Wear patterns and mechanisms of cutting tools in high-speed face milling

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Wear patterns and mechanisms of cutting tools in high-speed face milling"

Transcription

1 Journal of Materials Processing Technology 129 (2002) 222±226 Wear patterns and mechanisms of cutting tools in high-speed face milling Z.Q. Liu *, X. Ai, H. Zhang, Z.T. Wang, Y. Wan School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, 73 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong , PR China Abstract High-speed machining has received important interest because it leads to an increase of productivity and a better workpiece surface quality. However, at high cutting speeds, the tool wear increases dramatically due to the high temperature at the tool±workpiece interface. Tool wear impairs the surface nish and hence the tool life is reduced. That is why an important objective of metal cutting research has been the assessment of tool wear patterns and mechanisms. In this paper, the wear performances of PCBN tool, ceramic tool, coated carbide tool and ne-grained carbide tool in high-speed face milling are presented when cutting cast iron, 45# tempered carbon steel and 45# hardened carbon steel. The tool wear patterns were examined through a toolmaker's microscope. The research results show that the tool wear types differed in various matching of materials between the cutting tool and the workpiece. The dominant wear patterns observed were rake face wear, ank wear, chipping, fracture and breakage. The main wear mechanisms were mechanical friction, adhesion, diffusion and chemical wear promoted by cutting forces and high cutting temperature. Hence, the important considerations of high-speed cutting tool materials are high heatresistance and wear-resistance, and chemical stability as well as resistance to the failure of coatings. The research results will be of great bene t in the design and the selection of tool materials and in the control of tool wear in high-speed machining processes. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cutting tool; Wear; High-speed machining; Face milling 1. Introduction A primary objective of manufacturing operations is the ef cient production of accurate parts. In machining processes, signi cant research has focused on ways to increase material removal rates without sacri cing workpiece accuracy. Two basic ways to raise material removal rates are to increase the cutting speed and the chip cross-section. Increasing the chip cross-section is limited owing to de ection and stability constraints, so that high-speed machining becomes the major process to be exploited. The high-speed machining processes can produce more accurate parts as well as reduce the costs associated with assembly and xture storage by allowing several process procedures to be combined into a monolithic one. There has been a strong resurgence of interest in high-speed machining, so that it has become one of the most promising advanced manufacturing technologies in the last 20 years [1]. It can adapt to the keen competition and rapid change of the market. High-speed machining technology has already * Corresponding author. address: melius@sdu.edu.cn (Z.Q. Liu). been applied in many manufacturing industries such as the aviation and aerospace industry, the automobile industry, and the mould industry, to cut steel, cast iron and its alloys, aluminum and magnesium alloys, super alloys of nickelbased, cobalt-based, ferrous-based, titanium-based, etc. and composite materials [2]. The application elds of high-speed machining are continuing to expand rapidly. High-speed machining, however, leads to the increase of cutting temperature and to the tool material to soften. It thereby causes tool wear and tool fracture. Hence, tool materials with high wear resistance take a crucial role in high-speed machining. Recent developments in tool materials have opened the door to the wide applications of highspeed machining. The tool material options for high-speed machining were reviewed comprehensively by Kramer [3] and Ai [4]. polycrystalline diamond (PCD), polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN), ceramics, cermets, coated and uncoated cemented carbides, and ne-grained cemented carbides represent a range of tool materials applicable to high-speed machining. Much research has been conducted on the temperature and wear performance of these tool materials among the cutting speed range from 200 to 1000 m/min [5±9]. Reports on the wear performance of these materials above the cutting speed 1000 m/min are still /02/$ ± see front matter # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S (02)

2 Z.Q. Liu et al. / Journal of Materials Processing Technology 129 (2002) 222± lacking. Different tool wear modes and characteristics may be observed at this cutting speed range. Manufacturing engineers frequently use high-speed face milling to remove the greatest possible quantity of material from the workpiece. In this paper, the wear performances of a PCBN tool, a ceramic tool, a coated carbide tool and a negrained cemented carbide tool were investigated experimentally when face milling cast iron, and carbon steel at a cutting speed of 1100 m/min. 2. Experiments 2.1. Workpiece In this study, cast iron and 45# carbon steel (0.45% carbon) were selected as the workpiece materials. The 45# carbon steels were supplied in both the tempered and hardened conditions. Each workpiece was checked for its hardness. The values of the hardness measurements were 135±150 HB for cast iron, 35±40 HRC for 45# tempered steel, and 45±50 HRC for 45# hardened steel Cutting tools and machining conditions PCBN (50% CBN), Si 3 N 4 -based ceramic, pure Al 2 O 3 ceramic, Al 2 O 3 -based ceramic, Al 2 O 3 TiC coated carbide, and ne-grained grain cemented carbide tool inserts were used in the milling tests. The whole inserts had an ISO designation of SPKN ED. The inserts were mounted rigidly on a face cutter body of 100 mm diameter, which was interfaced with the machine tool spindle using a standard BT 40 tool holder. The assembled tool geometry and cutting conditions are given in Table Experimental techniques All of the machining tests were performed on a vertical CNC machining center with a maximum spindle rotational speed of 10,000 rpm and a 15 kw drive motor. The CNC machining center was operated under speci ed machining conditions described above. The machining tests were carried out dry. Except for early breakage, the tool wear patterns Table 1 Tool geometry and cutting conditions Cutting conditions Parameters Cutter diameter (mm) é100 Axial rake angle 58 (ceramic, PPCBN), 08 (coated carbide, carbide) Radial rake angle 78 (ceramic, PCBN), 78 (coated carbide, carbide) Feed per tooth (mm/z) 0.1 Cutting width (mm) 5 Number of tooth Single Approach angle 758 were observed through a toolmaker's microscope after 1 min of cutting. 3. Results and discussion Different modes of tool failure including rake face wear, ank wear, micro-chipping, chipping, notch wear, breakage, and plastic deformation were observed in this study. Among these tool wear patterns, rake face wear, ank face wear, chipping, and breakage were the main modes of tool wear in the ultra-high-speed face milling of both cast iron and carbon steel, whereas notch wear and plastic deformation were the main tool wear types in the high-speed machining of titanium-based alloys reported by other researchers [10,11]. These tool wear patterns in ultra-high-speed face milling suggested that the tool wear mechanisms were diffusion, attrition, and wear by chemical interaction, etc. It is common for several tool wear patterns to be found to appear simultaneously with the same tool and to have an effect on each other Tool wear on the rake face Generally, the end of tool life is determined by excessive wear of the tool ank at conventional cutting speed. In highspeed machining, however, tool wear on the rake face predominates and therefore tool life is determined with the wear deepening until edge failure results [12]. Typical tool wear on the rake face when in the high-speed face milling of 45# tempered steel using an Al 2 O 3 -based ceramic tool and a ne-grained cemented carbide tool is shown in Fig. 1(a) and (b), respectively. From this gure, it can be seen that the tool wear on rake face in high-speed machining is different from crater wear in conventional cutting speed machining. In the conventional cutting speed range, the tool wear on the rake face occurred in the form of a pit called the crater, which was formed at some distance from the cutting edge, while the tool wear on rake face during high-speed machining was adjacent to the cutting edge. Actually, the maximum depth of tool wear on the rake face occurred on the main cutting edge. Experimental results showed that increasing the cutting speed even further led to the reduction of the wear area. However, the depth of wear area increased at the same time. This mode of tool wear is mainly due to too high cutting temperature on the rake face. Extreme high cutting speed leads to very high temperature (800±1000 8C) occurring at the vicinity of the main cutting edge where the maximum depth of tool wear on rake face occurs. The hardness of the tool materials decreases at such high cutting temperatures, which aggravates the abrasive wear on tool rake face. For a ne-grained cemented carbide tool, high cutting temperature also resulted in diffusion, adhesion, plastic deformation, etc. The tool±chip contact length is shorter in high-speed machining than at conventional cutting speed, which causes

