STEEL/CONCRETE COMPOSITE DESIGN FOR LONG SPAN BRIDGES
|
|
- Percival Houston
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 STEEL/CONCRETE COMPOSITE DESIGN FOR LONG SPAN BRIDGES Steven T. Hague, P.E., S.E. Associate Vice President HNTB Corporation 715 Kirk Drive Kansas City, Missouri ABSTRACT Composite construction has been used in bridges and buildings for many years, and for buildings and short span bridges the construction techniques are well developed. However, for longer spans, especially at restricted access sites such as major river crossings and environmentally sensitive areas, some unconventional approaches to composite construction are required. The focus of this paper will be the design of steel/concrete composite structures in long-span bridge applications. BACKGROUND Although bridges and buildings constructed of concrete floors supported on steel beams and girders have been in use since the early 1900s, the design of beams as composite sections is a relatively recent development, following closely with the development and acceptance of welding as a structural fabrication technique. In a conventional sense, the top flanges of steel girders are fitted with shear lugs, typically welded studs, to provide a positive means to prevent slip along the interface between the steel beam and the concrete deck. Conventional construction of a composite beam would be to erect the structural steel, complete with splices, connections, and other attachments as may be required to provide a stable framework for deck placement; installation of the deck formwork (either cold formed steel decking, prestressed concrete deck panels, or conventional plywood forms) and shear studs; and placement and finishing of the concrete deck. Generally, this method is quite satisfactory for building construction as there are no real obstacles such as deep streams or ravines, fast-flowing rivers, or major transportation routes to cross which require minimal disruption to underpassing traffic. However, in bridge construction where there is always an obstacle of one form or another construction methods are not always practical. THE PROBLEM As one can imagine, providing adequate shoring to support a structure with a span of several hundred feet would prove difficult at best. Add to that the excess compression flange area necessary to support not only the girder, but also the dead load of the concrete deck and additional compression flange bracing, and it is easy to see that the advantage of composite 1
2 construction quickly disappears. Except for live load, the entire structural system may as well be a non-composite section or elaborate shoring systems developed to support the girder while waiting for the deck to cure. Over the past twenty-five years or so, as analysis routines have become more sophisticated, universities have added to the knowledge base of structural behavior, and construction methods have been developed which utilize all components of a structural system, medium and long span bridges have become more efficient and economical. By beginning the design with a basic assumption as to the construction method and sequence, the engineer can develop a design which fully utilizes all components in place at a given stage of construction, without excessive materials or overstressing individual components. Project Location FIGURE 1. Location Map - Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge NONCOMPOSITE, COMPOSITE, NEITHER OR BOTH? As an example, consider the Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge over the Mississippi River now under construction at Cape Girardeau, Missouri (Figure 1.) Crossing the Mississippi River is a formidable undertaking in the best of circumstances, and a location clearly unsuitable to conventional bridge erection methods. The conceptual and preliminary design process for the Cape Girardeau bridge set the main span length at 1150 feet and determined that a cable-stayed bridge, of either concrete or steel/concrete composite construction, would be the most cost effective structure type for this location. Figure 2 shows an elevation view of the cable-stayed unit. 2
3 FIGURE 2. Elevation - Cable-stayed Spans In order to effectively design a steel/concrete composite cable-stayed bridge, the engineer must include the anticipated construction technique in the design of the bridge. This includes the determination of the types, weight and location of construction equipment to be used in the construction, the anticipated construction schedule, and the pieces that will be shop-fabricated vs. the components to be installed in the field. Failure to accurately predict any of the above items will result in a structure that is either overdesigned, or requires the contractor to add steel to the sections in order to meet stress requirements during erection. An analysis of the conditions during erection will demonstrate that the bridge will be called upon to work in combined compression and bending during every stage of construction. Additionally, parts of the bridge will be acting as a composite section for bending and a different composite section for axial loads. This in turn effects the "locked-in" dead load stresses during construction. The conservative approach to the design of a steel/concrete cable-stayed bridge is to utilize a very detailed erection analysis in order to accurately capture the step-by-step locked-in stresses, then through superposition consider the superimposed loads the structure may be required to carry. steps: During each step of the erection procedure the contractor will perform the following 1. One field section of structural steel framing will be lifted and bolted into place. This section will be comprised of two steel edge girders and two floorbeams. The approximate weight of this field section is 70 tons. 2. Stay-cables will then be fabricated and attached to the tower and each edge girder, then stressed to an initial load of approximately 10 percent of final cable dead load force. 3
