaugurated B) Oldest president until Ronald Reagan C) To prove he was fit, his inauguration speech was over 8000 words long and lasted one hour D) Problem: bad weather raining and about 32 degrees F. E) Because of the weather, he catches pneumonia

23 IV-AFTER JACKSON 4-first president to die in office A) shortest term: 31 days

24 IV-AFTER JACKSON

25 IV-AFTER JACKSON 5-Problem: Who replaces Harrison? A) At the time, there was no provision if there would be a vacancy in presidency B) Many thought we would need to have a new election C) John Tyler, Harrison s Vice President, believed he should be president and was sworn in 1) Tyler had the most children of any president: 15

26 IV-AFTER JACKSON C-These three presidencies were rather uneventful 1-expansion continued (new states) 2-some Native American issues 3-Slavery issues

27 IV-AFTER JACKSON V-The First 10 President Years Party George Washington None (claimed by Federalists) John Adams Federalist Thomas Jefferson Democratic-Republican James Madison Democratic-Republican James Monroe Democratic-Republican John Quincy Adams Democratic-Republican Andrew Jackson Democrat Martin van Buren Democrat William Henry Harrison 1841 Whig John Tyler Whig