3 224 Z.Q. Liu et al. / Journal of Materials Processing Technology 129 (2002) 222±226 Fig. 1. Tool wear on rake face in high-speed face milling of 45# tempered steel. the cutting force to be concentrated adjacent to the main cutting edge. The softer cutting edge due to high temperature under the concentrated cutting force near the cutting edge leads to deformation and de ection. This is one of the main factors, in particular, for ne-grained cemented carbide tool wear. Additionally, the intermittent milling process may cause mechanical impact and thermal shock. Mechanical and thermal shocks are non-negligible factors to in forming this kind of tool wear morphology. Thus, the combined effect of cutting force and cutting temperature is the main factor to lead to this type of tool wear on the rake face at high cutting speed. The matching of mechanical, physical and chemical properties between the tool and the workpiece materials at high temperature is a very important factor in the highspeed machining process. It was clearly observed in this study that both the wear zone and the depth of wear area on the rake face for a ceramic tool were greater than for a negrained cemented carbide tool. It was shown that the ceramic tool had a better performance in high-speed face milling steel through its high wear-resistance and high-temperature capability Flank wear This pattern of wear produces wear lands on the side and end anks of the tool on account of the abrasive action of the machined surface. In Fig. 2(a) and (b), it is noted that the wear land is not of uniform width, is the same as in Fig. 2. Flank wear in high-speed face milling. conventional cutting speed. The widest of the wear land in high-speed machining, however, is in the vicinity of the tool nose. This is different from conventional cutting where tool ank wear occurs at the point furthest from the tool nose. This is due to the same facts as described above for tool wear on the rake face. Flank wear is also the most common pattern in high-speed cutting. In this study, ank wear was observed throughout the whole of the machining tests Cracking and chipping If the cutting edge appears jagged or there are cavities or depressions in the wear land, it means that chipping has occurred. Small chips breaks off from the tool cutting edge on account of mechanical impact, transient thermal stresses due to cycled heating and cooling in intermittent machining operations, chatter and excessive cratering and ank wear. In ultra-high-speed milling, the cutting tool is exposed not only to rapid and high thermal as well as mechanical shocks every time it enters and exits the workpiece, but also to high cutting temperature. Traction-pressure-alternating stress therefore arises and leads to longitudinal and transverse cracks. Fig. 3(a) shows a crack that has been initiated without the loss of parent tool material when using a pure Al 2 O 3 ceramic tool to cut cast iron. When cracks spread, two kinds of chipping mode were observed in this study: (1) strip chipping along the boundary of the major ank and the minor ank (Fig. 3(b)), which is caused by the mechanical

4 Z.Q. Liu et al. / Journal of Materials Processing Technology 129 (2002) 222± Fig. 4. Breakage of high-speed cutting tool. observed when a using Al 2 O 3 TiC-coated cemented carbide tool to machine the cast iron Breakage Fig. 3. Chipping and crack when high-speed cutting cast iron. fatigue cracks on the ank; and (2) shell sh-like chipping of a large area on the tool rake face (Fig. 3(c)), which leaves a cavity on the rake face. The coating serves as a region of easy crack initiation, increasing the tendency towards fracture. The high elastic modulus of the coating causes intensi cation of the stress in the brittle coating. Due to low resistance to failure of the coating, small chipping on the tool corner (Fig. 3(d)) was Tool materials with low transverse rupture strength and fracture toughness are prone to fracture. The transverse rupture strength for PCBN tool in this study is only 0.57 GPa, while for cemented carbide steel this value is usually greater than 1.8 GPa. Generally, the lower-cbncontent PCBN tool materials do not have effective crystalto-crystal bonding, which weakens the mechanical strength and impact resistance [7]. Thus, a lower-cbn-content PCBN tool is not suitable for the high-speed machining of steels with a hardness less than 45±50 HRC, and is especially unsuitable in an intermittent machining process. It can be seen from Fig. 4(a) that both the main and the minor cutting edges of the PCBN tool (50% CBN) were broken down completely at the rst pass cutting. Hence, it is necessary to select a higher-cbn-content PCBN tool material (more than 90% CBN) in intermittent high-speed operations such as milling. Due to Si 3 N 4 -based ceramic tool having a lower hardness and higher in nity with steel than Al 2 O 3 -based ceramic tool material, catastrophic failure of the Si 3 N 4 -based ceramic tool (see Fig. 4(b)) was observed at the beginning of the cutting process, whilst only a normal wear pattern occurred when high machining the same hardened steel under the same cutting conditions with an Al 2 O 3 -based ceramic tool (see Fig. 2(b)).