4 FIGURE 3. Superstructure Framing Detail 3. The contractor will then lift and place precast concrete deck panels, spanning from floorbeam to floorbeam and half the width of the bridge. Closure strips will then be cast atop the floorbeams and allowed to cure prior to longitudinal post-tensioning of the deck. 4. Once the post-tensioning has been completed, additional concrete strips will be cast above the edge girder flanges. FIGURE 4. Superstructure with Deck Panels in Place 4
5 5. The stay-cables for that field section will then be stressed to the intermediate, or final erection force. Some minor force adjustments may be necessary after midspan closure to achieve final roadway profile. Upon close examination of these general construction steps it becomes obvious that the superstructure begins as a noncomposite section and with the placement of the closure strips the floorbeams and then the edge girders become composite sections. SECTION CHANGES STEP BY STEP As each steel field section is erected it will be bolted into place and cantilever as a noncomposite section 11 meters (35 feet) beyond the previously completed section. The bridge is now ready for the installation of the precast deck panels. These panels, 13 meters (43 feet) in width, 5 meters (17 feet) in length and 280 millimeters (11 inches) thick, weigh approximately 50 tons each. With four panels per section, the dead load alone generates a great deal of bending in the floorbeams and edge girders as well as increasing the cable load and thrust component of that load. These forces all act on the noncomposite section of the current field piece and the composite section of earlier sections of the bridge. As can be seen in Figure 5, the previously erected section is partially composite and fully supported by stay cables. The effective width of composite concrete slab has two values; one for axial loads and another for bending. The effective concrete section at the leading edge of the composite slab is assumed to be zero, increasing at an angle of 26.5 to 30, depending upon the reference one would choose to accept, until the effective width for axial load is equal to the width of the bridge. Since the basis for bridge design in the US is the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 30 was used for the design of the bridge at Cape Girardeau. This variable distribution of load into the deck somewhat increases the complexity of the computer model. 5
6 FIGURE 5. Distribution of Axial Load In addition to the variable width of the slab effective for axial loads, as the section is erected, bending in the section acts fully on a noncomposite section. Then, as the stay cable is stressed, even to the minimal load of installation, the horizontal component of the load is carried through the noncomposite section to the previously completed field section. Then the load acts on an increasing larger composite section until the bridge section is fully effective. This force is additive to the "locked-in" forces from the erection of preceding components. Next, the panels are made composite with the floorbeams with a closure strip which is cast on the top flange between the panels. Once cured, the panels are post-tensioned in the longitudinal direction, then additional closure strips are cast on the edge girder flanges to make the edge girders composite. It is at this stage that the deck panels begin to benefit the structure. Although the full section may not be effective until two to three additional field pieces are installed, the deck begins to participate in carrying load. CONCLUSIONS As can be easily recognized by the above description, the construction of steel/concrete composite bridges in the medium to long span range can be somewhat of a challenge to bridge designers. The complex analyses to consider non-composite and composite sections, various stress levels which may be "locked-in" to the non-composite section by the addition of a composite deck, and the combination of both bending and axial stresses which act on variable sections are the key to producing a safe, economical design. By careful consideration of possible erection methods and equipment which could be used and its location during construction... 6
US 51 Ohio River Bridge Engineering and Environmental Study
US 51 Ohio River Bridge Engineering and Environmental Study ITEM NOS. 1-100.00 & 1-1140.00 Prepared by: Michael Baker Jr., Inc. 9750 Ormsby Station Rd Louisville, KY 40223 August 16, 2013 Table of Contents
More informationOptimum proportions for the design of suspension bridge
Journal of Civil Engineering (IEB), 34 (1) (26) 1-14 Optimum proportions for the design of suspension bridge Tanvir Manzur and Alamgir Habib Department of Civil Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering
