Chapter 10 Objectives

Transcription

1 Chapter 10 Objectives SWBAT: Evaluate advances in farming & industry, the manorial system, and the rise of cities; Explain the dominant role played by the medieval Church; Appraise the high points of culture during the High Middle Ages; Examine the various misfortunes that challenged Europe in the fourteenth century. 1

2 Key Events Revival of trade led to growth of towns and cities that became important centers for manufacturing Catholic Church was an important part of people s lives during the Medieval period During the 14 th & early 15 th centuries, Europeans experienced many issues such as the Black Death, Hundred Year s War, issues in the Church 2

3 The Impact Today Revival of trade brought with it a money economy and the emergence of capitalism Modern universities had their origins in medieval Europe Medieval history of Europe can be seen today in Europe s great Cathedrals 3

4 Chapter 10, section 4 The Late Middle Ages THE BLACK DEATH Bubonic plagues was most common form; carried by fleas Black death virus 4

5 Oct.1347 Italian merchants brought plague from Black Sea to Sicily; took one year to spread to S Italy and S France 1348/1349 plague spreads through France, Belgium, Lux., Neth., Germany 1349 hits England, N. Europe, Scandinavia 5

6 1351 E. Europe & Russia infected 1/3 to 1/2 of total European population died; entire villages and towns disappeared Causes of plague: punishment from God; caused by the devil; brought by Jews, cats, and witches 6

7 Economic hit trade shortage of workers caused price of labor to Demand for food, prices went down Serfdom began to fail as peasants bargained with lords to pay rent instead of owing services 7

8 DECLINE OF CHURCH POWER European kings did not like papal claims of supremacy Pope Boniface VIII & King Philip IV of France Philip wanted to tax clergy, pope said no Philip sent soldiers to Rome, pope escaped but died 8

9 Philip rigged election & got French pope, Clement V; moved papacy to Avignon After 70 years, very corrupt; moved to Rome under Pope Gregory XI (died quickly) Rome warned of trouble if new pope were not Italian; Pope Urban VI 9

10 5 months later, FR cardinals declared election invalid and placed FR pope on throne in Avignon GREAT SCHISM popes (FR against IT) 10

11 Damaged church; people s faith in pope & church lowered when there are 2 & excommunicate one another 1417 council meeting ended Great Schism; reigning popes resigned or were deposed, new pope elected 11

12 Damage was done church lost much political power and factions were breaking away 12

13 HUNDRED YEARS WAR CAUSE: 13 th C, England holds small amount of land in France; English king pledged loyalty to French king as a vassal FR king seized land to take it back & England declares war 13

14 Knights were excited to fight Peasants & foot soldiers were deciding factors in battle FR army relied on cavalry & their knights thought foot soldiers were beneath them BR army had cavalry but relied on PAID foot soldiers with long bows 14

15 1 st battle FR had no plan of attack and were beaten; BR did not have enough resources to complete win 2 nd battle BR won in a muddy battle & took much of N FR 15

16 Joan of Arc daughter of wealthy peasants, very religious; convinced king to give her an army at Orleans; FR captured the city Captured by BR in 1430; tried & convicted of witchcraft & burned at steak Turned the war for FR (that and the use of the cannon) 16

17 POLITICAL RECOVERY For a time, many kings did not have male heirs & there was fighting over the throne; 15 th c, new rulers began to re-establish central power FRANCE: Louis XI the spider -used taille; gave him regular income 17

18 ENGLAND: -War of the Roses series of civil conflicts -Henry VII abolished private armies of the nobles (ending wars); won support by lessening the tax burden on nobles and peasants 18

19 SPAIN: Aragon & Castile, two strong Christian kingdoms in mostly Muslim Spain; heads of those kingdoms married (Isabella & Ferdinand) Expelled all Jews & Muslims from Spain under pressure from nobles 19

20 HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE Was really land of 100 independent German states 1438 ruled buy the wealthy Hapsburgs Maxmillian I Of the Hapsburg Empire 20

21 EASTERN EUROPE NOT easy to unify b/c of Religion (Orthodox v- Roman Catholic) Elected king (weakened royal authority) Russia broke free of Mongols under Ivan III 21

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