5 226 Z.Q. Liu et al. / Journal of Materials Processing Technology 129 (2002) 222±226 Tool breakage is very dangerous due to the in uence of centrifugal force in high rotational speed in the milling process. Security measures to prevent the launch of a broken tool should be taken during the design of high-speed machine tools. 4. Conclusions Ultra-high-speed face milling experiments for cast iron and carbon steel were performed using a PCBN tool, a ceramic tool, a coated carbide tool and a ne-grained cemented carbide tool. The tool wear patterns at a cutting speed of 1100 m/min were observed through a toolmaker's microscope. The tool wear mechanisms in high-speed machining were analyzed. The main results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. The main tool wear types differed in various matchings of materials between the cutting tool and the workpiece. The dominant wear patterns observed in this study were rake face wear, flank wear, chipping, and breakage. The optimal matching of mechanical, physical, and chemical properties between the tool and the workpiece materials is very important in high-speed machining. 2. The tool wear factors in high-speed milling operations were high cutting temperature, rapid and high thermal shock as well as mechanical impact. 3. Tool wear on the rake face and flank wear during highspeed machining were located adjacent to the cutting edge. Acknowledgements This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (through grant no ) and the State Education Committee Fund for Returned Students from Abroad (through grant no ). References [1] H. Schulz, Ann. CIRP 41 (2) (1992) 637±642. [2] S. Ashley, Mech. Eng. 117 (5) (1995) 56±61. [3] B.M. Kramer, ASME Trans. J. Eng. Ind. 109 (2) (1984) 87±91. [4] X. Ai, WMEM 12 (3) (2001) 32±36 (in Chinese). [5] R.C. Dewes, D.K. Aspinwall, Trans. NAMRI/SME XXIV (1996) 21±26. [6] R.C. Dewes, D.K. Aspinwall, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 69 (1997) 1±7. [7] M. Deming, B. Young, D. Ratliff, Cutting Tool Eng. 46 (6) (1994) 84±92. [8] E.O. Ezugwu, C.I. Okeke, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 116 (1) (2001) 10±15. [9] S. Jahanmir, Mach. Sci. Technol. 2 (1) (1998) 137±154. [10] T. Kitagawa, A. Kubo, K. Maekawa, Wear 202 (2) (1997) 142±148. [11] G. Brandt, A. Gerendas, M. Mikus, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 6 (5) (1990) 273±290. [12] M.C. Shaw, Metal Cutting Principals, Oxford University Press, New York, 1984.

Grade Selection... Coated Grades / CVD... Coated Grades / PVD... Cermet... PCBN (T-CBN)... PCD (T-DIA)... Ceramics...

Grade Selection... Coated Grades / CVD... Coated Grades / PVD... Cermet... PCBN (T-CBN)... PCD (T-DIA)... Ceramics... Products Grade Selection... Coated / CVD... Coated / PVD... Cermet... PCBN (T-CBN)... PCD (T-DIA)... Ceramics... Uncoated Cemented Carbides... Ultra fine Grain Cemented Carbides... -2-4 -6-8 -0-2 - -4-5

More information

COATED CARBIDE. TiN. Al 2 O 3

COATED CARBIDE. TiN. Al 2 O 3 COATED CARBIDE GENERAL INFORMATION CVD = Chemical Vapour Deposition coated grades GC2015, GC2025, GC2135, GC235, GC3005, GC3015, GC3020, GC3025, GC3115, GC4015, GC4025, GC4035, S05F, and CD1810. PVD =

More information

Cutting Tool Materials

Cutting Tool Materials Training Objectives After watching the video and reviewing this printed material, the viewer will gain knowledge and understanding of cutting tool metallurgy and specific tool applications for various

More information

CUTTING TOOL TECHNOLOGY. 1. Tool life 2. Tool Materials 3. Tool Geometry 4. Cutting fluids

CUTTING TOOL TECHNOLOGY. 1. Tool life 2. Tool Materials 3. Tool Geometry 4. Cutting fluids CUTTING TOOL TECHNOLOGY 1. Tool life 2. Tool Materials 3. Tool Geometry 4. Cutting fluids 1 Introduction Machining is accomplished by cutting tools. Cutting tools undergo high force and temperature and

More information

GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS

GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS GEOMETRY OF SINGLE POINT TURNING TOOLS LEARNING OBJECTIVES Introduction to Features of single point cutting tool. Concept of rake and clearance angle and its importance System of description of Tool geometry

More information

High speed machining and conventional die and mould machining

High speed machining and conventional die and mould machining High speed machining and conventional die and mould machining Reprint from HSM - High Speed Machining There are a lot of questions about HSM today and many different, more or less complicated, definitions

More information

THE INFLUENCE OF STEEL GRADE AND STEEL HARDNESS ON TOOL LIFE WHEN MILLING IN HARDENED TOOL STEEL

THE INFLUENCE OF STEEL GRADE AND STEEL HARDNESS ON TOOL LIFE WHEN MILLING IN HARDENED TOOL STEEL THE INFLUENCE OF STEEL GRADE AND STEEL HARDNESS ON TOOL LIFE WHEN MILLING IN HARDENED TOOL STEEL S. Gunnarsson, B. Högman and L. G. Nordh Uddeholm Tooling AB Research and Development 683 85 Hagfors Sweden

More information

U-Max Chamfering endmill SPMT-WL 0.17 (0.08-0.21) -WH 0.35 (0.10-0.42) R215.64. Long edge cutter 215.3 0.17 (0.10-0.20) R215.3 -AAH 0.12 (0.08-0.

U-Max Chamfering endmill SPMT-WL 0.17 (0.08-0.21) -WH 0.35 (0.10-0.42) R215.64. Long edge cutter 215.3 0.17 (0.10-0.20) R215.3 -AAH 0.12 (0.08-0. General Turning PROFILING Feed recommendations Feed per tooth, fz (mm/tooth) Insert geometry Insert size Starting value (min.- max.) U-Max Chamfering endmill SPMT-WL 0.17 (0.08-0.21) -WH 0.35 (0.10-0.42)

More information

Summary of Insert Grades. Insert Lineup Turning Milling Drilling Insert Selection Table Grade Properties PCD CBN. Ceramic. Cell Fiber. Cermet.