More informationDesign of Steel Structures Prof. S.R.Satish Kumar and Prof. A.R.Santha Kumar. Fig. 7.21 some of the trusses that are used in steel bridges
7.7 Truss bridges Fig. 7.21 some of the trusses that are used in steel bridges Truss Girders, lattice girders or open web girders are efficient and economical structural systems, since the members experience
More informationIndex 20010 Series Prestressed Florida-I Beams (Rev. 07/12)
Index 20010 Series Prestressed Florida-I Beams (Rev. 07/12) Design Criteria AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, 6th Edition; Structures Detailing Manual (SDM); Structures Design Guidelines (SDG)
More informationDraft Table of Contents. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary ACI 318-14
Draft Table of Contents Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary ACI 318-14 BUILDING CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR STRUCTURAL CONCRETE (ACI 318 14) Chapter 1 General 1.1 Scope of ACI 318
More informationTECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SERIES 8000 PRECAST CONCRETE
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SERIES 8000 PRECAST CONCRETE TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION PART 8000 - PRECAST CONCRETE TABLE OF CONTENTS Item Number Page 8100 PRECAST CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION - GENERAL 8-3 8101 General
More informationSteel joists and joist girders are
THE STEEL CONFERENCE Hints on Using Joists Efficiently By Tim Holtermann, S.E., P.E.; Drew Potts, P.E.; Bob Sellers, P.E.; and Walt Worthley, P.E. Proper coordination between structural engineers and joist
More informationOverhang Bracket Loading. Deck Issues: Design Perspective
Deck Issues: Design Perspective Overhang Bracket Loading Deck overhangs and screed rails are generally supported on cantilever brackets during the deck pour These brackets produce an overturning couple
More informationSafe & Sound Bridge Terminology
Safe & Sound Bridge Terminology Abutment A retaining wall supporting the ends of a bridge, and, in general, retaining or supporting the approach embankment. Approach The part of the bridge that carries
More informationFormwork for Concrete
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT CM 420 TEMPORARY STRUCTURES Winter Quarter 2007 Professor Kamran M. Nemati Formwork for Concrete Horizontal Formwork Design and Formwork Design
More informationMaterials. Estimating Steel. Players. Materials. Shop Drawings. Detailing Process. Standard shapes. Fabricated members, Built-up sections
Materials Standard shapes W sections, C channels, Structural T, Angles, Pipes, Tubes, Rods and Plates Fabricated members, Built-up sections Adding plates to beam flanges, Stiffeners to beam webs Built
More informationSteel and composite bridges in Germany State of the Art
Steel and composite bridges in Germany State of the Art Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. G. Hanswille Institute for Steel and Composite Structures University of Wuppertal Germany Univ.-Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c.
More informationResidential Prototype III. Multi-Story. The Multi-Story. Your connection to ideas + answers. Prepared by: AISC Steel Solutions Center
Multi-Story Residential Prototype III The Multi-Story Residential Prototype III Prepared by: AISC Steel Solutions Center What s this? This package tells the story of a fictitious project with an imaginary
More informationCOLUMN-FREE OFFICE SPACE RISES IN CHICAGO S LOOP
COLUMN-FREE OFFICE SPACE RISES IN CHICAGO S LOOP 30 x45 bay provides maximum tenant flexibility and increases leasing marketability By David E. Eckmann AIA, S.E. P.E. SURGING DEMANDS FOR RENTABLE OFFICE
More informationAPPENDIX H DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NCHRP 12-79 PROJECT NEW BRIDGE DESIGNS
APPENDIX H DESIGN CRITERIA FOR NCHRP 12-79 PROJECT NEW BRIDGE DESIGNS This appendix summarizes the criteria applied for the design of new hypothetical bridges considered in NCHRP 12-79 s Task 7 parametric
More informationTechnical Assignment 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary...3 Introduction..5 Gravity Loads......6 Design Codes......7 Materials..8 Existing Structural System.. 10 Existing Floor System 15 Alternate Floor Framing Systems...17
More informationWI LEY Blackwell. Multi-storey Precast Concrete Framed Structures. Colin K. Jolly MSc, PhD, CEng, MICE, FIStructE
Multi-storey Precast Concrete Framed Structures Kim S. Elliott BTech, PhD, CEng, MICE Colin K. Jolly MSc, PhD, CEng, MICE, FIStructE WI LEY Blackwell Contents Preface Notation Precast Concepts, History
More informationRapid Short and Medium Span Bridge Construction Using Innovative. Precast Structural Systems
Rapid Short and Medium Span Bridge Construction Using Innovative Precast Structural Systems By: Derek M. Scullion A thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science
More informationPreliminary steel concrete composite bridge design charts for Eurocodes
Preliminary steel concrete composite bridge 90 Rachel Jones Senior Engineer Highways & Transportation Atkins David A Smith Regional Head of Bridge Engineering Highways & Transportation Atkins Abstract
More informationValue Engineering vs. Alternate Designs in Bridge Bidding
Value Engineering vs. Alternate Designs in Bridge Bidding Compares the advantages and disadvantages of alternate designs and value engineering in bidding of bridges as experienced in the State of Florida.