Summary of Insert Grades. Insert Lineup Turning Milling Drilling Insert Selection Table Grade Properties PCD CBN. Ceramic. Cell Fiber. Cermet. 1~15 Summary of Insert Lineup Milling Drilling Insert Selection Table Grade Properties PCD Ceramic Cell Fiber PVD Coated CVD Coated PVD Coated for PVD Coated for Milling and Drilling 2~7 2~3 4 5 5 6 7

More information

Module 3 Machinability. Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur

Module 3 Machinability. Version 2 ME, IIT Kharagpur Module 3 Machinability Lesson 1 Cutting Tool Materials of common use Instructional Objectives At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to (i) Identify the needs and cite the chronological development

More information

Think precision, Think HSS REAMING

Think precision, Think HSS REAMING Think precision, Think HSS REAMING SUMMARY REAMING TOOLS 2 Zoom on a reamer 3 Which HSS for maximum efficiency? 4 Coatings for the best performance 5 Vocabulary 6 Choose the right design 7 Types of bevel

More information

Manufacturing Tooling Cutting Tool Design. Elements of Machining. Chip Formation. Nageswara Rao Posinasetti

Manufacturing Tooling Cutting Tool Design. Elements of Machining. Chip Formation. Nageswara Rao Posinasetti Manufacturing Tooling Cutting Tool Design Nageswara Rao Posinasetti Elements of Machining Cutting tool Tool holding Guiding device Work piece Machine tool January 29, 2008 Nageswara Rao Posinasetti 2 Chip

More information

The mechanical properties of metal affected by heat treatment are:

The mechanical properties of metal affected by heat treatment are: Training Objective After watching this video and reviewing the printed material, the student/trainee will learn the basic concepts of the heat treating processes as they pertain to carbon and alloy steels.

More information

Milling & Machining Centers

Milling & Machining Centers Training Objective After watching the program and reviewing this printed material, the viewer will gain knowledge and understanding of basic milling theories and procedures. In addition, the viewer will

More information

Milling. COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB 1/111

Milling. COPYRIGHT 2008, Seco Tools AB 1/111 Milling 1/111 2/111 Milling A simple choice! Experts required? No Just follow some basic rules. 3/111 Face milling 4/111 Square shoulder milling 5/111 Disc milling 6/111 Copy milling 7/111 Plunge milling

More information

RAMAX S Prehardened stainless holder steel

RAMAX S Prehardened stainless holder steel T O O L S T E E L F A C T S RAMAX S Prehardened stainless holder steel Wherever tools are made Wherever tools are used This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide

More information

Cutting force, Fc (N) ' 270. 100 110 120 130 Cutting speed (m/min)

Cutting force, Fc (N) ' 270. 100 110 120 130 Cutting speed (m/min) 159 Rake face Adhesion Rake face Nose wear Tool life = 50.2 min Nose wear Tool life = 30.9 min Figure 4.19 - Nose wear at the cutting edge of T4 coated carbide insert after machining Ti- 6Al-4V alloy with

More information

HARD MILLING OPERATION OF AISI O2 COLD WORK TOOL STEEL BY CARBIDE TOOLS PROTECTED WITH DIFFERENT HARD COATINGS

HARD MILLING OPERATION OF AISI O2 COLD WORK TOOL STEEL BY CARBIDE TOOLS PROTECTED WITH DIFFERENT HARD COATINGS JESTECH, 15(1), 21-26, (2012) JESTECH HARD MILLING OPERATION OF AISI O2 COLD WORK TOOL STEEL BY CARBIDE TOOLS PROTECTED WITH DIFFERENT HARD COATINGS Halil Çalışkan *, Cahit Kurbanoğlu **, Davorin Kramar

More information

FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MACHINE TOOLS AND FORMING TECHNOLOGY IWU HYBRID MACHINING PROCESSES IN CUTTING TECHNOLOGY

FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MACHINE TOOLS AND FORMING TECHNOLOGY IWU HYBRID MACHINING PROCESSES IN CUTTING TECHNOLOGY FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR MACHINE TOOLS AND FORMING TECHNOLOGY IWU HYBRID MACHINING PROCESSES IN CUTTING TECHNOLOGY VIBRATION-SUPERIMPOSED MACHINING Hybrid Machining Processes Principle Process Variants

More information

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS TESTING OF MATERIALS

LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS TESTING OF MATERIALS LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS TESTING OF MATERIALS 1. TENSION TEST: INTRODUCTION & THEORY The tension test is the most commonly used method to evaluate the mechanical properties of metals. Its main objective

More information

TechCut 4 Precision Low Speed Saw

TechCut 4 Precision Low Speed Saw Product Brochure TechCut 4 Precision Low Speed Saw 3" - 6" Blade Range Digital Speed Display 1-Micron Sample Indexing Spring-Loaded Dressing Stick Attachment All Aluminum & Stainless Steel Construction

More information

AISI O1 Cold work tool steel

AISI O1 Cold work tool steel T OOL STEEL FACTS AISI O1 Cold work tool steel Great Tooling Starts Here! This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their

More information

PRELIMINARY BROCHURE. Uddeholm Corrax

PRELIMINARY BROCHURE. Uddeholm Corrax PRELIMINARY BROCHURE Uddeholm Corrax Uddeholm Corrax Uddeholm Corrax stainless moulds steel has a unique set of properties that makes it the ultimate choice in a large number of demanding applications.

More information

Advantages and application of PCD and CBn tools

Advantages and application of PCD and CBn tools PCD and CBN tools Advantages and application of PCD and CBn tools Powerful and economical Tools with PCD and CBN cutting edges are the ideal solution for difficult-to machine, highly abrasive materials.

More information

Saw Tooth Design and Tipping Materials

Saw Tooth Design and Tipping Materials Saw Tooth Design and Tipping Materials Bruce Lehmann, P.Eng, Ph.D. Sr. Engineer, Thin Kerf Technologies Inc. British Columbia, Canada Introduction The purposes of a saw tooth are to: 1. Remove a chip from

More information

HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL

HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL HEAT TREATMENT OF STEEL Heat Treatment of Steel Most heat treating operations begin with heating the alloy into the austenitic phase field to dissolve the carbide in the iron. Steel heat treating practice

More information

Phenomenological aspects of a modified fragmentation of the ground material

Phenomenological aspects of a modified fragmentation of the ground material Phenomenological aspects of a modified fragmentation of the ground material Lucjan Dabrowski, Mieczyslaw Marciniak Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland Summary: The main point of this paper

More information

STAVAX SUPREME. Stainless tool steel

STAVAX SUPREME. Stainless tool steel STAVAX SUPREME Stainless tool steel General Demands placed on plastic mould tooling are increasing. Such conditions require mould steels that possess a unique combination of toughness, corrosion resistance

More information

UDDEHOLM VANADIS 30 SUPERCLEAN

UDDEHOLM VANADIS 30 SUPERCLEAN UDDEHOLM VANADIS 30 SUPERCLEAN UDDEHOLMS AB No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes without permission of the copyright holder. This information is based on

More information

Three Key Elements of a Cutting Tool

Three Key Elements of a Cutting Tool End Mill Training Three Key Elements of a Cutting Tool Geometry Cutting Tool 3 Elements Needed in a Good Cutting Tool Well Balanced For Best Performance Only Good as the Weakest Link End Mill Terms A -

More information

Keeping the Customer First. Tungaloy Catalogue TE0707-E2. Cutting Tools. www.tungaloy-eu.com

Keeping the Customer First. Tungaloy Catalogue TE0707-E2. Cutting Tools. www.tungaloy-eu.com Keeping the Customer First Tungaloy Catalogue TE0707-E2 2007 Cutting Tools www.tungaloy-eu.com Grades and Grades Grade Selection... 454 CVD Coated Grades for Turning... 456 CVD Coated Grades for Milling...

More information

Chapter 6 Machining Center Carbide Insert Fundamentals

Chapter 6 Machining Center Carbide Insert Fundamentals This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. N10G20G99G40 N20G96S800M3 N30G50S4000 N40T0100M8 N50G00X3.35Z1.25T0101 N60G01X3.25F.002 N70G04X0.5

More information

Uddeholm Vanadis 4 Extra SuperClean. Uddeholm Vanadis 4 Extra SuperClean

Uddeholm Vanadis 4 Extra SuperClean. Uddeholm Vanadis 4 Extra SuperClean Uddeholm Vanadis 4 Extra SuperClean 1 Uddeholm Vanadis 4 Extra SuperClean CONSISTENT TOOL PERFORMANCE LONG AND RELIABLE TOOL LIFE With an increased demand for just in time deliveries (JIT) and shorter

More information

Evaluation of the Performance of Different Nano-Ceramic Tool Grades when Machining Nickel-Base, Inconel 718, Alloy

Evaluation of the Performance of Different Nano-Ceramic Tool Grades when Machining Nickel-Base, Inconel 718, Alloy E. O. Ezugwu, J. Bonney and R. B. da Silva London South Bank University, School of Engineering Machining Research Centre, Borough Road London, SE AA, England. ezugwueo@lsbu.ac.uk A. R. Machado Federal

More information

Summary of Insert Grades. Turning Small Tools Grooving Cut-off Drilling Milling. Insert Grades MEGACOAT. Super Micro-Grain. Coated Carbide.

Summary of Insert Grades. Turning Small Tools Grooving Cut-off Drilling Milling. Insert Grades MEGACOAT. Super Micro-Grain. Coated Carbide. 1~18 Summary of Turning Small Tools Grooving Cut-off Drilling Milling PVD Coated PVD Coated (Super Micro-grain / Micro-grain ) PVD Coated (Milling, Drilling) CVD Coated Ceramic CBN PCD (Polycrystalline

More information

SS-EN ISO 9001 SS-EN ISO 14001

SS-EN ISO 9001 SS-EN ISO 14001 This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of specific properties

More information

Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi

Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Araştırma Makalesi / Research Article TURNING OF AISI 304 AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL Sigma 2006/2 Cebeli ÖZEK, Ahmet HASÇALIK,

More information

CNC Applications Speed and Feed Calculations

CNC Applications Speed and Feed Calculations CNC Applications Speed and Feed Calculations Photo courtesy ISCAR Metals. Turning Center Cutters What types of cutters are used on CNC turning Centers? Carbide (and other hard materials) insert turning

More information

Chapter 2 Fractal Analysis in CNC End Milling

Chapter 2 Fractal Analysis in CNC End Milling Chapter 2 Fractal Analysis in CNC End Milling Abstract This chapter deals with the fractal dimension modeling in CNC end milling operation. Milling operations are carried out for three different materials

More information

New cutting tools from Sandvik Coromant

New cutting tools from Sandvik Coromant Supplement to Main Catalogue 2006 New cutting tools from Sandvik Coromant TURNING - MILLING - DRILLING - ORING - TOOLHOLDING CoroPak 2006.1 790 new products introduced! No compromise! With the new generation

More information

Index. Illustrations CERAMIC PRODUCTIVITY MANUAL. Page. Page

Index. Illustrations CERAMIC PRODUCTIVITY MANUAL. Page. Page CERAMIC PRODUCTIVITY MANUAL Index Page What is a Whisker-Reinforced Ceramic...4 WG-300 Fracture Surface...4 Physical Properties...5 How to Use the Properties of Greenleaf Advanced Ceramics...6 Relative

More information

Machining nickel alloys

Machining nickel alloys NiDl Nickel Development Institute Machining nickel alloys A Nickel Development Institute Reference Book, Series N o 11 008 Table of Contents Acknowledgments... i Abbreviation key... i Introduction... ii

More information

PRELIMINARY BROCHURE. Uddeholm Ramax HH

PRELIMINARY BROCHURE. Uddeholm Ramax HH PRELIMINARY BROCHURE Uddeholm Ramax HH Uddeholm Ramax HH Uddeholm Ramax HH provides several benefits: The product offers uniform hardness in all dimensions combined with excellent indentation resistance.

More information

Computer-Aided Numerical Control (CNC) Programming and Operation; Lathe Introduction, Advanced Mills

Computer-Aided Numerical Control (CNC) Programming and Operation; Lathe Introduction, Advanced Mills 1 of 6 9/9/2014 3:59 PM I. Catalog Information Credit- Degree applicable Effective Quarter: Fall 2014 MCNC 75B Computer-Aided Numerical Control (CNC) Programming and Operation; Lathe Introduction, Advanced

More information

Unit 6: EXTRUSION. Difficult to form metals like stainless steels, nickel based alloys and high temperature metals can also be extruded.