More informationEvaluation of Appropriate Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation Methods for Iowa Bridges
T. J. Wipf, F. S. Fanous, F. W. Klaiber, A. S. Eapen Evaluation of Appropriate Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation Methods for Iowa Bridges April 2003 Sponsored by the Iowa Department of Transportation
More informationBridge Type Selection
Bridge Type Selection The major consideration for bridge type selection for bridges on the State Aid system is initial cost. Future maintenance costs, construction time, and location are considered when
More information-To discuss the technical and social implications of the design and construction of bridges
bridge A structure spanning and providing passage over a gap or barrier Building Bridges Unit 5 Project Student Objectives -To discuss the technical and social implications of the design and construction
More informationEngineering for Stability in Bridge Construction: A New Manual and Training Course by FHWA/NHI
Engineering for Stability in Bridge Construction: A New Manual and Training Course by FHWA/NHI AASHTO SCOBS T-14 Meeting Saratoga Springs, NY April 20, 2015 Brian Kozy, PhD, P.E. Federal Highway Administration
More informationThe Analysis of Open Web Steel Joists in Existing Buildings
PDHonline Course S117 (1 PDH) The Analysis of Open Web Steel Joists in Existing Buildings Instructor: D. Matthew Stuart, P.E., S.E., F.ASCE, F.SEI, SECB, MgtEng 2013 PDH Online PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates
More informationNew Troja Bridge in Prague Concept and Structural Analysis of Steel Parts
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 00 (2012) 000 000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia Steel Structures and Bridges 2012 New Troja Bridge in Prague Concept and Structural Analysis
More informationJoist. Reinforcement. Draft 12/7/02
Joist Reinforcement Draft 12/7/02 1 JOIST REINFORCING The purpose of this CSD Design Aid is to provide procedures and suggested details for the reinforcement of open web steel joists. There are three basic
More informationMULTI-RESIDENTIAL BUILDING SOLUTIONS
MULTI-RESIDENTIAL BUILDING SOLUTIONS OUR EXPERTISE AT YOUR SERVICE Canam has been offering owners, real estate developers, architects, engineers and contractors an array of construction solutions since
More informationThe following sketches show the plans of the two cases of one-way slabs. The spanning direction in each case is shown by the double headed arrow.
9.2 One-way Slabs This section covers the following topics. Introduction Analysis and Design 9.2.1 Introduction Slabs are an important structural component where prestressing is applied. With increase
More informationMETHOD OF STATEMENT FOR STATIC LOADING TEST
Compression Test, METHOD OF STATEMENT FOR STATIC LOADING TEST Tension Test and Lateral Test According to the American Standards ASTM D1143 07, ASTM D3689 07, ASTM D3966 07 and Euro Codes EC7 Table of Contents
More informationFigure 5-11. Test set-up
5.5. Load Procedure A uniform load configuration was used for the load tests. An air bag, placed on the top surface of the slab, was used for this purpose, and the load was applied by gradually increasing
More informationSnake River Bridge Load Test Addressing Bridge Management Issues WBES 2015 Reno, NV
Snake River Bridge Load Test Addressing Bridge Management Issues WBES 2015 Reno, NV Brice Carpenter, P.E. Bridge Diagnostics, Inc. 1995 57 th Court North, Suite 100 Boulder, CO 80301 (303) 494-3230 bricec@bridgetest.com
More informationConstruction Laborer Dies after Falling off Collapsed Precast Concrete Floor Slab
STATE OF NEW YORK DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH FATALITY ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL EVALUATION Construction Laborer Dies after Falling off Collapsed Precast Concrete Floor Slab Case Report: 07NY015 SUMMARY In February
More informationDesign of Bridges. Introduction. 3 rd to 4 th July 2012. Lecture for SPIN Training at the University of Dar es Salaam
Design of Bridges Introduction 3 rd to 4 th July 2012 1 FUNCTION OF A BRIDGE To connect two communities which are separated by streams, river, valley, or gorge, etc. 2 EVOLUTION OF BRIDGES 1. Log Bridge
More informationStatics of Structural Supports
Statics of Structural Supports TYPES OF FORCES External Forces actions of other bodies on the structure under consideration. Internal Forces forces and couples exerted on a member or portion of the structure
More informationFEBRUARY 2014 LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN 4-1
FEBRUARY 2014 LRFD BRIDGE DESIGN 4-1 4. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION The analysis of bridges and structures is a mixture of science and engineering judgment. In most cases, use simple models with
More informationDESIGN OF SLABS. 3) Based on support or boundary condition: Simply supported, Cantilever slab,
DESIGN OF SLABS Dr. G. P. Chandradhara Professor of Civil Engineering S. J. College of Engineering Mysore 1. GENERAL A slab is a flat two dimensional planar structural element having thickness small compared
More informationVirginia Approach Spans
Virginia Concrete Conference 2009 Woodrow Virginia Approach Spans David Tackoor, HNTB Formerly of URS Corp for Potomac Crossing Consultants Woodrow 1 Second Severn Crossing 2 Medway Crossing (Channel Tunnel
More information16. Beam-and-Slab Design
ENDP311 Structural Concrete Design 16. Beam-and-Slab Design Beam-and-Slab System How does the slab work? L- beams and T- beams Holding beam and slab together University of Western Australia School of Civil
More informationQuality Control and Quality Assurance Guide
Quality Control and Quality Assurance Guide Bridge Division, Design Section October 2013 Table of Contents Chapter 1 About this Guide... 3 Chapter 2 Goals and Objectives... 5 Chapter 3 Participants...
More informationNational Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying. Principles and Practice of Engineering Structural Examination
Structural Effective Beginning with the April 2011 The structural engineering exam is a breadth and exam examination offered in two components on successive days. The 8-hour Vertical Forces (Gravity/Other)
More informationChallenging Skew: Higgins Road Steel I-Girder Bridge over I-90 OTEC 2015 - October 27, 2015 Session 26
2014 HDR Architecture, 2014 2014 HDR, HDR, Inc., all all rights reserved. Challenging Skew: Higgins Road Steel I-Girder Bridge over I-90 OTEC 2015 - October 27, 2015 Session 26 Brandon Chavel, PhD, P.E.,
More information4B-2. 2. The stiffness of the floor and roof diaphragms. 3. The relative flexural and shear stiffness of the shear walls and of connections.
Shear Walls Buildings that use shear walls as the lateral force-resisting system can be designed to provide a safe, serviceable, and economical solution for wind and earthquake resistance. Shear walls
More informationPrestressed Concrete I-Beam and TxGirder Haunch Design Guide
Prestressed Concrete I-Beam and TxGirder Haunch Design Guide Components of the Haunch Camber: Camber is the upward deflection in the beam after release of the prestressing strands due to the eccentricity
More informationAnalysis of the Response Under Live Loads of Two New Cable Stayed Bridges Built in Mexico
Analysis of the Response Under Live Loads of Two New Cable Stayed Bridges Built in Mexico Roberto Gómez, Raul Sánchez-García, J.A. Escobar and Luis M. Arenas-García Abstract In this paper we study the
More informationCONCRETE FLOOR SLAB & CASTING BED CONSTRUCTION
CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB & CASTING BED CONSTRUCTION General 7 www.meadowburke.com 877-518-7665 MB1109 CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB AND CASTING BED CONSTRUCTION Quality Construction Begins at Ground Level Everything
More informationChapter 2 Basis of design and materials
Chapter 2 Basis of design and materials 2.1 Structural action It is necessary to start a design by deciding on the type and layout of structure to be used. Tentative sizes must be allocated to each structural
More informationSECTION 5 ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS SPANS DEVELOPED BY THE PTI EDC-130 EDUCATION COMMITTEE LEAD AUTHOR: BRYAN ALLRED
SECTION 5 ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS SPANS DEVELOPED BY THE PTI EDC-130 EDUCATION COMMITTEE LEAD AUTHOR: BRYAN ALLRED NOTE: MOMENT DIAGRAM CONVENTION In PT design, it is preferable to draw moment diagrams
More informationA transverse strip of the deck is assumed to support the truck axle loads. Shear and fatigue of the reinforcement need not be investigated.
Design Step 4 Design Step 4.1 DECK SLAB DESIGN In addition to designing the deck for dead and live loads at the strength limit state, the AASHTO-LRFD specifications require checking the deck for vehicular
More informationAnalysis II Façade Redesign: Architectural Precast Panels
Analysis II Façade Redesign: Architectural Precast Panels Analysis II Façade Redesign: Architectural Precast Panels Overview: This analysis covers the comparison of the current EIFS façade and my proposed
More informationSECTION 3 DESIGN OF POST TENSIONED COMPONENTS FOR FLEXURE
SECTION 3 DESIGN OF POST TENSIONED COMPONENTS FOR FLEXURE DEVELOPED BY THE PTI EDC-130 EDUCATION COMMITTEE LEAD AUTHOR: TREY HAMILTON, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA NOTE: MOMENT DIAGRAM CONVENTION In PT design,
More informationThe ACR : Advanced Design Features for a Short Construction Schedule
Transactions of the 17 th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT 17) Prague, Czech Republic, August 17 22, 2003 Paper # S01-3 The ACR : Advanced Design Features for
More informationBrandangersundet Bridge A slender and light network arch
Brandangersundet Bridge A slender and light network arch Rolf Magne Larssen Dr. ing./ Ph.D. Dr. ing A. Aas-Jakobsen AS Oslo, Norway rml@aaj.no Rolf Magne Larssen, born 1958, received his Ph.D. in structural
More informationU.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration Directorate of Construction. April 2015
Investigation of the November 13 and 14, 2014 collapses of two pedestrian bridges under construction at Wake Technical Community College Campus, Raleigh, NC U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety
More information6 RETROFITTING POST & PIER HOUSES
Retrofitting Post & Pier Houses 71 6 RETROFITTING POST & PIER HOUSES by James E. Russell, P.E. 72 Retrofitting Post & Pier Houses Retrofitting Post & Pier Houses 73 RETROFITTING POST AND PIER HOUSES This
More informationInvestigation of the November 2, 2013 collapse of concrete beams at Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Airport runway project
Investigation of the November 2, 2013 collapse of concrete beams at Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood Airport runway project U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration Directorate of
More informationHow To Build A Luxury Apartment Complex In London
Post Tensioning Awards 2009 Project Summary Type of structure Location Architects Structural Engineer Residential with leisure suites including Swimming pool, Cinema, Virtual Golf, Wine Cellars, and Parking
More informationIH-635 MANAGED LANES PROJECT, SEG. 3.2
IH-635 MANAGED LANES PROJECT, SEG. 3.2 Location: Dallas, Texas Owner: Texas Department of Transportation Client: Ferrovial Agroman Construction Cost: $1 Billion Construction Completion Date: December,
More informationThe Rehabilitation Alternative Huey P. Long Bridge Case Study. Bruce E. Peterson, P.E. Project Manager Modjeski and Masters, Inc.