Unit 6: EXTRUSION. Difficult to form metals like stainless steels, nickel based alloys and high temperature metals can also be extruded. 1 Unit 6: EXTRUSION Introduction: Extrusion is a metal working process in which cross section of metal is reduced by forcing the metal through a die orifice under high pressure. It is used to produce cylindrical

More information

PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL OF MACHINING OPERATIONS

PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL OF MACHINING OPERATIONS PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL OF MACHINING OPERATIONS Uche R. 1 and Ebieto C. E. 2 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria 2 Department of Mechanical

More information

8.1 HPC for improved efficiency on standard machine tools by using new fluid-driven spindles

8.1 HPC for improved efficiency on standard machine tools by using new fluid-driven spindles 8.1 HPC for improved efficiency on standard machine tools by using new fluid-driven spindles A. Schubert 1, O. Harpaz 2, B. Books 2, U. Eckert 1, R. Wertheim 1 1 Fraunhofer IWU, Reichenhainer Str. 88,

More information

Uddeholm Dievar is a specially developed steel grade by Uddeholm, which provides the best possible performance.

Uddeholm Dievar is a specially developed steel grade by Uddeholm, which provides the best possible performance. Uddeholm Dievar is a specially developed steel grade by Uddeholm, which provides the best possible performance. The chemical composition and the very latest in production technique make the property profile

More information

Tvrdé struženie vs. Broušení - ekonomické aspekty. Hard Turning vs. Grinding - economical aspects

Tvrdé struženie vs. Broušení - ekonomické aspekty. Hard Turning vs. Grinding - economical aspects Tvrdé struženie vs. Broušení - ekonomické aspekty Hard Turning vs. Grinding - economical aspects M.Sc Engg Jakub Siwiec Supervisor: dr hab. inż. Wojciech Zębala, prof. PK Abstract New production technologies

More information

. Takım Tezgâhları: Planya, Freze ve İşlem Merkezleri

. Takım Tezgâhları: Planya, Freze ve İşlem Merkezleri 1. Takım Tezgâhları: Planya, Freze ve İşlem Merkezleri.1 Examples of Parts Produced Using the Machining Processes in the Chapter Figure 23.1 Typical parts and shapes produced with the machining processes

More information

UDDEHOLM BALDER UDDEHOLM BALDER UDDEHOLM STEEL FOR INDEXABLE INSERT CUTTING TOOLS

UDDEHOLM BALDER UDDEHOLM BALDER UDDEHOLM STEEL FOR INDEXABLE INSERT CUTTING TOOLS UDDEHOLM BALDER Reliable and efficient steel is essential for good results. The same goes for achieving high productivity and high availability. When choosing the right steel many parameters must be considered,

More information

KNOCK OUT NAK80 INTRODUCING PLASTIC MOLDS RUBBER MOLDS JIGS & FIXTURES PRESS DIES. 40 HRC Pre-Hardened High Performance High Precision Mold Steel

KNOCK OUT NAK80 INTRODUCING PLASTIC MOLDS RUBBER MOLDS JIGS & FIXTURES PRESS DIES. 40 HRC Pre-Hardened High Performance High Precision Mold Steel INTRODUCING NAK80 40 HRC Pre-Hardened High Performance High Precision Mold Steel KNOCK OUT THE COMPETITION PLASTIC MOLDS RUBBER MOLDS JIGS & FIXTURES PRESS DIES Features: Machines up to 20 percent faster

More information

Understanding the Wire EDM Process

Understanding the Wire EDM Process 5 Understanding the Wire EDM Process 69 Accuracy and Tolerances Wire EDM is extremely accurate. Many machines move in increments of 40 millionths of an inch (.00004") (.001 mm), some in 10 millionths of

More information

Why intelligent machining

Why intelligent machining Intelligent Machining What does intelligent machining means? Sensors Process model Dr. J. M. Zhou Avdelningen för mekanisk teknologi och verktygsmaskiner Lund Tekniska Högskola Machining processes - Metal

More information

Manufacturing Technology II. Exercise 6. Tool materials for forming tools

Manufacturing Technology II. Exercise 6. Tool materials for forming tools Lehrstuhl für Technologie der Fertigungsverfahren Laboratorium für Werkzeugmaschinen und Betriebslehre Manufacturing Technology II Exercise 6 Tool materials for forming tools Werkzeugmaschinenlabor Lehrstuhl

More information

Mechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied

Mechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied Mechanical Properties of Metals Mechanical Properties refers to the behavior of material when external forces are applied Stress and strain fracture or engineering point of view: allows to predict the

More information

INTERTECH 2006. EDM Technology To cut PCD Materials. Presented by. Eric Ostini Product Manager +GF+ Agie Charmilles Group

INTERTECH 2006. EDM Technology To cut PCD Materials. Presented by. Eric Ostini Product Manager +GF+ Agie Charmilles Group INTERTECH 2006 EDM Technology To cut PCD Materials Presented by Eric Ostini Product Manager Agie Charmilles Group +GF+ Outline Goal of the presentation What is PCD PCD applications that commonly used Wire

More information

1001 Business Center Drive Mount Prospect, IL 60056-2181 Toll Free: (800) 950-5202 Phone: (847) 635-0044 Fax: (847) 635-7866

1001 Business Center Drive Mount Prospect, IL 60056-2181 Toll Free: (800) 950-5202 Phone: (847) 635-0044 Fax: (847) 635-7866 1001 Business Center Drive Mount Prospect, IL 60056-2181 oll Free: (800) 950-5202 Phone: (847) 635-0044 Fax: (847) 635-7866 http://www.sumicarbide.com Sumitomo offers advanced milling, drilling, and hard

More information

MSS Monobloc holders for parting and grooving

MSS Monobloc holders for parting and grooving MSS Monobloc holders for parting and grooving Easy, profitable and convincing 2 Monobloc tool holder, system GX, for inserts with two cutting edges, size GX24. Inexpensive solution for radial grooving,

More information

X15TN TM. A high hardness, corrosion and fatigue resistance martensitic grade CONTINUOUS INNOVATION RESEARCH SERVICE.

X15TN TM. A high hardness, corrosion and fatigue resistance martensitic grade CONTINUOUS INNOVATION RESEARCH SERVICE. TM A high hardness, corrosion and fatigue resistance martensitic grade CONTINUOUS METALLURGICAL SPECIAL STEELS INNOVATION RESEARCH SERVICE DEVELOPMENT Enhancing your performance THE INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENT

More information

Crimp Tooling Where Form Meets Function

Crimp Tooling Where Form Meets Function Crimp Tooling Where Form Meets Function Quality, cost, and throughput are key attributes for any production process. The crimp termination process is no exception. Many variables contribute to the results.