The Rehabilitation Alternative Huey P. Long Bridge Case Study Bruce E. Peterson, P.E. Project Manager Modjeski and Masters, Inc. March 22, 2010 Replacement vs. Rehabilitation Project Background Introduction
More informationCable-Stayed Bridge as an Alternative for Medium and Short Span Bridges
Cable-Stayed Bridge as an Alternative for Medium and Short Span Bridges Azita Azarnejad, CH2M HILL Ken McWhinnie, CH2M HILL Gamil Tadros, Speco Engineering Jiri Strasky, Jiri Strasky Consulting Engineer
More informationActivity 2.3b Engineering Problem Solving Answer Key
Activity.3b Engineering roblem Solving Answer Key 1. A force of 00 lbs pushes against a rectangular plate that is 1 ft. by ft. Determine the lb lb pressure in and that the plate exerts on the ground due
More informationSECTION 02845 GUARDRAILS
SECTION 02845 GUARDRAILS PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 SCOPE OF WORK A. Furnish all labor, materials, equipment and incidentals necessary and repair, replace or install all types of guardrails as specified herein
More informationSECTION 3 DESIGN OF POST- TENSIONED COMPONENTS FOR FLEXURE
SECTION 3 DESIGN OF POST- TENSIONED COMPONENTS FOR FLEXURE DEVELOPED BY THE PTI EDC-130 EDUCATION COMMITTEE LEAD AUTHOR: TREY HAMILTON, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA NOTE: MOMENT DIAGRAM CONVENTION In PT design,
More informationDESIGN OF SLABS. Department of Structures and Materials Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
DESIGN OF SLABS Department of Structures and Materials Engineering Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Introduction Types of Slab Slabs are plate elements
More informationDetailing of Reinforcment in Concrete Structures
Chapter 8 Detailing of Reinforcment in Concrete Structures 8.1 Scope Provisions of Sec. 8.1 and 8.2 of Chapter 8 shall apply for detailing of reinforcement in reinforced concrete members, in general. For
More informationPage & Turnbull imagining change in historic environments through design, research, and technology
DCI+SDE STRUCTURAL EVALUATIONS OFFICE BUILDING, TOOL SHED & WATER TANK, AND BLACKSMITH & MACHINE SHOP BUILDINGS SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA [14290] PRIMARY PROJECT CONTACT: H. Ruth Todd, FAIA, AICP, LEED
More informationConstruction of precast reinforced concrete structures. Prefabricated reinforced concrete construction:
Construction of precast reinforced concrete structures István VidovszkyPhD definition 2 Prefabricated reinforced concrete construction: Construction of RC components of buildings, the majority of which
More informationChapter 5 Bridge Deck Slabs. Bridge Engineering 1
Chapter 5 Bridge Deck Slabs Bridge Engineering 1 Basic types of bridge decks In-situ reinforced concrete deck- (most common type) Pre-cast concrete deck (minimize the use of local labor) Open steel grid
More informationREPAIR AND STRENGTHENING OF HISTORICAL CONCRETE BRIDGE OVER VENTA RIVER IN LATVIA
1 REPAIR AND STRENGTHENING OF HISTORICAL CONCRETE BRIDGE OVER VENTA RIVER IN LATVIA Verners Straupe, M.sc.eng., Rudolfs Gruberts, dipl. eng. JS Celuprojekts, Murjanu St. 7a, Riga, LV 1024, Latvia e-mail:
More informationREHABILITATION PACKAGE 1-a
1-a WINONA BRIDGE (BRIDGE 5900) REHABILITATION PACKAGE 1-a Rehab option 1-a is a rehabilitation package whereby all spans of the existing structure would be rehabilitated to the degree feasible and strengthened
More informationTABLE OF CONTENTS. Roof Decks 172 B, BA, BV Deck N, NA Deck. Form Decks 174.6 FD,.6 FDV Deck 1.0 FD, 1.0 FDV Deck 1.5 FD Deck 2.0 FD Deck 3.