More information

Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms

Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms What is happening in material during plastic deformation? Dislocations and Plastic Deformation Motion of dislocations in response to stress Slip

More information

CNC Vertical Machining Center V-Mill CNC Large box-way and linear guide way machines

CNC Vertical Machining Center V-Mill CNC Large box-way and linear guide way machines CNC Vertical Machining Center Large box-way and linear guide way machines Technical Datasheet CNC Vertical Machining Center Large box-way and linear guide way machines Spindle gear drive (50-taper) for

More information

COMPAX SUPREME Mold Quality Tool Steel

COMPAX SUPREME Mold Quality Tool Steel T OOL STEEL FACTS COMPAX Mold Quality Tool Steel Great Tooling Starts Here! 2 This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their

More information

Up to Speed. When considering a modern CNC. Spindle speeders allow micromachining on lower-rpm machines

Up to Speed. When considering a modern CNC. Spindle speeders allow micromachining on lower-rpm machines Up to Speed Spindle speeders allow micromachining on lower-rpm machines By Gerard Vacio, BIG Kaiser Precision Tooling Inc. As cutting tool manufacturers increase the recommended operating conditions for

More information

Uddeholm Sleipner. Uddeholm Sleipner

Uddeholm Sleipner. Uddeholm Sleipner Uddeholm Sleipner 1 UDDEHOLMS AB No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes without permission of the copyright holder. This information is based on our present

More information

EFFECT OF HARDNESS VARIATION ON SURFACE INTEGRITY OF CARBURIZED P20 STEEL

EFFECT OF HARDNESS VARIATION ON SURFACE INTEGRITY OF CARBURIZED P20 STEEL Copyright 2013 by ABCM EFFECT OF HARDNESS VARIATION ON SURFACE INTEGRITY OF CARBURIZED P20 STEEL Franciele Litvin franciele-litvin@hotmail.com Larissa França Madeira Manfrinato lari_manfrinato@hotmail.com

More information

Diamond and CBN grinding wheels for the perfect finish

Diamond and CBN grinding wheels for the perfect finish Diamond and CBN grinding wheels for the perfect finish The proven product range with maximum tool life A wide selection for the perfect finish The use of high performance abrasives has become an important

More information

Vibration signal analysis for monitoring tool wear in high speed turning of Ti-6Al-4V

Vibration signal analysis for monitoring tool wear in high speed turning of Ti-6Al-4V Indian Journal of Engineering & Materials Sciences Vol. 22, December 2015, pp. 652-660 Vibration signal analysis for monitoring tool wear in high speed turning of Ti-6Al-4V P Srinivasa Pai* & Grynal D

More information

Machine tools. Milling- and boring machines

Machine tools. Milling- and boring machines Milling- and boring machines Milling- and boring machines Our family owned company develops and manufactures customized machines and designs machine tools based on work piece requirements successfully

More information

UDDEHOLM IMPAX SUPREME

UDDEHOLM IMPAX SUPREME UDDEHOLM IMPAX SUPREME Uddeholm Impax Supreme is a premium prehardened mould steel with very good polishing and texturing properties. Uddeholm Impax Supreme is available in a very wide dimensional range,

More information

Cutting Processes. Simulation Techniques in Manufacturing Technology Lecture 7

Cutting Processes. Simulation Techniques in Manufacturing Technology Lecture 7 Cutting Processes Simulation Techniques in Manufacturing Technology Lecture 7 Laboratory for Machine Tools and Production Engineering Chair of Manufacturing Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. E.h. Dr.

More information

AC 2008-2887: MATERIAL SELECTION FOR A PRESSURE VESSEL

AC 2008-2887: MATERIAL SELECTION FOR A PRESSURE VESSEL AC 2008-2887: MATERIAL SELECTION FOR A PRESSURE VESSEL Somnath Chattopadhyay, Pennsylvania State University American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Page 13.869.1 Material Selection for a Pressure

More information

Advance in Monitoring and Process Control of Surface Roughness Somkiat Tangjitsitcharoen and Siripong Damrongthaveesak

Advance in Monitoring and Process Control of Surface Roughness Somkiat Tangjitsitcharoen and Siripong Damrongthaveesak Advance in Monitoring and Process Control of Surface Roughness Somkiat Tangjitsitcharoen and Siripong Damrongthaveesak Abstract This paper presents an advance in monitoring and process control of surface

More information

Technical Data. 7. Bearing Fits. 7.1 Interference. 7.2 Calculation of interference F B LLLLLLLLL( A-54

Technical Data. 7. Bearing Fits. 7.1 Interference. 7.2 Calculation of interference F B LLLLLLLLL( A-54 Technical Data 7. Bearing Fits 7.1 Interference For rolling s the rings are fixed on the or in the housing so that slip or movement does not occur between the mated surface during operation or under. This

More information

Cutting and Shearing die design Cutting die design

Cutting and Shearing die design Cutting die design Manufacturing Processes 2 Dr. Alaa Hasan Ali Cutting and Shearing die design Cutting die design A stamping die is a special, one-of-a-kind precision tool that cuts and forms sheet metal into a desired

More information

NEW INTERCHANGEABLE REAMING HEAD SYSTEM FAST

NEW INTERCHANGEABLE REAMING HEAD SYSTEM FAST August 2007 / NEW029.1 / PAGE 1 OF 7 NEW INTERCHANGEABLE REAMING HEA YTEM FAT ACCURATE GOO FINIH Ingersoll is introducing the QwikReam, a new high speed reaming system. The QwikReam consists of an interchangeable

More information

North American Stainless

North American Stainless North American Stainless Flat Products Stainless Steel Sheet T409 INTRODUCTION NAS 409 is an 11% chromium, stabilized ferritic stainless steel. It is not as resistant to corrosion or high-temperature oxidation

More information

Final Report. Period Start Date: October 1, 2000 Period End Date: September 30, 2002

Final Report. Period Start Date: October 1, 2000 Period End Date: September 30, 2002 Development of Advanced Drill Components for BHA Using Microwave Technology Incorporating Carbide, Diamond Composites and Functionally Graded Materials Final Report Period Start Date: October 1, 2000 Period

More information

Lecture slides on rolling By: Dr H N Dhakal Lecturer in Mechanical and Marine Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth

Lecture slides on rolling By: Dr H N Dhakal Lecturer in Mechanical and Marine Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth Lecture slides on rolling By: Dr H N Dhakal Lecturer in Mechanical and Marine Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Plymouth Bulk deformation forming (rolling) Rolling is the process of reducing

More information

How To Understand High Speed Machining

How To Understand High Speed Machining HIGH SPEED MACHINING (HSM) THE EFFECTIVE WAY OF MODERN CUTTING Pasko, R. - Przybylski, L. & Slodki, B. Rafal Pasko Eng., Research assistant. Lucjan Przybylski Prof. Eng., Cracow University of Technology,

More information

CH 6: Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading

CH 6: Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading CH 6: Fatigue Failure Resulting from Variable Loading Some machine elements are subjected to static loads and for such elements static failure theories are used to predict failure (yielding or fracture).

More information

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE COLLAR PRODUCTION ON THE PIERCED FLAT SHEET METAL USING LASER FORMING PROCESS

EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE COLLAR PRODUCTION ON THE PIERCED FLAT SHEET METAL USING LASER FORMING PROCESS JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN SCIENCE (ISSN 2322-5009) CODEN (USA): JCRSDJ 2014, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp:277-284 Available at www.jcrs010.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE COLLAR

More information

TIE-31: Mechanical and thermal properties of optical glass

TIE-31: Mechanical and thermal properties of optical glass PAGE 1/10 1 Density The density of optical glass varies from 239 for N-BK10 to 603 for SF66 In most cases glasses with higher densities also have higher refractive indices (eg SF type glasses) The density

More information

WJM Technologies excellence in material joining

WJM Technologies excellence in material joining Girish P. Kelkar, Ph.D. (562) 743-7576 girish@welding-consultant.com www.welding-consultant.com Weld Cracks An Engineer s Worst Nightmare There are a variety of physical defects such as undercut, insufficient

More information

General Guidelines for Building Aluminum Production Injection Molds

General Guidelines for Building Aluminum Production Injection Molds General Guidelines for Building Aluminum Production Injection Molds Using 7000 series Aluminum Mold Plate By David Bank Aluminum Injection Mold Company Rochester, New York 1 Introduction This high strength

More information

Improved Broaching Steel Technology

Improved Broaching Steel Technology Improved Broaching Steel Technology Michael E. Burnett TimkenSteel Corporation 1835 Dueber Ave. SW, Canton Ohio 44706 Phone: (330) 471-3273 Email: michael.burnett@timkensteel.com Key Words: Alloy Steel,

More information

Kennametal Grade System for Cutting Materials

Kennametal Grade System for Cutting Materials EA ERFECT ELECTIO YTE ennametal Grade ystem for Cutting aterials Grade election Table Type Grade Coating Composition and Application Area of use IERT OD/ID TOOLIG TOOL ADATER VDI GROOVIG AD TREADIG ALICATIO

More information

UDDEHOLM ELMAX SUPERCLEAN

UDDEHOLM ELMAX SUPERCLEAN UDDEHOLM ELMAX SUPERCLEAN UDDEHOLMS AB No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes without permission of the copyright holder. This information is based on our

More information

Effect of tool geometry variation on finish turning A Review

Effect of tool geometry variation on finish turning A Review Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 4 (1) (2011) 1-13 Review Article JOURNAL OF Engineering Science and Technology Review www.jestr.org Effect of tool geometry variation on finish turning

More information

Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms

Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms Chapter Outline Dislocations and Strengthening Mechanisms What is happening in material during plastic deformation? Dislocations and Plastic Deformation Motion of dislocations in response to stress Slip

More information

CNC Vertical Machining Center Alpha-Center HD Heavy cast iron design, precise guideways, high-performance gear designed for heavy machining

CNC Vertical Machining Center Alpha-Center HD Heavy cast iron design, precise guideways, high-performance gear designed for heavy machining CNC Vertical Machining Center Alpha-Center HD Heavy cast iron design, precise guideways, high-performance gear designed for heavy machining Optional spindle package: 31 kw maximum power 870 Nm max. torque

More information

indexable Center Drill

indexable Center Drill Our innovative tooling design upgrades productivity and competitive capability while reducing production requirements in a range of industries. The tooling system is designed to benefit users of machining

More information

P. Lu, Sh. Huang and K. Jiang

P. Lu, Sh. Huang and K. Jiang 416 Rev. Adv. Mater. Sci. 33 (2013) 416-422 P. Lu, Sh. Huang and K. Jiang NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL BULK METAL FORMING PROCESSES WITH ARBITRARILY SHAPED DIES USING THE RIGID/VISCO-PLASTIC

More information

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS DAMASCENE STEEL

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS DAMASCENE STEEL AUSTENITIC STAINLESS DAMASCENE STEEL Damasteel s austenitic stainless Damascene Steel is a mix between types 304L and 316L stainless steels which are variations of the 18 percent chromium 8 percent nickel

More information

Cerobear Spindle Bearings for Machine Tool Applications

Cerobear Spindle Bearings for Machine Tool Applications Cerobear Spindle Bearings for Machine Tool Applications Cerobear Spindle Bearings About CEROBEAR Committed to the abbreviation CEramic in ROlling BEARings, CEROBEAR GmbH is the renowned world leader in

More information

GENERAL PROPERTIES //////////////////////////////////////////////////////

GENERAL PROPERTIES ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ALLOY 625 DATA SHEET //// Alloy 625 (UNS designation N06625) is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy possessing excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion over a broad range of corrosive conditions,

More information

North American Stainless

North American Stainless North American Stainless Flat Products Stainless Steel Grade Sheet 430 (S43000)/ EN 1.4016 Introduction: SS430 is a low-carbon plain chromium, ferritic stainless steel without any stabilization of carbon

More information

MATERIALIZING VISIONS. Bohler-Uddeholm P20 Modified

MATERIALIZING VISIONS. Bohler-Uddeholm P20 Modified MATERIALIZING VISIONS Bohler-Uddeholm P20 Modified General Bohler-Uddeholm P20 Modified is a Cr-Mo-alloyed steel which is supplied in the hardened and tempered condition. P20 Modified offers the following

More information