Pages identified with the NMBS Logo as shown above, have been produced by NMBS to assist specifiers and consumers in the application of New Millennium Building Systems Deck products. Pages identified with
More informationFORM DESIGN. easy to work with, and generally available.
Forms play a major role in concrete construction. They give the plastic concrete its shape and hold it until it hardens. Forms protect the concrete, assist in curing it, and support any reinforcing rods
More informationSection 8.1 Volume I QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM OF PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PRODUCTS
Section 8.1 Volume I QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM OF PRECAST PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PRODUCTS 8.1.1 PURPOSE This procedure provides guidelines related to the implementation of quality control and quality assurance
More informationCanadian Standards Association
S6S1-10 10.10.2.2 Laterally supported members When continuous lateral support is provided to the compression flange of a member subjected to bending about its major axis, the factored moment resistance,
More informationCHAPTER 9 LONG TERM MONITORING AT THE ROUTE 351 BRIDGE
CHAPTER 9 LONG TERM MONITORING AT THE ROUTE 351 BRIDGE 9.1 INTRODUCTION An important reason that composite piles have not gained wide acceptance in the civil engineering practice is the lack of a long
More information3.1 Historical Considerations
3. Recommended Scope of Bridge improvements 3.1 Historical Considerations In the fall of 2000, an outside consultant, Fraser Design, suggested that the existing 4 th St. Bridge is potentially eligible
More informationSLAB DESIGN. Introduction ACI318 Code provides two design procedures for slab systems:
Reading Assignment SLAB DESIGN Chapter 9 of Text and, Chapter 13 of ACI318-02 Introduction ACI318 Code provides two design procedures for slab systems: 13.6.1 Direct Design Method (DDM) For slab systems
More informationNumerical Analysis of the Moving Formwork Bracket Stress during Construction of a Curved Continuous Box Girder Bridge with Variable Width
Modern Applied Science; Vol. 9, No. 6; 2015 ISSN 1913-1844 E-ISSN 1913-1852 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Numerical Analysis of the Moving Formwork Bracket Stress during Construction
More informationAASHTOWare Bridge Design and Rating Training. STL8 Single Span Steel 3D Example (BrDR 6.6)
AASHTOWare Bridge Design and Rating Training STL8 Single Span Steel 3D Example (BrDR 6.6) Last Modified: 4/28/2015 STL8-1 AASHTOWare BrDR 6.5 AASHTOWare Bridge Design and Rating Training STL8 Single Span
More informationEFFECTS ON NUMBER OF CABLES FOR MODAL ANALYSIS OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES
EFFECTS ON NUMBER OF CABLES FOR MODAL ANALYSIS OF CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES Yang-Cheng Wang Associate Professor & Chairman Department of Civil Engineering Chinese Military Academy Feng-Shan 83000,Taiwan Republic
More informationIntroduction to LRFD, Loads and Loads Distribution
Introduction to LRFD, Loads and Loads Distribution Thomas K. Saad, P.E. Federal Highway Administration Chicago, IL Evolution of Design Methodologies SLD Methodology: (f t ) D + (f t ) L 0.55F y, or 1.82(f
More informationIN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HYBRID COMPOSITE BRIDGE SYSTEM A CASE STUDY
IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE AND BEHAVIOR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HYBRID COMPOSITE BRIDGE SYSTEM A CASE STUDY John M. Civitillo University of Virginia, USA Devin K. Harris University of Virginia, USA Amir Gheitasi
More informationSan Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge SELF-ANCHORED SUSPENSION (SAS) SPAN
San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge SELF-ANCHORED SUSPENSION (SAS) SPAN San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge SELF-ANCHORED SUSPENSION (SAS) SPAN 2 Project Overview Conventional Vs SAS Bridge SFOBB SAS Features
More information6.0 Implementation: Retrofitting Gable End Walls with L-Bent Straps
6.0 Implementation: Retrofitting Gable End Walls with L-Bent Straps Order of presentation: To give you a better appreciation of what is involved in doing a gable end bracing retrofit, the first section
More informationPRESTRESSED CONCRETE. Introduction REINFORCED CONCRETE CHAPTER SPRING 2004. Reinforced Concrete Design. Fifth Edition. By Dr. Ibrahim.
CHAPTER REINFORCED CONCRETE Reinforced Concrete Design A Fundamental Approach - Fifth Edition Fifth Edition PRESTRESSED CONCRETE A. J. Clark School of Engineering Department of Civil and Environmental
More informationSECTION 02630 STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
SECTION 02630 PART 1 - GENERAL 1.01 DESCRIPTION A. Section includes specifications for storm drainage systems including modifications and connections to existing storm drainage systems. 1.02 REFERENCE
More informationHow To Write An Analysis System For Bridge Test
Study of Analysis System for Bridge Test Chen Ke, Lu Jian-Ming, Research Institute of Highway, 100088, Beijing, China (chenkezi@163.com, lujianming@263.net) Summary Analysis System for Bridge Test (Chinese
More informationReinforced Concrete Slab Design Using the Empirical Method
Reinforced Concrete Slab Design Using the Empirical Method BridgeSight Solutions for the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications BridgeSight Software TM Creators of effective and reliable solutions for
More informationSTRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION. Gary S. Berman, PE GREYHAWK North America, LLC. GREYHAWK North America, LLC
STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION by Gary S. Berman, PE GREYHAWK North America, LLC Table of Contents GLOSSARY 3 I. INTRODUCTION TO STEEL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 8 II. THE STEEL PROCESS FROM DESIGN
More informationWeight Measurement Technology
Kistler-Morse (KM) introduced bolt-on weight measuring systems three decades ago. These devices featured Walter Kistler s invention, the Microcell. Over the years, many improvements were made to the Microcell
More informationSpon Press PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DESIGN EUROCODES. University of Glasgow. Department of Civil Engineering. Prabhakara Bhatt LONDON AND NEW YORK
PRESTRESSED CONCRETE DESIGN TO EUROCODES Prabhakara Bhatt Department of Civil Engineering University of Glasgow Spon Press an imprint of Taytor & Francfe LONDON AND NEW YORK CONTENTS Preface xix Basic
More informationSUSPENSION TRAIL BRIDGE USING SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
SUSPENSION TRAIL BRIDGE USING SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS Rattlesnake Creek, Missoula, Montana, USA Brad Miller PE brad.miller@hdrinc.com BACKGROUND - Initial Concept - Cable Stayed Bridge Using Smallwood (Smallwood,
More informationADVANCED SYSTEMS FOR RATIONAL SLAB REINFORCEMENT
ADVANCED SYSTEMS FOR RATIONAL SLAB REINFORCEMENT CASPER ÅLANDER M. Sc. (Civ. Eng.) Development manager Fundia Reinforcing Abstract This paper deals with rational and fast ways to reinforce concrete slabs.
More informationETABS. Integrated Building Design Software. Composite Floor Frame Design Manual. Computers and Structures, Inc. Berkeley, California, USA
ETABS Integrated Building Design Software Composite Floor Frame Design Manual Computers and Structures, Inc. Berkeley, California, USA Version 8 January 2002 Copyright The computer program ETABS and all
More informationStructural Performance of Highway Bridges under Given Foundation Settlements
ASEE 2014 Zone I Conference, April 3-5, 2014, University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT, USA. Structural Performance of Highway Bridges under Given Foundation Settlements Zhan Su*; Qian Wang, PhD, PE, Assistant
More informationHunter College school of Social Work Thesis Proposal
Fall 2009 Hunter College school of Social Work Thesis Proposal To analyze how energy efficiency can be implemented using facade and green roof redesign. It ties structural engineering concepts with existing
More informationFifteen years experience of design, production and assembling of prestressed Bridge decks in Timber
Fifteen years experience of design, production and assembling of pre-stressed Bridge decks in Timber P. Jacobsson 1 Fifteen years experience of design, production and assembling of prestressed Bridge decks
More informationHigh Strain Dynamic Load Testing of Drilled Shafts
Supplemental Technical Specification for High Strain Dynamic Load Testing of Drilled Shafts SCDOT Designation: SC-M-712 (9/15) September 3, 2015 1.0 GENERAL This work shall consist of performing high-strain
More informationSCHEMATIC AND PROJECT BUDGET APPROVAL EAST CAMPUS NURSING EDUCATION AND CLASSROOM
Shepherd University Board of Governors June 9, 2005 Agenda Item No. 9 SCHEMATIC AND PROJECT BUDGET APPROVAL EAST CAMPUS NURSING EDUCATION AND CLASSROOM In 1994 construction began on the Byrd Science and
More informationElevated Roads for Sri Lanka
Elevated Roads for Sri Lanka M.T.R. Jayasinghe (Senior Professor, Structural Engineering, University of Moratuwa) Senior Professor M.T.R. Jayasinghe is a Professor of Structural Engineering, University
More information